CONTENTS
I.
IMPERIALISM AND THE CITY-STATE
I. DEFINITIONS
1-5
1. Of empire, 1.
2. Of emperor, 3.
3. Of imperialism, 4.
II. THE CITY-STATE
6-19
1. Its origin, 6.
2. Its characteristics, 9.
a. Fusion of agricultural, trading, industrial, and commercial classes, 9.
b. Theory of common descent of citizens, 13.
c. So-called worship of the dead, 14.
d. Educative power of the laws, 16.
e. Municipality and nation in one, 17.
III. MEANS OF OBSCURING IMPERIALISM
19-25
1. Symmachia the basis of the Peloponnesian league, 20.
a. Support of oligarchies, 21.
2. Stasis, or civil war, 22.
3. Symmachia the basis of the Athenian empire, 23.
a. Support of democracies, 23.
b. Maintenance of the union, 24.
IV. FAILURE OF HEGEMONIES
25-30
1. The idea of proportionate representation, 27.
V. MEANS OF EVADING IMPERIALISM
30-34
1. Grant of Polity, or citizenship, 30.
2. Grant of Isopolity, or reciprocity of citizenship, 31.
3. Grant of Sympolity, or joint citizenship, 32.
VI. MEANS OF JUSTIFYING IMPERIALISM
34-37
1. Deification of kings, 35.
II.
I. ORIGIN OF THE IMPERIAL DEMOCRACY
38-41
1. Themistocles, 39.
2. Pericles, 41.
II. SIZE AND POPULATION OF ATHENS AND ITS EMPIRE
42-43
III. THE FUNERAL ORATION: THE IDEALS OF PERICLEAN DEMOCRACY
43-48
IV. THE INSTITUTIONS OF DEMOCRACY
49-65
1. Ecclesia and heliæa; their conjoined activity, 49.
2. The council of the 500 and the committees of magistrates, 51.
a. The ten prytanies, 52.
b. Election by lot; annual tenure of office; rotation, 52, 53, 55.
3. The ecclesia an assembly of high-class amateurs, 57.
a. Its use of experts, 58.
b. Its choice of a leader: ostracism, 60.
4. The economic basis of democracy, 61.
a. The place of slavery: simply a form of capital, 61.
b. The object of indemnities: political equality, 64.
V. THE EMPIRE
65-78
1. The advantages of sea power, 66.
2. The demands of the fleet, 68.
3. The complaints made against Athens, 70.
a. Misuse of tribute money, 71.
b. Misuse of judicial authority, 72.
c. Seizure of land in subject territory, 73.
d. Extirpation of the best, 74.
4. The destruction of the empire, 75.
III.
I. SPARTA IN HISTORY
79-97
1. Crushing of early Spartan culture, 81.
2. The military life of the Spartans, 84.
3. The effect of the Periœc ring-wall, 85, 88.
a. The Peloponnesian league: 550-370 B.C., 88.
b. The Hellenic league: 405-395 B.C., 89.
4. The hollowness of the Spartan hegemony, 90-95.
a. Cinadon, 91.
5. The age of reaction, 96, 97.
a. Urban particularism, 96.
b. The ancestral constitution, 96.
II. SPARTA AND ATHENS IN POLITICAL THEORY
97-114
1. Plato, 99-107.
a. Neglect of History, 99.
b. Plato's hatred of democracy, 102.
c. His idealization of Sparta, 107.
2. Aristotle, 107-114.
a. Relation to history, 108.
b. Aristotle's hatred of imperialism, 110, 113.
c. Comparison of his Politics with the Prince of Machiavelli, 111.
d. Aristotle's failure to let "strength" operate in international politics, 114.
IV.
ALEXANDER THE GREAT AND WORLD-MONARCHY
I. IDEAS RECEIVED BY ALEXANDER FROM HIS PARENTS AND HIS TUTOR
116-123
a. Alexander and Philip, 116.
b. Alexander and Aristotle, 119, 135, 147.
II. ACTS BY WHICH ALEXANDER DISCLOSED HIS POLICIES
123-148
1. The destruction of Thebes, 123.
2. The visit to Troy, 124.
3. The Gordian knot, 125.
4. The visit to the oasis of Siwah, 126, 139.
5. The burning of the palace of the Persian kings, 129.
6. The discharge of the Greek contingents, 130.
7. Proskynesis, 131.
8. The great marriage at Susa, 136.
9. The proskynesis of the city-states, 147.
V.
I. HISTORY OF THE PTOLEMIES
149-160
1. Third period of Ptolemaic history: 80-30 B.C., 151.
a. Ptolemy the Piper, 152.
b. Cleopatra the Great, 152.
2. First period of Ptolemaic history: 323-203 B.C., 155.
a. Ptolemy I. Soter: 323-283 B.C., 150, 155.
b. Ptolemy II. Philadelphus: 285-246 B.C., 156.
c. Ptolemy III. Euergetes: 246-222 B.C., 159, 179.
d. Ptolemy IV. Philopator: 222-203 B.C., 160, 179.
II. EMPIRE OF THE PTOLEMIES
160-182
1. Grounds of the imperial policy of the early Ptolemies, 160.
a. Pride of possession, 160.
b. Checkmating enemies, 161.
c. Commercial advantages, 161.
d. Domestic policy, 162.
2. Triple theory of Ptolemaic state, 162.
a. For Egyptians, 162.
b. For Greek city-states, 163.
c. For Macedonians, 166.
3. The Ptolemaic army, 167.
a. Origin, 168.
b. Distribution of, in Egypt, 172.
c. Influence of, upon natives, 176.
d. Becomes immobile, 242-222 B.C., 179.
e. Opened to Egyptians, 180.
4. Second or domestic period of Ptolemaic history, 200-80 B.C., 180.
a. Absorption of Greek by native population, 181.
VI.
I. HISTORY OF THE SELEUCIDS
183-194
1. Antigonus the One-eyed, creator of the realm, 183.
2. Century and a half of progress, 184-190.
a. Seleucus I: 312-281 B.C., 184.
b. Antiochus I, Soter: 281-262 B.C., 185.
c. Antiochus II, Theos: 262-246 B.C., 185.
d. Seleucus II, Callinicus: 246-226 B.C., 186.
e. Seleucus III, Soter: 226-223 B.C., 186
f. Antiochus III, The Great: 223-187 B.C., 187.
g. Seleucus IV: 187-175 B.C.,188
h. Antiochus IV, The God Manifest: 175-164 B.C., 190, 213.
3. Century of decline: 164-163 B.C., 190.
4. External agents of destruction, 190.
a. Rome disarms Seleucids, incites revolt, and keeps alive dynastic struggles, 190.
b. Indo-Scythians (Yue Tchi) occupy East Iran, 192.
5. Internal agencies: revolt of Jews, Parthians, Armenians, 191, 192.
II. POLICY AND PROBLEMS OF THE SELEUCIDS
195-214
1. Seleucus I, heir of Alexander's ideas, 195.
2. Founding of city-states, 196.
3. Priestly communities and feudal states, how treated, 197.
4. Royal villages, how managed, 203, 205.
5. Land either property of king or of city-states, 204.
6. City-states, how far they Hellenized Asia, 206.
7. Relations of king to city-states, 208.
8. Comparison of Syria and Italy, 210.
9. Policy of Antiochus IV: conflict with Jews; submission to Rome, 212.
VII.
I. RELATION OF MACEDON TO HELLAS
II. MACEDONIAN CONTRIBUTION TO ROME
215-216
1. War, 215.
2. Government—a constitutional and not an absolute monarchy, 216.
3. Culture, 216.
III. MACEDONIAN OPPOSITION TO ROME
217-218
IV. EARLY HISTORY OF THE ANTIGONIDS
218-222
1. Antigonus I—the exponent of unity in Græco-Macedonian world, 218.
2. Demetrius Poliorcetes—the adventurer, 219.
3. Antigonus and Demetrius not really kings of Macedon, 220.
V. ANTIGONUS GONATAS
222-234
1. Training got in Greece and Macedon, 222.
2. Peace with Asia and Egypt, 223.
3. Protected Greece from northern barbarians, 224.
a. Inroad of Pyrrhus, 223.
4. Governs Greece by "tyrannies," 224.
5. Stoic justification of "tyranny," 225.
6. Ptolemy Philadelphus opposes Antigonus in Greece, 226.
7. Rise of the ethne, 228.
8. Struggle with Egypt for sea power, 229.
a. Aratus seizes Sicyon: Alexander rebels, 230.
b. The Laodicean War saves Antigonus, 231.
c. Possessions of Antigonus at end of struggle, 233.
VI. POSITION OF ACHÆA, ÆTOLIA, AND EGYPT AT THE END OF STRUGGLE
VII. THE FEDERAL MOVEMENT
235-240
1. Ethne become leagues, 236.
2. The city-state the federal unit, 237.
3. The league lacks an hegemon, 238.
4. Monarchical traits, 239.
5. Relation of federal to local authorities, 239.
VIII. DEMETRIUS II
240-241
1. War with Achæans and Ætolians, 241.
IX. FALL OF THE ACHÆAN LEAGUE
241-242
1. Treachery of the Ætolians, 241.
2. Desertion of Egypt, 242.
3. Policy of Antigonus Doson, 242.
4. Cleomenes of Sparta, 242.
X. THE HELLENIC LEAGUE OF ANTIGONUS DOSON
242-245
1. Leagues, not cities, the units, 243.
2. Macedon a unit, 243.
3. League assemblies recognized as sovereign authorities, 244.
4. Military weakness, 244.
XI. PHILIP IV AND THE LEAGUE
245-248
1. The Social War, 246.
2. The Roman peril: speech of Agelaus of Naupactus, 246.
3. End of Hellenic independence, 248.
GREEK IMPERIALISM
