INDEX
A
Adonis, river, and grave of, 151
Adonis-worship, 245, 312; human sacrifice in, 312; rites of, 313
African burial rites, 29
African tribes, religious belief of, 25
Africana, iv Amu, The Hairy, 135
Alexander, son of Philip, 6
Alexandria, the Eastern London, 15; state of religion in, 368
Allah, isolation of, in Mohammedanism, 412
American cremationists, early, 55
Amon-Ra, or Zeus Ammon, 6
Ancestor-worship, 182
et seq,; in India, 32
Animism, theory of, 437
Antioch, the Venice of its time, 365
Art in primitive Greece, 84
Articles of faith, fresh additions to, 11
Asher a, 135, 189
Athanasius, 7
Atonement, doctrine of, 347; not a primitive idea, 347
Attis, worship of, 313; self-mutilation in, 313; festival of the cult of, 314; parallelism to Indian usage, 314; essentially a corn-god, 314
Aubrey’s Remains of Gentilisme, 139
Aviella, Goblet d’, 401
==Aztec cannibal banquets, no
B
Baptism, 389, 405
Barrows, Long, used for burials, 55; Round, for cremation, 56,65
Bastian, 134, 139
Baumkultus, Mannhardt’s, 138
Beagle, Voyage of the, Darwin’s, 143
Belief, Egyptian, summary of, 173
Blood, substitute for, no Body, resurrection of the, 43, 54, 63
Buddhism, Freeman on, 380
Builder’s Rites and Ceremonies, Speth’s, 254
Bull-god, the Hebrew, 191
Bureati of Ethtiology, Report of, 106
Burgon, Dean, 418
Burial, cave, 53; dissertation on, 55
et seq.; due to fear of ghosts, 56; earlier than burning, 54; Frazer as to, 56; resurrection from practice of, 54; rites, African, 29; sanctity from, sacred well, 152; system, origin of cultivation as adjunct of, 278
Burrough, Stephen (in Hakluyt), 129
Burton, Sir Richard, 416; anecdote of, 27
"Burying the carnival,” 338
Busta, 66
C
Cade, Jack (Mortimer), 259
Camel sacrifice, 333; compared ?with that of Potraj and Dionysus, 333; must be hastily eaten. 333; compare paschal lamb, 333
Cannibal banquets, Aztec, no “Carnival, Burying the,” 293
Catlin, 50
Cave burial, 53
Ceremonial institution, 200
Ceremonialism, religious, evolution of, 90
Ceremonies for expulsion of evils from communities, 349
Chalmers, Mr., 76, 358, 359
Cheyne, Professor, on stone-worship, 120
Christ, a corn-god, 381; a king’s son, 383; and Meriah, 292; a temporary king, 379; bought with a price, 385
Christendom, corpse-worship of, at the tomb of Christ, 417; development of God of ancient Hebrews in God of modern, 225; God of, 359
Christian and heathen gods, apotheosis, 235; basis of religion, 226
Christianisation of Megalithic monuments, 115
Christianised form of scapegoat, 351
Christianity, a blend of Judaism with the popular religions of the day,
363; a competitor of Gnosticism, 395; a magma of Mediterranean religious
ideas, 244; as standard of reference, 3; a syncretic product, 363; an
embodiment of Mediterranean cults, 227; Egyptian influence on, 400 et
seq.; elements of, 404; growth of, 362; in the West, 403 et seq.; in its
beginning oriental, 400; least anthropomorphic creed, 18; Mithraism a
competitor of, 395; modern worship of dead central force in, 408; origin
of, author guided by Frazer and Mannhardt, v; peculiarities of, 17;
priesthood not an integral part of early, 11; primitive, three great
motors of, 399; reason for triumph of, 389; religion, typical, 15;
religion, not i a typical, 17; removed from all primitive cults, 17;
specially the religion of immortality, 392; two main forms of, 403
Christian Pantheon, 7
Christians a sect of the Jews, 7
Christus, compared with Meriah, 2285
Circumcision, baptism substituted for, 405; origin of, 200
Clodd, Mr. Edward, v, 21, 254
Codrington, Dr., 132
Conder, Major, 196, 198,199, 415
Conway, Sir Martin, 175
Cook, Captain, 132
Corn-god, as seed, 287; Christ a, 381
Corn-god worship and Potraj festival, analogy of, 304
Corn-gods, animal, 289; substitute for human sacrifice, 289; in England, 290, 291
Corn festivals, European, 216
Cornish well-spirits, 152
Corpse, preservation of, 49; value of saintly, as treasure, 422; worship, at Rome, 419; in Britain, 427; in Islam, 413; the protoplasm of religion, 438
Cremationists, early American, Mexicans, 55
Cretan Dionysus myth, 307
Cross, threefold value of, 115
Cultivation, origin of, as adjunct of burial system, 278; paradox of, 273; origin of, 275
Culte du Cypres, Sur le, Lajard’s, 143
D
D’Albertis, 68
D’Alviella, Goblet, 401
Darwin’s Voyage of the Beagle, 143
Dead, book of the, 170; cult of the, 185, 433; in Egypt, 415; fear of, 53; immortality the basis of worship of, 412; life of, 42; spiritualist belief in, 42; three stages in belief, 43; reappearance in sleep, 48; Roman commemoration of, 431; votive offerings to, 158
Dead bodies, preserving and worship of, 68
Dead god, worship of, universal in cults, 436
Dead man’s tomb, the primitive temple, 11
"Death, Carrying out,” 293
Death, primitive theories as to, 45, 47; the gate of life, 162; The Worship of, 153, 198
Deified man, worship of, 3
Deity, the need of a familiar, 432
De Osiride, Plutarch’s, 166
Deities, Sir Alfred Lyall on origin of minor provincial, 438
Du Manes, 9
Dionysus, originally the corn victim, 307; worship, 304, 305; resurrection of, 305; varieties of, 306; resemblance between, and Potraj rites, 306
Divine victim, priest alone drinks blood of, 346; trees in Semitic area, 149
Divinity, abnormal conditions of connection with, 228
Doubt and credulity always coexistent, 396
Du Chaillu, 71
E
Easter compared with other annual festivals, 391
"Eaten with honour,” vii
Egypt, evolution of gods in, 155, tombs and caves of, 161, 416
Egyptian Belief, summary of, 178; gods early kings, 176; bestial types of, 173, 175; ophiolatry; Hebrew snake worship parallel with, 192; totems, 168; triads of God’s origin of Trinity, 17, 369
Egyptians, true religion of, worship of the dead, and polytheism, 179
Elliot, Sir Walter, 301
Ellis, 68
Emigrants, Irish, in Canada, custom of, 343
Erman, on gods of the Ostyaks, 438
Essay on Scarabs, Loftie’s, 167
Ethnology, Report of Bureau of, 106; in Folklore, Gomme’s, 288, 290
Eucharist, Mexican, 341
Euhemerism, 16
F
Fairs, gingerbread cakes at, significance of, 344
Faith, fresh additions to Articles of, 11
"Feeding the Dead,” 299
Fetichism, 97
Flagstone of the kings, 113
Folklore the protoplasm of mythology and theology, 438
Forbes, H. O., 50, 69, 80, 128, 268
Fortnightly Review, viii Frazer, J. G., v, 56, 87, 91, 138, 142, 174, 175, 191, 228, 230; 231, 232, 233, 235, 237, 238, 239, 241, 242, 245, 246, 248, 252, 270, 279, 280, 283, 286, 287, 288, 291, 294, 297, 305, 306, 307, 309, 310. 312, 314, 315, 316, 336, 338, 342, 344, 348, 349, 350, 352, 353, 355
Freeman, E. A., on Buddhism, 380
Future Life, Hebrew theories as to, 184
G
Galton, Mr., 146, 318
Gentilisme, Remains of, Aubrey’s, 139 .
Ghost theories, 159
Giant’s dance, 107
Gill, Wyatt, 69, 329
Gnosticism, a competitor of Christianity, 395
God, boundary, 270; corn-, as seed, 287; development of Holy Ghost from, 407; eating, the, 339; feast, sacraments survival from cannibal, 346; growth of idea of, 19; the Hebrew bull, 191; human origin of, 3; of Christendom, 409; belief in personality of, 409; as represented by Italian art, 409; cannot be realised except symbolically, 410; of food, making of, 281; manufactured, doctrine of, vi; monotheistic conception of, b. c., 14; of the ancient Hebrews, development of, into God of modern Christendom, 225; of increase, Jahweh a, 195; peculiar story of evolution of God of, 1; 385; sacramental union with a, 322; sacrifice of, in atonement, 320; the, as bread and wine, 337; the Hebrew, 154, 155; worship, development of sentiment from corpse-worship to, 162; Hebrew stone, 167167; of Egypt, the, viii; or the Ostyaks, Erman on, 438; origin of Egyptian triads of, 369; evolution of, 407
God-eating, in Mexico, 327
et seq.; sacraments, evolution of, vi God-making, orgiastic festival of Potraj, 301, 325, 346; for ships, 263; for river, 264; for war, 267
Gods, all primitive, corpses, 91; ancestors as, 86; artificial crop of, 247; bestial types of Egyptian, 173, 175; Egyptian, originally kings, 155; elemental, or nature-gods, 176; superadded factor in Egyptian religion, 177; foundation, 25S, 319; framed from abstract conceptions, 174; frequently put to death by their votaries, 233; great, classes rather than individuals, 269; growth of, from ghosts, 71, 72; growth of, spontaneous, 247; importance of antiquity of, in ancient and modern society, 73; in Egypt, evolution of, 155; killing of, a component of many faiths, 234; apotheosis, heathen and Christian, 235; minor, necessity of renewing, 411; new, necessary in religion, 432; of agriculture, 272; of city walls, 251; of towns and villages, 255; Semitic, vagueness of, 205
Golden Bough, The, Frazer’s, v, 87, 138, 142, 246, 280, 283, 297
Gomara, 81
Gomme, Lawrence, v, 259, 288, 290, 297, 303, 306, 311, 349
Good qualities, eating, 323, 324
Gould, S. Baring, 248
Graves, food plants on, 281
Grave-stakes and standing-stones or tombstones as objects of worship, 82, 83
Greece, art in primitive, 84
Greek scapegoat, 352
Grote, on Greek worship, 103
Grove, sacred, 93
H
Haggard, H. Rider, 252
Harranians, infant sacrifice among, 344
Hartland, Sidney (note) v, 6, 47, 302, 324, 349, 383
Harvest, first-fruits of, 299, Hebrews, development of God of the ancient, into God of modern Christendom, 225; stone gods, 187; theories as to future life, 184
Heathen sacrifice of a god to himself analogous to Christian sacrifice of the mass, 244
Henderson, Captain, 438
Hterurgia, Dr. Rock’s, 430
Holy Ghost, development of, from God, 407
Holy heads, preservation of in Britain, 429
Honorific cannibalism, Sidney Hartland on, 324
Horus, Madonna and Child compared with, 400
Hugh, St., of Lincoln, 379
Huitzilopochtli, image of, in dough, eaten by worshippers, 340
Hunter, Sir William, 31, 32, 143, 144
I
Idea of God, growth of, 19
Idols, 101; et seq., mummy, of Mexicans, 81, 82; wooden-, probable origin of, 69; origin of, 79; supersession of mummy by, ,80; wooden, derived from sepulchre head posts, 137
Illustrated London News, 5, 56, 74
Images, multiplication of, 85
Immortality, from practice of burning, 54; and resurrection, viii; of the soul, 43, 54; the basis of, worship of dead, 412
Incarnation, theory of, 229; an ordinary feature of religion in the first century, 233
Iona, black stones of, 116
Irish well-spirits, 152
Isis, Madonna and Child compared with, 400
Israel, evolution of God of, peculiar story of, 180; religion of, originally polytheistic, 201
Italy, shrines of saint, in, 424
J
Jahweh, ancestral sacred stone of the people of Israel, 126; a stone god, 197; attempts to make, always incorporeal, 124; destruction of stone, made his worship cosmopolitan, 222; incorporeal Supreme Ruler, 222; dissertation on, 122
et seq generic conception of pure deity, 223; human sacrifice to, 199; later conception of, 211; Molech-traits of, 212; the value of, 192 et seq.; a god of increase, 195; object of portable size, 123; spiritualized into great national deity, 125; the Hebrew god, 154, 155; the Rock of Israel, 125; worship of, astrological additions to, 213
Jameson’s, Mrs., Sacred and Legendary Art, 420
Japanese totem, 360
Jesus, earliest believers in, 244
Jesus-cult, development of, 405
et seq.
Jews, Christians a sect of, 7; polytheists, 181
John the Baptist, 388
Judaism, Christianity a blend of, with the popular religions of the day, 363
K
Kaaba, 114, 186
Kings as gods, 227; as priests, 87; gods, evolution of, 172
L
Lajard’s Sur le Culte du Cypres, 143
Landa, 80
Landor, Walter Savage, 135, 360
Lang, Andrew, 23, 108, 114, 171 (note), 176
Lares, 369
Lectures on the Religion of Ancient Egypt, Renouf’s, 156
Legend of Perseus, Hartland’s, v
Lenormant, M., on ancestorship, 183
Life of the Dead, Three successive stages in, vi Livingstone, Dr., 147
Loftie, 158, 167, 308, 401
London Stone, 258
Longmans’ Magazine, 258
Lundonstone, Henry de, 258
Lyall, Sir Alfred, on origin of minor provincial deities, 438
M
Macdonald, Duff, iv, 24, 25, 27, 29, 30, 73, 74, 77, 96, 143, 247,
438
Madonna and Child, compared with Isis and Horus, 400
Maniæ, 344
Man-god, the death and resurrection of, the keynote to Asian and African religions, 246; types of, 231
Man-gods, importance to welfare of people in early times, 237; necessity of killing them before their powers decayed, 239 et seq.
Mannhardt, 138, 353
Man’s two halves, 46
Manufactured god, doctrine of, vi Mariette, M., 162, 168
Martyrdom, 271; the passion for, of early Christians, 419
Maspero, M., 159,160, 176
Mass developed from Agape feasts, 12
Megalithic monuments, Christianisation of, 115
Men, metamorphosis of, into stones, 107
Meriah, 323; and Christ, 285, 292
Meriahs, 283, 284, 319
Meteorological phenomena, primitive misconception of, 20
Mexican cremationists, early, 55; eucharist, 431
Mexico, god-eating in, 327, et seq. Migration of Symbols, The, 401
Mithraism, a competitor of Christianity, 395
Mock-mayors, 295
Mommsen, Dr., v Monotheism, origin of, 154; religion reduced to central element, 223; rise of, iv, 204
Monotheistic conception of God, b. c., 14
Mother of the gods, and mother of God, resemblance between, 385
Müller, Max, 23
Mulungu, 25
Mummification, 49
Mummy, idols of Mexicans, 81, 82; worship in Egypt, 157
Mythology, and Religion, relative positions of, 20; essentially theoretical, 23
N
Nature-worship, origin of, v New ideas of secondary rank, enumeration of, vi
Nordenskiold, Baron, 357
O
Obelisk, origin of, 105
Oberammergau, 379
Ohio mounds, 55
Osiris, the god of dead, 308, as a corn-god, 309; legend of Busiris concerning, 310; festival resemblance to rites of Potraj, 308; festivals, customs at, 345; growth of worship of, 167; originally a king, 165; rite, contemporary survival of, in Egypt, 310; rite, annual human victim of, 311; worship of, 107
P
Pandavas, Five, 94, 109, 114
Paris, saints’ relics in, 425
Paul, probably first preacher of Christ to the world at large, 387
Paulicians, accusation against, 343
Penates, 370
Petrie, Flinders, vii, 176
Pharaoh, divinity of, 167
Philosophers, Roman, compared with Unitarians, 393
Piacular sacrificial rites, 261, 356
Pilatus, Caius Pontius, 3
Plutarch’s De Osiride, 166
Polytheism, origin of, Spencer’s ghost theory as to, iv; and worship of the dead the true religion of the Egyptians, 179
Potraj, orgiastic god-making festival of, 301, 325, 346
Powell, Professor York, v “Practical Religion,” viii Prévost, Abbé, 45
Priest, development of, from temple attendant, 89; victim and god, identity of, 320
Priesthood, dual origin of, 86; independent origin of, 88; not integral part of early Christianity, 219
R
Ramsay, Professor, 245, 313
Reformation, Progress of, in Ireland, 102
Relics, saintly, necessary for the sacrifice of the mass, 430
Religion and mythology, viii; should be separated, 40
Religion, and mythology, relative positions of, 20; as a result of fear, 21; Christian basis of, 226; connection of, with death never severed, 411; demarcation of, from mythology, vi; Egyptian, based on ancestor-worship and totemism, 157; essentially practical, 22, 24; every, continues to make minor gods, 410; Roman, cosmopolitanised under the Empire, 375; Roman, Hellenised, 373; Roman, origin and growth of, 369; solely ceremony, custom, or practice, 32; state of, in Alexandria, 368; worship and sacrifice prime factors of, 40
Religious, belief of African tribes, 25; ceremonialism, evolution of, 90; emotion arises from regard for the dead. 411; sentiment, development of, from corpse- to God-worship, 162; thinking, 400; main schools of, iii; unrest, description of, 394
Renouf, Le Page, 156, 159,160,172, 174
Resurrection from practice of burial, 54; immortality and, viii; of the body, 43, 54, 63; steps to prevent, 57
Revenant, 62
Rex Nemoralis, 344
Rhys, Professor John, v Rocks, Dr., Hierurgia, 430
Rock, Standing, 108
Roden, Earl of, 102
Roman, Catholic mass a survival of the cult of Adonis-worship, 245; scapegoat, 352; ritual, derivation of, 34; scepticism, 392
Rougé, M. de, 157
Royal victims, sacrifice of, 259, 260
S
Sacramental meal, first step toward, 322; union with a god, 325
Sacraments, sacrifice and, 318; survival from cannibal god-feast, 346
Sacred and Legendary Art, Mrs. Jameson’s, 420
Sacred books, 13
Sacred objects of the world, 150, 153
"Sacred Stones,” viii Sacred Stones,93, et seq.; attempts to Jehovise, 119, 120; derivation of, from tombs, 116; in Britain, 113; migration of, 111
Sacred trees, 138; among Phoenicians and Canaanites, 150
Sacred well, sanctity from burial, 151, 152
Sacrifice, and sacrament, 318; camel, 333; cannibal mystic, 322; child, to make gods, 261; corn-gods substitute for human, 289; of a god, mystic theory of, 320; heathen, of a god to himself analogous to Christian sacrifice of the mass, 244; human, in Adonis-worship, 312; infant, among Harranians, 344; of God in atonement, 320; of royal victims, 219, 260; piacular, 261, 262; propitiatory annual, in New Guinea, 358; sacramental, involves renewal of divine life, 335; Smith Robertson’s view of, 330; tlieanthropic, 260; two kinds of, 319
Sacrificial, animal, usually male, 333; victim, sanctity of, 331
Saints, intervention of, in Venice, 423; invocation of, 9; preservation of relics of, in Church of Rome, 421; relics in Paris,'425; devotion at the shrines of, 426; shrines of, in Italy, 424
Samoa, Turner’s, 99, hi Samoan collection of Mr. Turner, 97
"Sawing the Old Woman,” 294. Sayce, Professor, 33, 173
Scapegoat, belief of transference of evils to, 349; Christianised form of, 351; evolution of, 350; human, 350; Roman and Greek, 352; transition from human to divine animal, 354
Scepticism, Roman, 392
Schoolcraft, 50, 100
Scone stone, 112
Seed-sowing, origin of, as adjunct of burial system, 278
Self-sacrifice, the creed of, 418
Semites, Religion of the, 119, 150, 214
Semitic, gods, vagueness of, 205; stone-cult, 116
Sepolture dei giganti, 94
Simpson, William, v, 40, 74, 271, 411, 416
Sin-eater, ritual of the, 345
Sins, remission of, bloodshed necessary for, 361
Skull, or head, importance of, 51, 66; primitive worship of, 69, 70
Smith, Angus, 101
Smith, Robertson, iv, 21, 32, 91, 117, 118, 136, 145, 152, 153, 185, 189, 209, 214, 215, 255, 256, 260, 262, 318, 320, 330, 355, 356, 373
Smith’s, Robertson, view of sacrifice, 330
Snake-worship, Hebrew, parallel with Egyptian ophiolatry, 192
Sociology, Principles of, 34, 68, 74 (note), 99, 435
Soul, Frazer and the, 47; Hart-land, Sidney, and the, 47; immortality of the, 63; separate, 47
Spano, Abbate, 101
Spencer, Herbert, iv, 23, 24, 31,36, 47, 49, 50, 52, 68, 70, 74, 76, 79, 81, 82, 99, no, 134, 146, 173, 174, 200, 279, 418, 430, 435
Speth, 254, 271
Spirit-possessed persons in rude society, 230
Stake, wooden, 93
Stakes, sacred, 127; inferior to stones, 127; derivation of, 128; worship of, 129; evolution into idol, 132
Standard of reference, Christianity as, 3 ‘
Stahic, definition of, 249
Statues, an outgrowth of tombstones, 83
Stevenson, R. L., authority on memorial tree-planting, 141
St. Hugh of Lincoln, 379
Stick-worship, 100
Stone-cult, Semitic, 116
Stone-gods, Hebrew, 187
Stonehenge, 93, 112
Stones, sacred, 93 et seg.; Sardinian, 101; of the Hebrews, 117
et seg.; metamorphosis of men into, 107
Stone worship, Professor Cheyne on, 120
Sun-worship, 105
Swinburne, quoted, 18
Symbolism, never primitive, 209
Syrians, easily Hellenised, 366
T
Taylor, Dr. Isaac, 82
Temenos, cenotaphs if not tombs, 148
Temple, origin of,'74, 75, 76; praying house, origin o±, 69; the tomb as a, 159; tombs of Egypt, 416
"The Gods of Egypt,” viii “The Life of the Dead,” viii Theotokos, 9
Theology or mythology essentially theoretical, 23
Thurn, Im, 437
Tombs, of the kings, 142; and caves of Egypt, 161
Tombstones, early, 95, 96
Totem, Japanese, 360; rites and feast at sacrifice of, 360
Totems, Egyptian, 168
Totem-worship, 165; origin of, 174, 175
Totnes Times, 259
Trees, among Phoenicians and Canaanites, sacred, 150; in Semitic area, divine, 149; offering to, 143; sacred, 138
Trinity, Egyptian triads of gods, origin of, 17, 369; evolution of, 407
Turner, Mr., Samoan collection of, 91, 97
Turner, Rev. George, 34,108, 146, 298
Tylor, Dr., 23, 31, 47, 98, 99, 100, 104, no, 114, 131, 134, 144, 146, 249, 271,279
U
Universal Review, viii Unitarians, Roman philosophers compared with, 393
V
Venice, intervention of saints in, 423
Vesalius, 45
Victims, substituted, 253
Village Community, L. Gomme’s 259, 297
Village foundation, ritual of, 257
W
Ward, Lester, 25
Well, sacred, sanctity from burial, 152 ‘
Wells, sacred, 151
Well-spirits, Cornish and Irish, 152
Wooden idols, probable origin of, 69
Worship of Death, The, v, 75
Worship, Adonis, 245, 312; ancestor-, 182 et seg., in India, 32; and sacrifice prime factors of religion, 40; corpse, of Christendom, at the tomb of Christ, 417; God, development of sentiment from corpse-worship to, 162; grave-stakes and standing-stones or tombstones as object of, 82, 83; Hebrew snake, parallel with Egyptian ophiolatry, 192; mummy, in Egypt, 157; Nature, origin of, v ; of Attis, 313; of corn-god and Potraj festival, analogy of, 304; of dead bodies, 68; of dead god, universal in cults, 436; of deified man, 3; of dead and polytheism the true religion of the Egyptians, 179; of Osiris, growth of, 167; of sacred stakes, 129; of skull, primitive, 69-70; sun, 105; totem, 165; origin of, 174, 175; as proven by monuments, 167
Worshippers, image of Huitzilo. pochtli, in dough, eaten by, 340
Y
Yarilo, funeral of, 294
Z
Zeus Ammon, or Amon Ra, 6
This is a Project Gutenberg text, covered by its specific license.
