Biographical Note of the Author.

I was born at Dunbarton, N.H. on the 3d of Dec. 1855, and am the youngest son of Samuel and Hannah Dane Burnham. I graduated at the High School at Manchester, N.H. in 1875. The next three years I spent in teaching and in study. In 1878 I entered Harvard College, and graduated in the Class of ’82. The following year was spent in teaching in the Preparatory Department of Wittenberg College. The next two years were spent at the State Normal School at Potsdam, N.Y., where my work was the teaching of Latin and Rhetoric. In 1885 I entered the Johns Hopkins University. In this university I have held the positions of Fellow in Philosophy and Fellow by Courtesy. My work has been chiefly under the direction of Prof. G. Stanley Hall and Dr. Richard T. Ely.

William Henry Burnham.

FOOTNOTES:

1. For reference see Carus: Geschichte der Psychologie, pp. 150 & 169.

2. Theophrastus, 45.

3. Theophrastus, 4. Cf. Siebeck: Geschichte der Psychologie. Erste Abtheilung, p. 150.

4. Phaedrus, 73.

5. Philebus, 34.

6. Jowett’s Translation.

7. For references see Zeller’s Plato and the Older Academy, pp. 126 and 407. Cf. also Siebeck: Geschichte der Psychologie.

8. For the many passages in which the words μνήμη, μνημονεύω, μνημονικος, μημων μνήμων occur in Plato, conf see Ast. Lexicon Platonicum, II. pp. 356–357. For ἀναμιμνήσκω and ἀνάμνησις cf. the same, Vol. I. pp. 151–152.

9. De Memoria et Reminiscentia. For a list of commentaries, see Hamilton’s edition of Reid’s Works, p. 891.

10. Touch and Taste according to A. reside in the heart. Sight, Sound, and Smell in the brain, but they are indirectly connected with the heart.

11. De Somno. 1. 454.

ἡ δὲ λεγομένη αἴσθησις ὡς ἐνέργεια κίνησίς τις διὰ τοῦ σώματος τῆς ψυχῆς ἐστιν.

12. See Wallace; Aristotle’s Psychology, Introduction, pp. 93 & 94.

13. In other words, abstract ideas and the like are reproducible only so far as they imply images.

14. Quoted from G. H. Lewes’s work on Aristotle, p. 257.

15. Συμβαίνουσι δ’ αἱ ἀναμνήσεις, ἐπειδὴ πέφυκεν ἡ κίνησις ἥδε γενέσθαι μετὰ τήνδε.
This passage is obscure, but it is generally understood to refer to the sequence of motions or the corresponding ideas, and this interpretation agrees with the context. See Hamilton’s Edition of Reid, pp. 892–893, and Themistius’ paraphrase of De Memoria, quoted by Hamilton, p. 893–894; also Siebeck, Geschichte der Psychologie, Zweite Abtheilung, p. 77; Grote’s Aristotle, p. 215; Grant’s Aristotle, p. 170; Wallace’s Aristotle’s Psychology, Introduction, p. 95.

16. Cf. Siebeck, Geschichte der Psychologie, Zweite Abtheilung, p. 77.

17. The Greek is as follows:

διὸ καὶ τὸ ἐφεξῆς θηρεύομεν νοήσαντες ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν ἢ ἄλλου τινὸς καὶ αφ’ ὁμοίου, ἢ ἐναντίου, ἢ τοῦ σύνεγγυς διὰ τοῦτο γίνεται ἡ ἀνάμνησις. αἱ γὰρ κινήσεις τούτων τῶν μὲν αἱ αὐταί, τῶν δ’ ἅμα, τῶν δὲ μέρος ἔχουσιν ὥστε τὸ λοιπὸν μικρὸν ὃ ἐκινήθη μετ’ ἐκεῖνο.

18. p. 95.

19. See also Grote, Grant, Siebeck, and Zeller: see opp. cit.

20. Hamilton’s emendation is as follows:

After ἢ ἄλλου τινὸς in the passage cited he would supply χρόνου or καιροῦ.

21. Quoted by Hamilton in his edition of Reid’s Works, p. 901.

22. Hamilton’s translation. Edition of Reid’s Works, Vol. II. p. 909.

23. Grote, op. cit. p.

24. Wallace: Aristotle’s Psychology, p. 41.

25. Siebeck: op. cit., pp. 78–79.

26. Bain: Senses and Intellect, p. 338. 3d American ed.

27. For passages where the words μνήμη, ἀνάμνησις, etc., occur in Aristotle see the Index in the Berlin edition of Aristotle’s works, Vol. V. In addition to the works cited see also Waddington-Kastus; De la psychologie d’Aristote, Chap. XIII.

28. For reference see Siebeck’s Geschichte der Psychologie, p. 209. See also Ueberweg, History of Philosophy, Vol. I. p. 193.

29. Cf. Stein; Die Erkenntnisstheorie der Stoa: Zeller; Stoics, Epicureans, and Sceptics: and Ueberweg; Hist. of Philos. loc. cit.

30. Lucretius, IV. 75 seqq.

31. Cicero, De Oratore, II. 86 seq.

Quintilian, Instit. orat. XI. 2 seq.

32. Cf. Enn. IV. L. III. C. XXV. XXX and L. VI.

33. Cf. Siebeck: Geschichte der Psychologie, II. p. 314 seq.

34. The central sense or sensorium, however, according to Augustine is located in the brain, not in the heart as in Aristotle’s psychology.

35. De Trin. L. XIV. C. VII. See also Ferraz,—Psych. de St. Augustin, 2nd ed.

36. Augustine does not mean to limit what follows to mathematical truths, but according to his psychology the same would be true of anything that we are liable to forget.

37. De Musica, L. VI. C. IV.

38. Conf. L. X. C. XIX. Pusey’s translation.

39. Conf. L. X. C. VIII.

40. Conf. L. X. C. IX. sqq.

41. Ferraz.—Psych. de St. Augustin, p. 178. Cf. also De Trin. L. XV. C. XXI. XXII. XXIII. and L. XI. C. VII. and VIII.

42. De Trin. L. XI. C. VIII. Pusey’s translation.

43. De Trin. L. XI. C. VII. Pusey’s translation.

44. De Trin., L. XII. 15.

45. De Gen. ad Litt., L. VII. C. XVIII.

46. Conf., L. X. C. X. and XI.

47. Ferraz, op. cit., p. 192.

48. Epistolae, 27.

49. Nat. Hist., L. VII. C. 24.

50. Cf. his work “On Memory and the Rational Means of Improving it.” London, 1862.

51. Galton, Enquiry into Human Faculty, p. 83 seq.