Index.
Abdication of kings in favour of their infant children, 19, 20
Abduction of souls by demons, 58sqq.
changes in their language, 360
Abnormal mental states accounted inspiration, 248
Abortion, superstition as to woman who has procured, 153
Absence and recall of the soul, 30sqq.
Achilles, 261
Acts, tabooed, 101sqq.
Adivi or forest Gollas, the, 149
Aetolians, the, 311
Africa, fetish kings in West, 22sqq.;
names of animals and things tabooed in, 400sq.
Agutainos, the, 144
Air, prohibition to be uncovered in the open, 3, 14
Akamba, the, 204
auricular confession among the, 214
Albanians of the Caucasus, 349
Alberti, L., 220
Alcmena and Hercules, 298sq.
Alfoors of Celebes, 33;
of Minahassa, 63sq.
Amenophis III., his birth represented on the monuments, 28
American Indians, their fear of naming the dead, 351sqq.
Ammon, Hanun, King of, 273
Amoy, 59
Amulets, knots used as, 306sqq.;
rings as, 314sqq.
Ancestors, names of, bestowed on their reincarnations, 368sq.;
reborn in their descendants, 368sq.
Ancestral spirits, cause sickness, 53;
sacrifices to, 104
Andaman Islanders, 183n.
Andania, mysteries of, 227n.
Angakok, Esquimaux wizard or sorcerer, 211, 212
Angoni, the, 174
Animals injured through their shadows, 81sq.;
propitiation of spirits of slain, 190, 204sq.;
atonement for slain, 207;
dangerous, not called by their proper names, 396sqq.;
thought to understand human speech, 398sq., 400
Animism passing into religion, 213
Anklets as amulets, 315
Annamites, the, 235
Anointment of priests at installation, 14
Antambahoaka, the, 216
Ants, bites of, used in purificatory ceremony, 105
Apaches, the, 182, 184, 325, 328
Apollo, purification of, 223n.1
Apuleius, 270
Arab mode of cursing an enemy, 312
Ares, men sacred to, 111
Arikaras, the, 161
Aristeas of Proconnesus, 34
Army under arms, prohibition to see, 13
Arrows to keep off death, 31
Arunta, their belief as to the ghosts of the slain, 177sq.;
ceremonies at the end of mourning among the, 373sq.
Arval Brothers, 226
Aryans, the primitive, their theory of personal names, 319
Ashes strewn on the head, 112
Ash-tree, parings of nails buried under an, 276
Assam, taboos observed by headmen in, 11;
hill tribes of, 323
Astarte at Hierapolis, 286
Aston, W. G., 2n.2
Astrolabe Bay, 289
Athens, kings at, 21sq.;
ritual of cursing at, 75
Atonement for slain animals, 207
Attiuoindarons, the, 366
Atua, ancestral spirit, 134, 265
Augur's staff at Rome, 313
[pg 428]
Auricular confession, 214
Aurohuaca Indians, 215
Australian aborigines;
their conception of the soul, 27;
personal names kept secret among the, 320sqq.;
their fear of naming the dead, 349sqq.
Aversion of spirits and fairies to iron, 229, 232sq.
Avoidance of common words to deceive spirits or other beings, 416sqq.
Aymara Indians, the, 97
Aztecs, the, 249;
their priests, 259
Babylonian witches and wizards, 302
Bad Country, the, 109
Badham, Dr., 156n.
Baduwis, the, of Java, 115sq., 232
Bag, souls collected in a, 63sq.
—— fishermen, taboos observed by, 194sq. See also Uganda
Bagba, a fetish, 5
Bageshu, the, 174
Bahima, the, 183n.;
names of their dead kings not mentioned, 375
Bahnars of Cochin-China, 52, 58
Baking, continence observed at, 201
Balder, Norse god, 305n.1
Ba-Lua, the, 330
Banana-trees, fruit-bearing, hair deposited under, 286
Bandages to prevent the escape of the soul, 32, 71
Bangkok, 90
Baoules, the, 70
Ba-Pedi, the, 141, 153, 163, 202
Baron, R., 380
Baronga, the, 272
Basagala, the, 361
Basket, souls gathered into a, 72
Basutos, burial custom of the, 107;
purification of warriors among the, 172
Bathing (washing) as a ceremonial purification, 141, 142, 150, 153, 168, 169, 172, 173, 175, 179, 183, 192, 198, 219, 220, 222, 285, 286
Ba-Thonga, the, 141, 154, 163, 202
Battas or Bataks of Sumatra, 34, 45, 46, 65, 116, 296
Bavili, the, 78
Bawenda, the, 243
Bayazid, the Sultan, and his soul, 50
Beans, prohibition to touch or name, 13sq.
Bear, the polar, taboos concerning, 209;
customs observed by Lapps after killing a, 221
Bears not to be called by their proper names, 397sq., 399, 402
Bechuanas, purification of manslayers among the, 172sq., 174
Bed, feet of, smeared with mud, 14;
prohibition to sleep in a, 194
Beef and milk not to be eaten at the same meal, 292
Beer, continence observed at brewing, 200
Bells as talismans, 235
Bentley, R., 33n.3
Besisis, the, 87
Beveridge, P., 363sq.
Bird, soul conceived as a, 33sqq.
Birds, ghosts of slain as, 177sq.;
cause headache through clipped hair, 270sq., 282
Birth from a golden image, pretence of, 113;
premature, 213. See Miscarriage
Bismarck Archipelago, 128
Bites of ants used as purificatory ceremony, 105
Blackening faces of warriors, 163;
Blackfoot Indians, 159n.
Black Mountain of southern France, 42
—— ox or black ram in magic, 154
Bladders, annual festival of, among the Esquimaux, 206sq., 228
“Blessers” or sacred kings, 125n.
Blood put on doorposts, 15;
of slain, supposed effect of it on the slayer, 169;
smeared on person as a purification, 104, 115, 219;
drawn from bodies of manslayers, 176, 180;
tabooed, 239sqq.;
not eaten, 240sq.;
soul in the, 240, 241, 247, 250;
of game poured out, 241;
royal, not to be shed on the ground, 241sqq.;
unwillingness to shed, 243, 246sq.;
received on bodies of kinsfolk, 244sq.;
drops of, effaced, 245sq.;
horror of, 245;
of chief sacred, 248;
of women, dread of, 250sq.
—— of childbirth, supposed dangerous infection of, 152sqq.;
received on heads of friends or slaves, 245
—— -lickers, 246
Blowing upon knots, as a charm, 302, 304
Boa-constrictor, purification of man who has killed a, 221sq.
Boars, wild, not to be called by their proper names, 411, 415
Bodia or Bodio, a West African pontiff or fetish king, 14sq., 23
Bodies, souls transferred to other, 49
Bodos, the, of Assam, 285
Boiled flesh tabooed, 185
[pg 429]
Bolang Mongondo, a district in Celebes, 53, 279, 341
Bonds, no man in bonds allowed in priest's house, 14
Bones of human bodies which have been eaten, special treatment of, 189sq.;
of the dead, their treatment after the decay of the flesh, 372n.5;
of dead disinterred and scraped, 373n.
Boobies, the, 8sq.
Born again, pretence of being, 113
Bornu, Sultan of, 120
Bourke, Captain J. G., 184
Box, strayed soul caught in, 45, 70, 76
Bracelets as amulets, 315
Brahman student, his cut hair and nails, 277
Brahmans, their common and secret names, 322
Branches used in exorcism, 109
Breath of chief sacred, 136, 256
Breathing on a person as a mode of purification, 149
Brewing, continence observed at, 200, 201sq.
Bribri Indians, their ideas as to the uncleanness of women, 147, 149
Bride and bridegrooms, all knots on their garments unloosed, 299sq.
Bronze employed in expiatory rites, 226n.6;
priests to be shaved with, 226
—— knife to cut priest's hair, 14
Brother and sister not allowed to mention each other's names, 344
Brothers-in-law, their names not to be pronounced, 338, 342, 343, 344, 345
Buddha, Footprint of, 275
Building shadows into foundations, 89sq.
Bukuru, unclean, 147
Bulgarian building custom, 89
Burghead, 230
Burial under a running stream, 15
—— customs to prevent the escape of the soul, 51, 52
Burials, customs as to shadows at, 80sq.
Burma, kings of, 375
Burmese conception of the soul as a butterfly, 51sq.
Burning cut hair and nails to prevent them being used in sorcery, 281sqq.
Buryat shaman, his mode of recovering lost souls, 56sq.
Butterfly, the soul as a, 29n.1, 51sq.
Caffre customs at circumcision, 156sq.
Caffres, “women's speech” among the, 335sq.
Calabar, fetish king at, 22sq.
Calabashes, souls shut up in, 72
Calchaquis Indians, 31
Californian Indians, 352
Cambodia, kings of, 376
Camden, W., 68
Campbell, J., 384
Camphor, special language employed by searchers for, 405sqq.
Canelos Indians, 97
Cannibalism at hair-cutting, 264
Cannibals, taboos imposed on, among the Kwakiutl, 188sqq.
Canoe, fish offered to, 195
Canoes, continence observed at building, 202
Captives killed and eaten, 179sq.
Carayahis, the, 348
Caribou, taboos concerning, 208
Caribs, difference of language between men and women among the, 348
Caroline Islands, 25, 193, 290, 293
Caron's Account of Japan, 4n.2
Catat, Dr., 98
Catlin, G., 182
Cats with stumpy tails, reason of, 128sq.
Cattle, continence observed for sake of, 204;
protected against wolves by charms, 307
Caul-fat extracted by Australian enemies, 303
“Cauld airn,” 233
Cazembes, the, 132
hooking souls in, 30
Celibacy of holy milkmen, 15, 16
Ceremonial purity observed in war, 157
Ceremonies at the reception of strangers, 102sqq.;
at entering a strange land, 109sqq.;
purificatory, on return from a journey, 111sqq.;
observed after slaughter of panthers, lions, bears, serpents, etc., 219sqq.;
at hair-cutting, 264sqq.
Cetchwayo, King, 377
Change of language caused by taboo on the names of the dead, 358sqq., 375;
caused by taboo on names of chiefs and kings, 375, 376sqq.
—— of names to deceive ghosts, 354sqq.
Charms to facilitate childbirth, 295sq.
Chastity. See Continence
Chegilla, taboo, 137
Cheremiss, the, 391
Cherokee sorcery with spittle, 287sq.
Chiefs, foods tabooed to, 291, 292;
names of, tabooed, 376sq., 378sq., 381, 382
—— and kings tabooed, 131sqq.
—— sacred, not allowed to leave their [pg 430] enclosures, 124;
regarded as dangerous, 138
Child and father, supposed danger of resemblance between, 88sq.
Child's nails bitten off, 262
Childbed, taboos imposed on women in, 147sqq.
Childbirth, precautions taken with mother at, 32, 33;
women tabooed at, 147sqq.;
confession of sins as a means of expediting, 216sq.;
women after, their hair shaved and burnt, 284;
homoeopathic magic to facilitate, 295sqq.;
knots untied at, 294, 296sq., 297sq.
Children, young, tabooed, 262, 283;
parents named after their, 331sqq.
China, custom at funerals in, 80;
Chitomé or Chitombé, a pontiff of Congo, 5sq., 7
Chittagong, 297
Choctaws, the, 181
Chuckchees, the, 358
Circumcision customs among the Caffres, 156sq.;
performed with flints, not iron, 227;
in Australia, 244
Circumlocutions adopted to avoid naming the dead, 350, 351, 354, 355;
employed by reapers, 412
Cities, guardian deities of, evoked by enemies, 391
Clasping of hands forbidden, 298
Clavie, the, at Burghead, 229sq.
Cleanliness fostered by superstition, 130;
personal, observed in war, 157, 158n.1
Clippings of hair, magic wrought through, 268sqq., 275, 277, 278sq.
Clotaire, 259
Clothes of sacred persons tabooed, 131
Cloths used to catch souls, 46, 47, 48, 52, 53, 64, 67, 75sq.
Clotilde, Queen, 259
Cobra, ceremonies after killing a, 222sq.
Coco-nut oil made by chaste women, 201
Codjour, a priestly king, 132n.1
Coins, portraits of kings not stamped on, 98sq.
Comanches, the, 360
Combing the hair forbidden, 187, 203, 208, 264;
thought to cause storms, 271
Combs of sacred persons, 256
Common objects, names of, changed when they are the names of the dead, 358sqq., 375, or the names of chiefs and kings, 375, 376sqq.
—— words tabooed, 392sqq.
Concealment of miscarriage in childbed, supposed effects of, 152sqq.
Concealment of personal names from fear of magic, 320sqq.
Conciliating the spirits of the land, 110sq.
Conduct, standard of, shifted from natural to supernatural basis, 213sq.
Confession of sins, 114, 191, 195, 211sq., 214sqq.;
originally a magical ceremony, 217
Connaught, kings of, 11sq.
Consummation of marriage prevented by knots and locks, 299sqq.
Contagious magic, 246, 268, 272
Continence enjoined on people during the rounds of sacred pontiff, 5;
of Zapotec priests, 6;
of priests, 159n.
—— observed on eve of period of taboo, 11;
by those who have handled the dead, 142;
during war, 157, 158n.1, 161, 163, 164, 165;
after victory, 166sqq., 175, 178, 179, 181;
by cannibals, 188;
by fishers and hunters, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 207;
by workers in salt-pans, 200;
at brewing beer, wine, and poison, 200sq., 201sq.;
at baking, 201;
at making coco-nut oil, 201;
at building canoes, 202;
at house-building, 202;
at making or repairing dams, 202;
on trading voyages, 203;
after festivals, 204;
on journeys, 204;
while cattle are at pasture, 204;
by lion-killers and bear-killers, 220, 221;
before handling holy relics, 272;
by tabooed men, 293
Cooking, taboos as to, 147sq., 156, 165, 169, 178, 185, 193, 194, 198, 209, 221, 256
Cords, knotted, in magic, 302, 303sq.
Corea, clipped hair burned in, 283
—— kings of, 125;
not to be touched with iron, 226
Corpses, knots not allowed about, 310
Cousins, male and female, not allowed to mention each other's names, 344
Covenant, spittle used in making a, 290
Covering up mirrors at a death, 94sq.
Cow bewitched, 93
Cowboy of the king of Unyoro, 159n.
Creek Indians, the, 156;
their war customs, 161
Crevaux, J., 105
Criminals shaved as a mode of purification, 287
Crocodiles not called by their proper names, 403, 410, 411, 415sq.
Crossing of legs forbidden, 295, 298sq.
Crown, imperial, as palladium, 4
Crystals used in divination, 56
Curr, E. M., 320sq.
Cursing at Athens, ritual of, 75
—— an enemy, Arab mode of, 312
[pg 431]
Curtains to conceal kings, 120sq.
Cut hair and nails, disposal of, 267sqq.
Cuts made in the body as a mode of expelling demons or ghosts, 106sq.;
in bodies of manslayers, 174, 176, 180;
in bodies of slain, 176. See also Incisions
Cutting the hair a purificatory ceremony, 283sqq.
Cynaetha, people of, 188
Cyzicus, council chamber at, 230
Dacotas, the, 181
Dahomey, the King of, 9;
royal family of, 243;
kings of, their “strong names,” 374
Dairi, the, or Mikado of Japan, 2, 4
Dairies, sacred, of the Todas, 15sqq.
Dairymen, sacred, of the Todas, 15sqq.
Damaras, the, 247
Dams, continence at making or repairing, 202
Dance of king, 123;
of successful head-hunters, 166
Dances of victory, 169, 170, 178, 182
Danger of being overshadowed by certain birds or people, 82sq.;
supposed, of portraits and photographs, 96sqq.;
supposed to attend contact with divine or sacred persons, such as chiefs and kings, 132, 138
Darfur, 81;
Sultan of, 120
Dassera, festival of the, 316
Daughter-in-law, her name not to be pronounced, 338
David and the King of Moab, 273
Dawson, J., 347sq.
Dead, sacrifices to the, 15, 88;
taboos on persons who have handled the, 138sqq.;
souls of the dead all malignant, 145;
names of the dead tabooed, 349sqq.;
to name the dead a serious crime, 352;
names of the dead not borne by the living, 354;
reincarnation or resurrection of the dead in their namesakes, 365sqq.;
—— body, prohibition to touch, 14
Death, natural, of sacred king or priest, supposed fatal consequences of, 6, 7;
kept off by arrows, 31;
mourners forbidden to sleep in house after a death, 37;
custom of covering up mirrors at a, 94sq.;
from imagination, 135sqq.
Debt of civilisation to savagery, 421sq.
De Groot, J. J. M., 390
Demons, abduction of souls by, 58sqq.;
of disease expelled by pungent spices, pricks, and cuts, 105sq.;
and ghosts averse to iron, 232sqq.
Devils, abduction of souls by, 58sqq.
Dido, her magical rites, 312
Diet of kings and priests regulated, 291sqq.
Dieterich, A., 369n.3
Difference of language between husbands and wives, 347sq.;
between men and women, 348sq.
Diminution of shadow regarded with apprehension, 86sq.
Dio Chrysostom, on fame as a shadow, 86sq.
Diodorus Siculus, 12sq.
Dionysus in the city, festival of, 316
Disease, demons of, expelled by pungent spices, pricks, and cuts, 105sq.
Disenchanting strangers, various modes of, 102sqq.
Dishes, effect of eating out of sacred, 4;
of sacred persons tabooed, 131. See Vessels
Disposal of cut hair and nails, 267sqq.
Divination by shoulder-blades of sheep, 229
Divinities, human, bound by many rules, 419sq.
Divorce of spiritual from temporal power, 17sqq.
Dobrizhoffer, Father M., 328, 360
Dog, prohibition to touch or name, 13
Dogs, bones of game kept from, 206;
unclean, 206;
tigers called, 402
Dolls or puppets employed for the restoration of souls to their bodies, 53sqq., 62sq.
Doorposts, blood put on, 15
Doors opened to facilitate childbirth, 296, 297;
to facilitate death, 309
Doubles, spiritual, of men and animals, 28sq.
Doutté, E., 390
Dreams, absence of soul in, 36sqq.;
belief of savages in the reality of, 36sq.;
omens drawn from, 161
Drinking and eating, taboos on, 116sqq.;
modes of drinking for tabooed persons, 117sqq., 120, 143, 146, 147, 148, 160, 182, 183, 185, 189, 197, 198, 256
Drought supposed to be caused by a concealed miscarriage, 153sq.
Dugong fishing, taboos in connexion with, 192
Dyaks, the Sea, 30;
their modes of recalling the soul, 47sq., 52sq., 55sq., 60, 67;
taboos observed by head-hunters among the, 166sq.
Eagle, soul in form of, 34
—— -hunters, taboos observed by, 198sq.
[pg 432]
Eagle-wood, special language employed by searchers for, 404
Eating out of sacred vessels, supposed effect of, 4
—— and drinking, taboos on, 116sqq.;
fear of being seen in the act of, 117sqq.
Eggs offered to demons, 110;
reason for breaking shells of, 129sq.
Egypt, rules of life observed by ancient kings of, 12sq.
Egyptian magicians, their power of compelling the deities, 389sq.
Egyptians, the ancient, their conception of the soul, 28;
their practice as to souls of the dead, 68sq.;
personal names among, 322
Elder brother, his name not to be pronounced, 341
Elder-tree, cut hair and nails inserted in an, 275sq.
Elephant-hunters, special language employed by, 404
Eleusinian priests, their names sacred, 382sq.
Elfin race averse to iron, 232sq.
Emetic as mode of purification, 175, 245;
pretended, in auricular confession, 214
Emin Pasha, 108
Epidemics attributed to evil spirits, 30
Epimenides, the Cretan seer, 50n.2
Esquimaux, their conception of the soul, 27;
their dread of being photographed, 96;
or Inuit, taboos observed by hunters among the, 205sq.;
namesakes of the dead among the, 371
Ethical evolution, 218sq.
—— precepts developed out of savage taboos, 214
Ethiopia, kings of, 124
Euphemisms employed for certain animals, 397sqq.;
for smallpox, 400, 410, 411, 416
Europe, south-eastern, superstitions as to shadows in, 89sq.
Evil eye, the, 116sq.
Ewe-speaking peoples of the Slave Coast, 9;
rebirth of ancestors among the, 369
Execution, peculiar modes of, for members of royal families, 241sqq.
Executioners, customs observed by, 171sq., 180sq.
Exorcising harmful influence of strangers, 102sqq.
Eye, the evil, 116sq.
Eyeos, the, 9
Faces veiled to avert evil influences, 120sqq.;
of warriors blackened, 163;
of manslayers blackened, 169
Fàdy, taboo, 327
Fafnir and Sigurd, 324
Fairies averse to iron, 229, 232sq.
Fasting, custom of, 157n.2, 159n., 161, 162, 163, 182, 183, 189, 198, 199
Father and child, supposed danger of resemblance between, 88sq.
—— and mother, their names not to be mentioned, 337, 341
—— in-law, his name not to be pronounced by his daughter-in-law, 335sqq., 343, 345, 346;
by his son-in-law, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344
Fathers named after their children, 331sqq.
Faunus, consultation of, 314
Feast of Yams, 123
Feathers worn by manslayers, 180, 186n.1
Feet, not to wet the, 159. See also Foot
Fernando Po, taboos observed by the kings of, 8sq., 115, 123, 291
Festival of the Dead among the Hurons, 367
Fetish or taboo rajah, 24
—— kings in West Africa, 22sqq.
Fever, euphemism for, 400
“Field speech,” a special jargon employed by reapers, 410sq., 411sq.
Fiji, catching away souls in, 69;
War King and Sacred King in, 21;
custom as to remains of food in, 117
Fijian chief, supposed effect of using his dishes or clothes, 131
—— conception of the soul, 29sq., 92
—— custom of frightening away ghosts, 170
—— notion of absence of the soul in dreams, 39sq.
Fingers cut off as a sacrifice, 161
Finnish hunters, 398
Fire, rule as to removing fire from priest's house, 13;
prohibition to blow the fire with the breath, 136, 256;
in purificatory rites, 108, 109, 111, 114, 197;
new, made by friction, 286
—— and Water, kingships of, 17
Firefly, soul in form of, 67
First-fruits, offering of, 5
Fish-traps, continence observed at making, 202
Fishermen, words tabooed by, 394sq., 396, 408sq., 415
Fishers and hunters tabooed, 190sqq.
Fison, Rev. Lorimer, 30n.1, 40n.1, 92n.3, 131n.2
Fits and convulsions set down to demons, 59
Flamen Dialis, taboos observed by the, 13sq., 239, 248, 257, 275, 291, 293, 315sq.
[pg 433]
Flaminica, rules observed by the, 14
Flannan Islands, 392
Flesh, boiled, not to be eaten by tabooed persons, 185;
diet restricted or forbidden, 291sqq.
Flints, not iron, cuts to be made with, 176;
use of, prescribed in ritual, 176;
sharp, circumcision performed with, 227
Fly, soul in form of, 39
Food, remnants of, buried as a precaution against sorcery, 118, 119, 127sq., 129;
magic wrought by means of refuse of, 126sqq.;
taboos on leaving food over, 127sqq.;
not to be touched with hands, 138sqq., 146sqq., 166, 167, 168, 169, 174, 203, 265;
objection to have food over head, 256, 257
Foods tabooed, 291sqq.
Foot, custom of going with only one foot shod, 311sqq. See also Feet
Footprint in magic, 74;
of Buddha, 275
Forgetfulness, pretence of, 189
Forks used in eating by tabooed persons, 148, 168, 169, 203
Fors, the, of Central Africa, 281
Foundation sacrifices, 89sqq.
Fowl used in exorcism, 106
Fowlers, words tabooed by, 393, 407sq.
Foxes not to be mentioned by their proper names, 396, 397
Frankish kings, their unshorn hair, 258sq.
Fresh meat tabooed, 143
Fumigation as a mode of ceremonial purification, 155, 177
Funerals in China, custom as to shadows at, 80. See also Burial, Burials
Furfo, 230
Gabriel, the archangel, 302, 303
Gangas, fetish priests, 291
Garments, effect of wearing sacred, 4
Gates, sacrifice of human beings at foundations of, 90sq.
Gatschet, A. S., 363
Gauntlet, running the, 222
Genitals of murdered people eaten, 190n.2
Getae, priestly kings of the, 21
Ghost of husband kept from his widow, 143;
fear of evoking the ghost by mentioning his name, 349sqq.;
chased into the grave at the end of mourning, 373sq.
Ghosts, sacrifices to, 56, 247;
draw away the souls of their kinsfolk, 51sqq.;
draw out men's shadows, 80;
as guardians of gates, 90sq.;
kept off by thorns, 142;
and demons averse to iron, 232sqq.;
fear of wounding, 237sq.;
swept out of house, 238;
names changed in order to deceive ghosts or to avoid attracting their attention, 354sqq.
Ghosts of animals, dread of, 223
—— of the slain haunt their slayers, 165sqq.;
fear of the, 165sqq.;
sacrifices to, 166;
scaring away the, 168, 170, 171, 172, 174sq.;
as birds, 177sq.
Gilyaks, the, 370
Ginger in purificatory rites, 105, 151
Gingiro, kingdom of, 18
Girls at puberty obliged to touch everything in house, 225n.;
their hair torn out, 284
Goat, prohibition to touch or name, 13;
transference of guilt to, 214sq.
—— -sucker, shadow of the, 82
God, “the most great name” of, 390
—— -man a source of danger, 132;
bound by many rules, 419sq.
Gods, their names tabooed, 387sqq.;
Xenophanes on the, 387;
human, bound by many rules, 419sq. See also Myths
Gold excluded from some temples, 226n.8
—— and silver as totems, 227n.
—— mines, spirits of the, treated with deference, 409sq.
Goldie, H., 22
Gollas, the, 149
Good Friday, 229
Goorkhas, the, 316
Gordian knot, 316sq.
Gran Chaco, Indians of the, 37, 38, 357
Grandfathers, grandsons named after their deceased, 370
Grandidier, A., 380sq.
Grandmothers, granddaughters named after their deceased, 370
Grass knotted as a charm, 305, 310
Grave, soul fetched from, 54
—— -clothes, no knots in, 310
—— -diggers, taboos observed by, 141, 142
Graves, food offered on, 53;
water poured on, as a rain-charm, 154sq.
Great Spirit, sacrifice of fingers to the, 161
Grebo people of Sierra Leone, 14
Greek conception of the soul, 29n.1
—— customs as to manslayers, 188
Grey, Sir George, 364sq.
Grihya-Sûtras, 277
Grimm, J., 305n.1
Ground, prohibition to touch the, 3, 4, 6;
not to sit on the, 159, 162, 163;
not to set foot on, 180;
royal blood not to be shed on the, 241sqq.
Guardian deities of cities, 391
[pg 434]
Guaycurus, the, 357
Guiana, Indians of, 324
Gypsy superstition about portraits, 100
Haida medicine-men, 31
Hair, mode of cutting the Mikado's, 3;
cut with bronze knife, 14;
of manslayers shaved, 175, 176;
of slain enemy, fetish made from, 183;
not to be combed, 187, 203, 208, 264;
tabooed, 258sqq.;
of kings, priests, and wizards unshorn, 258sqq.;
regarded as the seat of a god or spirit, 258, 259, 263;
kept unshorn at certain times, 260sqq.;
offered to rivers, 261;
of children unshorn, 263;
magic wrought through clippings of, 268sqq., 275, 277, 278sq.;
cut or combed out may cause rain and thunderstorms, 271, 272, 282;
clippings of, used as hostages, 272sq.;
infected by virus of taboo, 283sq.;
cut as a purificatory ceremony, 283sqq.;
of women after childbirth shaved and burnt, 284;
loosened at childbirth, 297sq.;
loosened in magical and religious ceremonies, 310sq.
—— and nails of sacred persons not cut, 3, 4, 16
—— and nails, cut, disposal of, 267sqq.;
deposited on or under trees, 14, 275sq., 286;
deposited in sacred places, 274sqq.;
stowed away in any secret place, 276sqq.;
kept for use at the resurrection, 279sqq.;
burnt to prevent them from falling into the hands of sorcerers, 281sqq.
—— -cutting, ceremonies at, 264sqq.
Hands tabooed, 138, 140sqq., 146sqq., 158, 159n., 265;
food not to be touched with, 138sqq., 146sqq., 166, 167, 168, 169, 174, 265;
defiled, 174;
not to be clasped, 298
Hanun, King of Moab, 273
customs as to chiefs and shadows in, 255
Head, stray souls restored to, 47, 48, 52, 53sq., 64, 67;
prohibition to touch the, 142, 183, 189, 252sq., 254, 255sq.;
plastered with mud, 182;
the human, regarded as sacred, 252sqq.;
tabooed, 252sqq.;
supposed to be the residence of spirits, 252;
objection to have any one overhead, 253sqq.;
washing the, 253
—— -hunters, customs of, 30, 36, 71sq., 111, 166sq., 169sq.
Headache caused by clipped hair, 270sq., 282
Heads of manslayers shaved, 177
Hearne, S., quoted, 184sqq.
Hebesio, god of thunder, 257
Hercules and Alcmena, 298sq.
Hermotimus of Clazomenae, 50
Hidatsa Indians, taboos observed by eagle-hunters among the, 198sq.
Hierapolis, temple of Astarte at, 286
Hiro, thief-god, 69
Historical tradition hampered by the taboo on the names of the dead, 363sqq.
Holiness and pollution not differentiated by savages, 224
Hollis, A. C., 200n.3
Holy water, sprinkling with, 285sq.
Homicides. See Manslayers
Homoeopathic magic, 151, 152, 207, 295, 298
Honey-wine, continence observed at brewing, 200
Hooks to catch souls, 30sq., 51
Horse, prohibition to see a, 9;
prohibition to ride, 13
Hos of Togoland, the, 295, 301
Hostages, clipped hair used as, 272sq.
Hottentots, the, 220
House, ceremony at entering a new, 63sq.;
taboos on quitting the, 122sqq.
—— building, custom as to shadows at, 81, 89sq.;
continence observed at, 202
Howitt, A. W., 269
Huichol Indians, 197
Human gods bound by many rules, 419sq.
—— sacrifices at foundation of buildings, 90sq.
Humbe, a kingdom of Angola, 6
Hunters use knots as charms, 306;
words tabooed by, 396, 398, 399, 400, 402, 404, 410
—— and fishers tabooed, 190sqq.
Hurons, the, 366;
their conception of the soul, 27;
their Festival of the Dead, 367
Husband's ghost kept from his widow, 143
—— name not to be pronounced by his wife, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339
Husbands and wives, difference of language between, 347sq.
Ilocanes of Luzon, 44
Imagination, death from, 135sqq.
Imitative or homoeopathic magic, 295
Impurity of manslayers, 167
Incas of Peru, 279
Incisions made in bodies of warriors as a preparation for war, 161;
in bodies of slain, 176;
in bodies of manslayers, 174, 176, 180.
See also Cuts
[pg 435]
Incontinence of young people supposed to be fatal to the king, 6
India, names of animals tabooed in, 401sqq.
Indians of North America, their customs on the war-path, 158sqq.;
their fear of naming the dead, 351sqq.
Infants tabooed, 255
Infection, supposed, of lying-in women, 150sqq.
Infidelity of wife supposed to be fatal to hunter, 197
Initiation, custom of covering the mouth after, 122;
taboos observed by novices at, 141sq., 156sq.;
new names given at, 320
Injury to a man's shadow conceived as an injury to the man, 78sqq.
Inspiration, primitive theory of, 248
Intercourse with wives enjoined before war, 164n.1;
enjoined on manslayers, 176. See also Continence
Intoxication accounted inspiration, 248, 249, 250
Inuit. See Esquimaux
Ireland, taboos observed by the ancient kings of, 11sq.
Irish custom as to a fall, 68;
as to friends' blood, 244sq.
Iron not to be touched, 167;
used as a charm against spirits, 232sqq.
—— instruments, use of, tabooed, 205, 206
—— rings as talismans, 235
Isis and Ra, 387sqq.
Israelites, rules of ceremonial purity observed by the Israelites in war, 157sq., 177
Issini, the, 171
Itonamas, the, 31
Ivy, prohibition to touch or name, 13sq.
Ja-Luo, the, 79
Jackals, tigers called, 402, 403
Jackson, Professor Henry, 21n.3
Japan, the Mikado of, 2sqq.;
Kaempfer's history of, 3n.2;
Caron's account of, 4n.2
Jars, souls conjured into, 70
Jason and Pelias, 311sq.
Jebu, the king of, 121
Jewish hunters, their customs as to blood of game, 241
Jinn, the servants of their magical names, 390
Journey, purificatory ceremonies on return from a, 111sqq.;
continence observed on a, 204;
hair kept unshorn on a, 261
Jumping over wife or children as a ceremony, 112, 164n.1
Juno Lucina, 294
Jupiter Liber, temple of, at Furfo, 230
Ka, the ancient Egyptian, 28
Kachins of Burma, 200
Kaempfer's History of Japan, 3sq.
Kafirs of the Hindoo Koosh, 13n.6, 14n.2
Kalamba, the, a chief in the Congo region, 114
Kami, the Japanese word for god, 2n.2
Kamtchatkans, their attempts to deceive mice, 399
Karaits, the, 95
Karen-nis of Burma, the, 13
Karens, the Red, of Burma, 292;
their recall of the soul, 43;
their customs at funerals, 51
Karo-Bataks, 52. See also Battas
Katikiro, the, of Uganda, 145n.4
Kavirondo, 176
Kayans of Borneo, 32, 47, 110, 164, 239
Kei Islanders, 53
Key as symbol of delivery in childbed, 296
Keys as charms against devils and ghosts, 234, 235, 236;
as amulets, 308. See also Locks
Khonds, rebirth of ancestors among the, 368sq.
Kickapoos, the, 171
Kidd, Dudley, 88n.
King not to be overshadowed, 83
—— of the Night, 23
King's Evil, the, 134
Kings, supernatural powers attributed to, 1;
beaten before their coronation, 18;
forbidden to see their mothers, 86;
portraits of, not stamped on coins, 98sq.;
guarded against the magic of strangers, 114sq.;
forbidden to use foreign goods, 115;
not to be seen eating and drinking, 117sqq.;
concealed by curtains, 120sq.;
forbidden to leave their palaces, 122sqq.;
compelled to dance, 123;
punished or put to death, 124;
not to be touched, 132, 225sq.;
their hair unshorn, 258sq.;
foods tabooed to, 291sq.;
names of, tabooed, 374sqq.;
taboos observed by, identical with those observed by commoners, 419sq.
Kings and chiefs tabooed, 131sqq.;
their spittle guarded against sorcerers, 289sq.
—— fetish or religious, in West Africa, 22sqq.
[pg 436]
Kingsley, Miss Mary H., 22n.3, 71, 123n.2, 251
Klallam Indians, the, 354
Knife as charm against spirits, 232, 233, 234, 235
Knives not to be left edge upwards, 238;
not used at funeral banquets, 238
Knot, the Gordian, 316sq.
Knots, prohibition to wear, 13;
untied at childbirth, 294, 296sq., 297sq.;
thought to prevent the consummation of marriage, 299sqq.;
thought to cause sickness, disease, and all kinds of misfortune, 301sqq.;
used to cure disease, 303sqq.;
used to win a lover or capture a runaway slave, 305sq.;
used as protective amulets, 306sqq.;
used as charms by hunters and travellers, 306;
as a charm to protect corn from devils, 308sq.;
on corpses untied, 310
—— and locks, magical virtue of, 310, 313
—— and rings tabooed, 293sqq.
Koita, the, 168
Koryak, the, 32
Kruijt, A. C., 319
Kublai Khan, 242
Kukulu, a priestly king, 5
Kwakiutl, the, 53;
customs observed by cannibals among the, 188sqq.;
change of names in summer and winter among the, 386
Kwun, the spirit of the head, 252;
supposed to reside in the hair, 266sq.
Lafitau, J. F., 365sq.
Lampong in Sumatra, 10
Lamps to light the ghosts to their old homes, 371
Language of husbands and wives, difference between, 347sq.;
of men and women, difference between, 348sq.
—— change of, caused by taboo on the names of the dead, 358sqq., 375;
caused by taboo on the names of chiefs and kings, 375, 376sqq.
—— special, employed by hunters, 396, 398, 399, 400, 402, 404, 410;
employed by searchers for eagle-wood and lignum aloes, 404;
employed by searchers for camphor, 405sqq.;
employed by reapers at harvest, 410sq., 411sq.;
employed by sailors at sea, 413sqq.
Laos, 306
Lapps, the, 294;
their customs after killing a bear, 221;
rebirth of ancestors among the, 368
Latuka, the, 245
Leaning against a tree prohibited to warriors, 162, 163
Leavened bread, prohibition to touch, 13
Leaving food over, taboos on, 126sqq.
Leavings of food, magic wrought by means of, 118, 119, 126sqq.
Legs not to be crossed, 295, 298sq.
Leinster, kings of, 11
Leleen, the, 129
Lengua Indians of the Gran Chaco, 38, 357
Leonard, A. G., Major, 136sq.
Lesbos, building custom in, 89
Lewis, Rev. Thomas, 420n.1
Limbs, amputated, kept by the owners against the resurrection, 281
Lion-killer, purification of, 176, 220
Lions not called by their proper names, 400
Lithuanians, the old, their funeral banquets, 238
Liver, induration of the, attributed to touching sacred chief, 133
Lizard, soul in form of, 38
Loango, taboos observed by kings of, 8, 9;
taboos observed by heir to throne of, 291
—— king of, forbidden to see a white man's house, 115;
not to be seen eating or drinking, 117sq.;
confined to his palace, 123;
refuse of his food buried, 129
Locks unlocked at childbirth, 294, 296;
thought to prevent the consummation of marriage, 299;
unlocked to facilitate death, 309
—— and knots, magical virtue of, 309sq. See also Keys
Lolos, the, 43
Look back, not to, 157
Loom, men not allowed to touch a, 164
Loss of the shadow regarded as ominous, 88
Lovers won by knots, 305
Lucan, 390
Lucky names, 391n.1
Lycaeus, sanctuary of Zeus on Mount, 88
Lycosura, sanctuary of the Mistress at, 227n., 314
Lying-in women, dread of, 150sqq.;
sacred, 151
Mack, an adventurer, 19
Madagascar, names of chiefs and kings tabooed in, 378sqq.
Magic wrought by means of refuse of food, 126sqq.;
sympathetic, 126, 130, 164, 201, 204, 258, 268, 287;
homoeopathic, [pg 437] 151, 152, 207, 295, 298;
wrought through clippings of hair, 268sqq., 275, 277, 278sq.;
wrought on a man through his name, 318, 320sqq.
Magicians, Egyptian, their power of compelling the deities, 389sq.
Mahafalys of Madagascar, the, 10
Makalaka, the, 369
Makololo, the, 281
Malagasy language, dialectical variations of, 378sq., 380
Malanau tribes of Borneo, 406
Malay conception of the soul as a bird, 34sqq.
—— miners, fowlers, and fishermen, special forms of speech employed by, 407sqq.
—— Peninsula, art of abducting human souls in the, 73sqq.
Maldives, the, 274
Mandan Indians, 97
Mandelings of Sumatra, 296
Mangaia, separation of religious and civil authority in, 20
Mangaians, the, 87
Manipur, hill tribes of, 292
Mannikin, the soul conceived as a, 26sqq.
Manslayers, purification of, 165sqq.;
secluded, 165sqq.;
tabooed, 165sqq.;
haunted by ghosts of slain, 165sqq.;
their faces blackened, 169;
their bodies painted, 175, 178, 179, 180, 186n.1;
Maori chiefs, their sanctity or taboo, 134sqq.;
their heads sacred, 256
—— language, synonyms in the, 381
Maoris, persons who have handled the dead tabooed among the, 138sq.;
tabooed on the war-path, 157
Marianne Islands, 288
Mariner, W., quoted, 140
Mariners at sea, special language employed by, 413sqq.
Marquesans, the, 31;
their regard for the sanctity of the head, 254sq.;
their customs as to the hair, 261sq.;
their dread of sorcery, 268
Marquesas Islands, 178
Marriage, the consummation of, prevented by knots and locks, 299sqq.
Masai, the, 200, 309, 329, 354sq., 356, 361
Matthews, Dr. Washington, 385
Meal sprinkled to keep off evil spirits, 112
Measuring shadows, 89sq.
—— -tape deified, 91sq.
Mecca, pilgrims to, not allowed to wear knots and rings, 293sq.
Medes, law of the, 121
Mekeo district of New Guinea, 24
Men injured through their shadows, 78sqq.
—— and women, difference of language between, 348sq.
Menedemus, 227
Menstruation, women tabooed at, 145sqq.
Menstruous women, dread of, 145sqq., 206;
avoidance of, by hunters, 211
Mentras, the, 404
Merolla da Sorrento, 137
Mice thought to understand human speech, 399;
not to be called by their proper names, 399, 415
Midas and his ass's ears, 258n.1;
king of Gordium, 316
Mikado, rules of life of the, 2sqq.;
supposed effect of using his dishes or clothes, 131;
the cutting of his hair and nails, 265
Mikados, their relations to the Tycoons, 19
Miklucho-Maclay, Baron N. von, 109
Milk, custom as to drinking, 119;
prohibition to drink, 141;
not to be drunk by wounded men, 174sq.;
wine called, 249n.2;
and beef not to be eaten at the same meal, 292
Milkmen of the Todas, taboos observed by the holy, 15sqq.
Miller, Hugh, 40
Minahassa, a district of Celebes, 99;
the Alfoors of, 63
Minangkabauers of Sumatra, 32, 36, 41
Miners, special language employed by, 407, 409
Mirrors, superstitions as to, 93;
covered after a death, 94sq.
Miscarriage in childbed, dread of, 149, 152sqq.;
supposed danger of concealing a, 211, 213
Moab, Arabs of, 280;
their custom of shaving prisoners, 273
Moabites, King David's treatment of the, 273sq.
Mohammed bewitched by a Jew, 302sq.
Mongols, their recall of the soul, 44;
sacred books of the, 384
Montezuma, 121
Mooney, J., 318sqq.
Moquis, the, 228
Moral guilt regarded as a corporeal pollution, 217sq.
Morality developed out of taboo, 213sq.;
shifted from a natural to a supernatural basis, 213;
survival of savage taboos in civilised, 218sq.
Morice, A. G., 146sq.
Mosyni or Mosynoeci, the, 124
[pg 438]
Mother-in-law, the savage's dread of his, 83sqq.;
her name not to be mentioned by her son-in-law, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346
Mothers, African kings forbidden to see their, 86;
named after their children, 332, 333
Mourners, customs observed by, 31sq., 159n.;
tabooed, 138sqq.;
bodies of, smeared with mud or clay, 182n.2;
hair and nails of, cut at end of mourning, 285sq.
Mourning of slayers for the slain, 181
Mouse, soul in form of, 37, 39n.2
Mouth closed to prevent escape of soul, 31, 33;
soul in the, 33;
covered to prevent entrance of demons, etc., 122
Mud smeared on feet of bed, 14;
plastered on head, 182
Munster, kings of, 11
Murderers, taboos imposed on, 187sq.
Murrams, the, of Manipur, 292
Muysca Indians, 121
Myths of gods and spirits to be told only in spring and summer, 384;
to be told only in winter, 385sq.;
not to be told by day, 384sq.
Nails, prohibition to cut finger-nails, 194;
of children not pared, 262sq.
—— and hair, cut, disposal of, 267sqq.;
deposited in sacred places, 274sqq.;
stowed away in any secret place, 276sqq.;
kept for use at the resurrection, 279sqq.;
burnt to prevent them from falling into the hands of sorcerers, 281sqq.
Nails, iron, used as charms against fairies, demons, and ghosts, 233, 234, 236
—— parings of, used in rain-charms, 271, 272;
swallowed by treaty-makers, 246, 274
Name, the personal, regarded as a vital part of the man, 318sqq.;
identified with the soul, 319;
the same, not to be borne by two living persons, 370
Names of relations tabooed, 335sqq.;
changed to deceive ghosts, 354sqq.;
of common objects changed when they are the names of the dead, 358sqq., 375, or the names of chiefs and kings, 375, 376sqq.;
of ancestors bestowed on their reincarnations, 368sq.;
of kings and chiefs tabooed, 374sqq.;
of supernatural beings tabooed, 384sqq.;
of gods tabooed, 387sqq.;
of spirits and gods, magical virtue of, 389sqq.;
of Roman gods not to be mentioned, 391n.1;
lucky, 391n.1;
of dangerous animals not to be mentioned, 396sqq.
Names, new, given to the sick and old, 319;
new, at initiation, 320
—— of the dead tabooed, 349sqq.;
not borne by the living, 354;
revived after a time, 365sqq.
—— personal, tabooed, 318sqq.;
kept secret from fear of magic, 320sqq.;
different in summer and winter, 386
Namesakes of the dead change their names to avoid attracting the attention of the ghost, 355sqq.;
of deceased persons regarded as their reincarnations, 365sqq.
Naming the dead a serious crime, 352, 354;
of children, solemnities at the, connected with belief in the reincarnation of ancestors in their namesakes, 372
Namosi, in Fiji, 264
Nandi, the, 175, 273, 310, 330
Nanumea, island of, 102
Narbrooi, a spirit or god, 60
Narcissus and his reflection, 94
Narrinyeri, the, 126sq.
Natchez, customs of manslayers among the, 181
Nats, demons, 90
Natural death of sacred king or priest, supposed fatal consequences of, 6, 7
Navajo Indians, 112sq., 325, 385
Navel-string used to recall the soul, 48
Nazarite, vow of the, 262
Nets to catch souls, 69sq.;
New Britain, 85
—— everything, excites awe of savages, 230sqq.
—— fire made by friction, 286
—— names given to the sick and old, 319;
at initiation, 320
—— Zealand, sanctity of chiefs in, 134sqq.
Nias, island of, conception of the soul in, 29;
custom of the people of, 107;
special language of hunters in, 410;
special language employed by reapers in, 410sq.
Nicknames used in order to avoid the use of the real names, 321, 331
Nicobar Islands, customs as to shadows at burials in the, 80sq.
Nicobarese, the, 357;
changes in their language, 362sq.
Nieuwenhuis, Dr. A. W., 99
Night, King of the, 23
Nine knots in magic, 302, 303, 304
Noon, sacrifices to the dead at, 88;
superstitious dread of, 88
Nootka Indians, their idea of the soul, [pg 439] 27;
customs of girls at puberty among the, 146n.1;
their preparation for war, 160sq.
North American Indians, their dread of menstruous women, 145;
their theory of names, 318sq.
Norway, superstition as to parings of nails in, 283
Nose stopped to prevent the escape of the soul, 31, 71
Nostrils, soul supposed to escape by the, 30, 32, 33, 122
Novelties excite the awe of savages, 230sqq.
Novices at initiation, taboos observed by, 141sq., 156sq.
Nubas, the, 132
Nufoors of New Guinea, 332, 341, 415
Obscene language in ritual, 154, 155
O'Donovan, E., 304
Oesel, island of, 42
Ojebways, the, 160
Oldfield, A., 350
Omahas, customs as to murderers among the, 187
Omens, reliance on, 110
One shoe on and one shoe off, 311sqq.
Ongtong Java Islands, 107
Onitsha, the king of, 123
Opening everything in house to facilitate childbirth, 296sq.
Orestes, the matricide, 188, 287
Oro, war god, 69
Orotchis, the, 232
Ot Danoms, the, 103
Ottawa Indians, the, 78
Ovambo, the, 227
Overshadowed, danger of being, 82sq.
Ovid, on loosening the hair, 311
Ox, purification by passing through the body of an, 173
Padlocks as amulets, 307
Painting bodies of manslayers, 175, 178, 179, 180, 186n.1
Palaces, kings not allowed to leave their, 122sqq.
Pantang, taboo, 405
Panther, ceremonies at the slaughter of a, 219
Parents named after their children, 331sqq.
—— -in-law, their names not to be pronounced, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342
Partition of spiritual and temporal power between religious and civil kings, 17sqq.
Patagonians, the, 281
Pawnees, the, 228
Peace, ceremony at making, 274
Pelias and Jason, 311
Pentateuch, the, 219
Pepper in purificatory rites, 106, 114
Perils of the soul, 26sqq.
Perseus and the Gorgon, 312
Persian kings, their custom at meals, 119
Persons, tabooed, 131sqq.
Philosophy, primitive, 420sq.
Phong long, ill luck caused by women in childbed, 155
Photographed or painted, supposed danger of being, 96sqq.
Pictures, supposed danger of, 96sq.
Pig, the word unlucky, 233
Pigeons, special language employed by Malays in snaring, 407sq.
Pilgrims to Mecca not allowed to wear knots and rings, 293sq.
Pimas, the purification of manslayers among the, 182sqq.
Plataea, Archon of, forbidden to touch iron, 227;
escape of besieged from, 311
Pliny on crossed legs and clasped hands, 298;
on knotted threads, 303
Plutarch, 249
Poison, continence observed at brewing, 200
—— ordeal, 15
Polar bear, taboos concerning the, 209
Polemarch, the, at Athens, 22
Pollution or sanctity, their equivalence in primitive religion, 145, 158, 224
—— and holiness not differentiated by savages, 224
Polynesia, names of chiefs tabooed in, 381
Polynesian chiefs sacred, 136
Pons Sublicius, 230
Port Moresby, 203
Porto Novo, 23
Portraits, souls in, 96sqq.;
supposed dangers of, 96sqq.
Powers, S., 326
Pregnancy, husband's hair kept unshorn during wife's, 261;
conduct of husband during wife's, 294, 295;
superstitions as to knots during wife's, 294sq.
Pregnant women, their superstitions about shadows, 82sq.
Premature birth, 213. See Miscarriage
Pricking patient with needles to expel demons of disease, 106
Priests to be shaved with bronze, 226;
foods tabooed to, 291
Prisoners shaved, 273;
released at festivals, 316
Propitiation of the souls of the slain, 166;
of spirits of slain animals, 190, 204sq.;
of ancestors, 197
[pg 440]
Prussians, the old, their funeral feasts, 238
Puppets or dolls employed for the restoration of souls to their bodies, 53sqq.
Purge as mode of ceremonial purification, 175
Purification of city, 188;
of Pimas after slaying Apaches, 182sqq.;
of hunters and fishers, 190sq.;
of moral guilt by physical agencies, 217sq.;
by cutting the hair, 283sqq.
—— of manslayers, 165sqq.;
intended to rid them of the ghosts of the slain, 186sq.
Purificatory ceremonies at reception of strangers, 102sqq.;
on return from a journey, 111sqq.
Purity, ceremonial, observed in war, 157
Pygmies, the African, 282
Pythagoras, maxims of, 314n.2
Python, punishment for killing a, 222
Quartz used at circumcision instead of iron, 227
Queensland, aborigines of, 159n.
Ra and Isis, 387sqq.
Rabbah, siege of, 273
Rain caused by cut or combed out hair, 271, 272;
word for, not to be mentioned, 413
—— -charm by pouring water, 154sq.
—— -makers, their hair unshorn, 259sq.
Rainbow, the, a net for souls, 79
Ramanga, 246
Raven, soul as a, 34
Raw flesh not to be looked on, 239
—— meat, prohibition to touch or name, 13
Reapers, special language employed by, 410sq., 411sq.
Reasoning, definite, at the base of savage custom, 420n.1
Rebirth of ancestors in their descendants, 368sq.
Recall of the soul, 30sqq.
Red, bodies of manslayers painted, 175, 179;
faces of manslayers painted, 185, 186n.1
Reflection, the soul identified with the, 92sqq.
Reflections in water or mirrors, supposed dangers of, 93sq.
Refuse of food, magic wrought by means of, 126sqq.
Regeneration, pretence of, 113
Reincarnation of the dead in their namesakes, 365sqq.;
of ancestors in their descendants, 368sqq.
Reindeer, taboos concerning, 208
Relations, names of, tabooed, 335sqq.
Relationship, terms of, used as terms of address, 324sq.
Release of prisoners at festivals, 316
Religion, passage of animism into, 213
Reluctance to accept sovereignty on account of taboos attached to it, 17sqq.
Remnants of food buried as a precaution against sorcery, 118, 119, 127sq., 129
Resemblance of child to father, supposed danger of, 88sq.
Resurrection, cut hair and nails kept for use at the, 279sq.
—— of the dead effected by giving their names to living persons, 365sqq.
Rhys, Professor Sir John, 12n.2;
on personal names, 319
Rice used to attract the soul conceived as a bird, 34sqq., 45sqq.;
soul of, not to be frightened, 412
—— -harvest, special language employed by reapers at, 410sq., 411sq.
Ring, broken, 13;
on ankle as badge of office, 15
Rings used to prevent the escape of the soul, 31;
as spiritual fetters, 313sqq.;
as amulets, 314sqq.;
not to be worn, 314
—— and knots tabooed, 293sqq.
Rivers, Dr. W. H. R., 17
Rivers, prohibition to cross, 9sq.
Robertson, Sir George Scott, 14notes
Roepstorff, F. A. de, 362sq.
Roman gods, their names not to be mentioned, 391n.1
—— superstition about crossed legs, 298
Romans, their evocation of gods of besieged cities, 391
Rome, name of guardian deity of Rome kept secret, 391
Roscoe, Rev. J., 85n.1, 145n.4, 195n.1, 254n.5, 277n.10
Roth, W. E., 356
Rotti, custom as to cutting child's hair in the island of, 276, 283;
custom as to knots at marriage in the island of, 301
Roumanian building superstition, 89
Royal blood not to be shed on the ground, 241sqq.
Royalty, the burden of, 1sqq.
Rules of life observed by sacred kings and priests, 1sqq.
Runaways, knots as charm to stop, 305sq.
Russell, F., 183sq.
Sabaea or Sheba, kings of, 124
Sacred chiefs and kings regarded as dangerous, 131sqq., 138;
their analogy [pg 441] to mourners, homicides, and women at menstruation and childbirth, 138
Sacred and unclean, correspondence of rules regarding the, 145
Sacrifices to ghosts, 56, 166;
to the dead, 88;
at foundation of buildings, 89sqq.;
to ancestral spirits, 104
Sagard, Gabriel, 366sq.
Sahagun, B. de, 249
Sailors at sea, special language employed by, 413sqq.
Sakais, the, 348
Sakalavas of Madagascar, the, 10, 327;
customs as to names of dead kings among the, 379sq.
Salish Indians, 66
Salmon, taboos concerning, 209
Salt not to be eaten, 167, 182, 184, 194, 195, 196;
name of, tabooed, 401
—— -pans, continence observed by workers in, 200
Samoyeds, 353
Sanctity of the head, 252sqq.
—— or pollution, their equivalence in primitive religion, 145, 158, 224
Sankara and the Grand Lama, 78
Saragacos Indians, 152
Satapatha Brahmana, 217
Saturday, persons born on a, 89
Saturn, the planet, 315
Savage, our debt to the, 419sqq.
—— custom the product of definite reasoning, 420n.1
—— philosophy, 420sq.
Saxons of Transylvania, 294
Scapegoat, 214sq.
Scarification of warriors, 160sq.;
of bodies of whalers, 191
Scaring away the ghosts of the slain, 168, 170, 171, 172, 174sq.
Schoolcraft, H. R., 325
Scotch fowlers and fishermen, words tabooed by, 393sqq.
Scotland, common words tabooed in, 392sqq.
Scratching the person or head, rules as to, 146, 156, 158, 159n., 160, 181, 183, 189, 196
Scrofula thought to be caused and cured by touching a sacred chief or king, 133sq.
Sea, horror of the, 10;
offerings made to the, 10;
prohibition to look on the, 10;
special language employed by sailors at, 413sqq.
—— -mammals, atonement for killing, 207;
myth of their origin, 207
Seals, supposed influence of lying-in women on, 152;
taboos observed after the killing of, 207sq., 209, 213
Seclusion of those who have handled the dead, 138sqq.;
of women at menstruation and childbirth, 145sqq., 147sqq.;
of tabooed persons, 165;
of manslayers, 166sqq.;
of cannibals, 188sqq.;
of men who have killed large game, 220sq.
Secret names among the Central Australian aborigines, 321sq.
Sedna, an Esquimau goddess, 152, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 213
Semangat, Malay word for the soul, 28, 35
Semites, moral evolution of the, 219
Seoul, capital of Corea, 283
Serpents, purificatory ceremonies observed after killing, 221sqq.
Servius, on Dido's costume, 313
Seven knots in magic, 303, 304, 308
Sewing as a charm, 307
Shades of dead animals, fear of offending, 205, 206, 207
Shadow, the soul identified with the, 77sqq.;
injury done to a man through his, 78sqq.;
diminution of shadow regarded with apprehension, 86sq.;
loss of the, regarded as ominous, 88;
not to fall on a chief, 255
Shadows drawn out by ghosts, 80;
animals injured through their, 81sq.;
of trees sensitive, 82;
of certain birds and people viewed as dangerous, 82sq.;
built into the foundations of edifices, 89sq.;
of mourners dangerous, 142;
of certain persons dangerous, 173
Shamans among the Thompson Indians, 57sq.
—— Buryat, their mode of recovering lost souls, 56sq.
—— Yakut, 63
Shark Point, priestly king at, 5
Sharp instruments, use of, tabooed, 205
—— weapons tabooed, 237sqq.
Shaving prisoners, reason of, 273
Sheep used in purificatory ceremony, 174, 175;
shoulder-blades of, used in divination, 229
Shetland fishermen, their tabooed words, 394
Shoe untied at marriage, 300;
custom of going with one shoe on and one shoe off, 311sqq.
Shoulder-blades, divination by, 229
names of kings of, concealed from fear of sorcery, 375
Siamese children, ceremony at cutting their hair, 265sqq.
—— view of the sanctity of the head, 252sq.
Sick man, attempts to prevent the escape of the soul of, 30sqq.
[pg 442]
Sick people not allowed to sleep, 95;
sprinkled with pungent spices, 105sq.
—— -room, mirrors covered up in, 95
Sickness explained by the absence of the soul, 42sqq.;
caused by ancestral spirits, 53
Sierra Leone, priests and kings of, 14sq., 18
—— Nevada of Colombia, 215, 216
Sigurd and Fafnir, 324
Sikhim, kings of, 20
Silkworms, taboos observed by breeders of, 194
Simpson, W., 125n.3
Sin regarded as something material, 214, 216, 217sq.
Singhalese, 297; their fear of demons, 233sq.
Sins, confession of, 114, 191, 195, 211sq., 214sqq.;
originally a magical ceremony, 217
Sisters-in-law, their names not to be pronounced, 338, 342, 343
Sit, Egyptian god, 68
Sitting on the ground prohibited to warriors, 159, 162, 163
Skull-cap worn by girls at their first menstruation, 146;
worn by Australian widows, 182n.2
Skulls of ancestors rubbed as a propitiation, 197;
of dead used as drinking-cups, 372
Slain, ghosts of the, fear of the, 165sqq.
Slave Coast, the, 9
Slaves, runaway, charm for recovering, 305sq.
Sleep, absence of soul in, 36sqq.;
sick people not allowed to, 95;
forbidden in house after a death, 37sq.;
forbidden to unsuccessful eagle-hunter, 199
Sleeper not to be wakened suddenly, 39sqq.;
not to be moved nor his appearance altered, 41sq.
Smallpox not mentioned by its proper name, 400, 410, 411, 416
Smearing blood on the person as a purification, 104, 115;
on persons, dogs, and weapons as a mode of pacifying their souls, 219
—— bodies of manslayers with porridge, 176
—— porridge or fat on the person as a purification, 112
—— sheep's entrails on body as mode of purification, 174
Smith, W, Robertson, 77n.1, 96n.1, 243n.7, 247n.5
Smith's craft regarded us uncanny, 236n.5
Snakes not called by their proper names, 399, 400, 401sq., 411
Snapping the thumbs to prevent the departure of the soul, 31
Snares set for souls, 69
Son-in-law, his name not to be pronounced, 338sq., 344, 345
Sorcerers, souls extracted or detained by, 69sqq.;
make use of cut hair and other bodily refuse, 268sq., 274sq.;
Soul conceived as a mannikin, 26sqq.;
the perils of the, 26sqq.;
ancient Egyptian conception of the, 28sq.;
representations of the soul in Greek art, 29n.1;
as a butterfly, 29n.1, 41, 51sq.;
absence and recall of the, 30sqq.;
attempts to prevent the soul from escaping from the body, 30sqq.;
sickness attributed to the absence of the, 32, 42sqq.;
tied by thread or string to the body, 32sq., 43, 51;
conceived as a bird, 33sqq.;
absent in sleep, 36sqq.;
in form of lizard, 38;
in form of fly, 39;
caught in a cloth, 46, 47, 48, 52, 53, 64, 67, 75sq.;
identified with the shadow, 77sqq.;
identified with the reflection in water or a mirror, 92sqq.;
supposed to escape at eating and drinking, 116;
in the blood, 240, 241, 247, 250;
identified with the personal name, 319;
of rice not to be frightened, 412
Souls, every man thought to have four, 27, 80;
light and heavy, thin and fat, 29;
transferred to other bodies, 49;
impounded in magic fence, 56;
abducted by demons, 58sqq.;
transmigrate into animals, 65;
brought back in a visible form, 65sqq.;
caught in snares or nets, 69sqq.;
extracted or detained by sorcerers, 69sqq.;
in tusks of ivory, 70;
conjured into jars, 70;
shut up in calabashes, 72;
transferred from the living to the dead, 73;
gathered into a basket, 72;
wounded and bleeding, 73;
supposed to be in portraits, 96sqq.
—— of beasts respected, 223
—— of the dead all malignant, 145;
cannot go to the spirit-land till the flesh has decayed from their bones, 372n.5
—— of the slain, propitiation of, 166
Sovereignty, reluctance to accept the, on account of its burdens, 17sqq.
Spells cast by strangers, 112;
at hair-cutting, 264sq.
Spenser, Edmund, 244sq.
Spices used in exorcism of demons, 105sq.
Spirit of dead apparently supposed to decay with the body, 372
[pg 443]
Spirits averse to iron, 232sqq.
—— of land, conciliation of the, 110sq.
Spiritual power, its divorce from temporal power, 17sqq.
Spitting forbidden, 196;
as a protective charm, 279, 286;
upon knots as a charm, 302
Spittle effaced or concealed, 288sqq.;
tabooed, 287sqq.;
used in magic, 268, 269, 287sqq.;
used in making a covenant, 290
Spoil taken from enemy purified, 177
Spoons used in eating by tabooed persons, 141, 148, 189
Sprained leg, cure for, 304sq.
Spring and summer, myths of divinities and spirits to be told only in, 384
Sprinkling with holy water, 285sq.
St. Sylvester's Day, 88
Stabbing reflections in water to injure the persons reflected, 93
Stade, Hans, captive among Brazilian Indians, 231
Standard of conduct shifted from natural to supernatural basis, 213
Stepping over persons or things forbidden, 159sq., 194, 423sqq.;
over dead panther, 219.
See also Jumping
Stone knives and arrow-heads used in religious ritual, 228
Stones on which a man's shadow should not fall, 80
Storms caused by cutting or combing the hair, 271, 282
Strange land, ceremonies at entering a, 109sqq.
Strangers, taboos on intercourse with, 101sqq.;
suspected of practising magical arts, 102;
ceremonies at the reception of, 102sqq.;
dread of, 102sqq.;
spells cast by, 112;
killed, 113
String or thread used to tie soul to body, 32sq., 43, 51
Strings, knotted, as amulets, 309.
“Strong names” of kings of Dahomey, 374
Sultan Bayazid and his soul, 50
Sultans veiled, 120
Sumba, custom as to the names of princes in the island of, 376
Summer, myths of gods and spirits not to be told in, 385sq.
—— and winter, personal names different in, 386
Sun not allowed to shine on sacred persons, 3, 4, 6
—— -god draws away souls, 64sq.
Sunda, tabooed words in, 341, 415
Supernatural basis of morality, 213sq.
Supernatural beings, their names tabooed, 384sqq.
Superstition a crutch to morality, 219
Swaheli charm, 305sq.
Sweating as a purification, 142, 184
Swelling and inflammation thought to be caused by eating out of sacred vessels or by wearing sacred garments, 4
Sympathetic connexion between a person and the severed parts of his body, 267sq., 283
—— magic, 164, 201, 204, 258, 268, 287
Synonyms adopted in order to avoid naming the dead, 359sqq.;
in the Zulu language, 377;
in the Maori language, 381
Taboo of chiefs and kings in Tonga, 133sq.;
of chiefs in New Zealand, 134sqq.;
Esquimaux theory of, 210sqq.;
the meaning of, 224
—— rajah and chief, 24sq.
Tabooed acts, 101sqq.
—— hands, 138, 140sqq., 146sqq., 158, 159n.
—— persons, 131sqq.;
secluded, 165
—— things, 224sqq.
—— words, 318sqq.
Taboos, royal and priestly, 1sqq.;
on intercourse with strangers, 101sqq.;
on eating and drinking, 116sqq.;
on shewing the face, 120sqq.;
on quitting the house, 122sqq.;
on leaving food over, 126sqq.;
on persons who have handled the dead, 138sqq.;
on warriors, 157sqq.;
on manslayers, 165sqq.;
imposed on murderers, 187sq.;
imposed on hunters and fishers, 190sqq.;
transformed into ethical precepts, 214;
survivals of, in morality, 218sq.;
as spiritual insulators, 224;
on sharp weapons, 237sqq.;
on blood, 239sqq.;
relating to the head, 252sqq.;
on hair, 258sqq.;
on spittle, 287sqq.;
on foods, 291sqq.;
on knots and rings, 293sqq.;
on personal names, 318sqq.;
on names of relations, 335sqq.;
on the names of the dead, 349sqq.;
on names of kings and chiefs, 374sqq.;
on names of supernatural beings, 384sqq.;
on names of gods, 387sqq.
—— observed by the Mikado, 3sq.;
by headmen in Assam, 11;
by ancient kings of Ireland, 11sq.;
by the Flamen Dialis, 13sq.;
by the Bodia or Bodio, 15;
by sacred milkmen among the Todas, 16sqq.
Tahiti, 255
[pg 444]
Tahiti, kings of, 226;
abdicate on birth of a son, 20;
their names not to be pronounced, 381sq.
Tails of cats docked as a magical precaution, 128sq.
Tales, wandering souls in popular, 49sq.
Tara, the old capital of Ireland, 11
Tartar Khan, ceremony at visiting a, 114
Teeth, loss of, supposed effect of breaking a taboo, 140;
loosened by angry ghosts, 186n.1;
as a rain-charm, 271;
extracted, kept against the resurrection, 280.
See also Tooth
Temple at Jerusalem, the, 230
Temporary reincarnation of the dead in their living namesakes, 371
Tendi, Batta word for soul, 45.
See also Tondi
Tepehuanes, the, 97
Terms of relationship used as terms of address, 324sq.
Thakambau, 131
Thebes in Egypt, priestly kings of, 13
Theocracies in America, 6
Thesmophoria, release of prisoners at, 316
Thessalian witch, 390
Things tabooed, 224sqq.
Thompson Indians of British Columbia, 37sq.;
customs of mourners among the, 142sq.
Thomson, Joseph, 98
Thorn bushes to keep off ghosts, 142
Thread or string used to tie soul to body, 32sq., 43, 51
Threads, knotted, in magic, 303, 304sq., 307
Three knots in magic, 304, 305
Thumbs snapped to prevent the departure of the soul, 31
Thunderstorms caused by cut hair, 271, 282
Thurn, E. F. im, 324sq.
Tigers not called by their proper names, 401, 402, 403sq., 410, 415;
called dogs, 402;
Timines of Sierra Leone, 18
Timor, fetish or taboo rajah in, 24;
customs as to war in, 165sq.
Tin ore, Malay superstitions as to, 407
Tinneh or Déné Indians, 145sq.
Toboongkoos of Celebes, 48, 78
Todas, holy milkmen of the, 15sqq.
Togoland, 247
Tolampoos, the, 319
Tolindoos, the, 78
Tondi, Batta word for soul, 35.
See also Tendi
Tonga, divine chiefs in, 21;
the taboo of chiefs and kings in, 133sq.;
taboos connected with the dead in, 140
Tonquin, division of monarchy in, 19sq.;
kings of, 125
Tooitonga, divine chief of Tonga, 21
Tooth knocked out as initiatory rite, 244.
See also Teeth
Toradjas, tabooed names among the, 340;
their field-speech, 411sqq.
Touching sacred king or chief, supposed effects of, 132sqq.
Trading voyages, continence observed on, 203
Tradition, historical, hampered by the taboo on the names of the dead, 363sqq.
Transference of souls from the living to the dead, 73;
of souls to other bodies, 49;
of sins, 214sqq.
Transgressions, need of confessing, 211sq.
See also Sins
Transmigration of souls into animals, 65
Transylvania, the Germans of, 296, 310
Traps set for souls, 70sq.
Travail, women in, knots on their garments untied, 294.
See also Childbirth
Travellers, knots used as charms by, 306
Tree-spirits, fear of, 412sq.
Trees, the shadows of trees sensitive, 82;
cut hair deposited on or under, 14, 275sq., 286
Tuaregs, the, 117, 122; their fear of ghosts, 353
Tumleo, island of, 150
Tupi Indians, their customs as to eating captives, 179sq.
Turtle catching, taboos in connexion with, 192
Tusks of ivory, souls in, 70
Twelfth Night, 396
Twins, water poured on graves of, 154sq.
—— father of, taboos observed by the, 239sq.;
his hair shaved and nails cut, 284
Tycoons, the, 19
Tying the soul to the body, 32sq., 43
Tylor, E. B., on reincarnation of ancestors, 372n.1
Uganda, 84, 86, 112, 145, 164n.1, 239, 243, 254, 263, 277, 330, 369.
See also Baganda
Ulster, kings of, 12
Unclean and sacred, correspondence of the rules regarding the, 145
Uncleanness regarded as a vapour, 152, 206;
of manslayers, of menstruous and lying-in women, and of persons who have handled the dead, 169;
of lion-killer, 220;
of bear-killers, 221
[pg 445]
Uncovered in the open air, prohibition to be, 3, 14
Unyoro, king of, his custom of drinking milk, 119;
cowboy of the king of, 159n.;
diet of the king of, 291sq.
Vapour thought to be exhaled by lying-in women and hunters, 152, 206;
supposed, of blood and corpses, 210sq.;
supposed to be produced by the violation of a taboo, 212
Varuna, festival of, 217
Veiling faces to avert evil influences, 120sqq.
Venison, taboos concerning, 208sq.
Vermin from hair returned to their owner, 278
Vessels used by tabooed persons destroyed, 4, 131, 139, 145, 156, 284
—— special, employed by tabooed persons, 138, 139, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 160, 167, 185, 189, 197, 198
Victims, sacrificial, carried round city, 188
Vine, prohibition to walk under a, 14, 248
Virgil, the enchantress in, 305;
on rustic militia of Latium, 311
Vow, hair kept unshorn during a, 261sq., 285
Wabondei, the, 272
Wadai, Sultan of, 120
Wakan, mysterious, sacred, taboo, 225n.
Wakelbura, the, 31
Wallis Island, 140
Walrus, taboos concerning, 208sq.
Wanigela River, 192
Wanika, the, 247
Wanyoro (Banyoro), the, 278
War, continence in, 157, 158n.1, 161, 163, 164, 165;
rules of ceremonial purity observed in, 157sqq.;
hair kept unshorn in, 261
—— chief, or war king, 20, 21, 24
—— -dances, 169, 170, 178, 182
Warm food tabooed, 189
Warramunga, the, 384
Warriors tabooed, 157sqq.
Washing the head, 253. See Bathing
Water poured as a rain-charm, 154sq.;
holy, sprinkling with, 285sq.
—— -spirits, danger of, 94
Wax figure in magic, 74
Weapons of manslayers, purification of, 172, 182, 219
Wedding ring, an amulet against witchcraft, 314
Were-wolf, 42
Whale, solemn burial of dead, 223
Whalers, taboos observed by, 191sq., 205sqq.
Wheaten flour, prohibition to touch, 13
White, faces and bodies of manslayers painted, 175, 186n.1;
lion-killer painted, 220
—— clay, Caffre boys at circumcision smeared with, 156
Whydah, king of, 129
Widows and widowers, customs observed by, 142sq., 144sq., 182n.2
Wied, Prince of, 96
Wife's mother, the savage's dread of his, 83sqq.;
her name not to be pronounced by her son-in-law, 337, 338, 343
—— name not to be pronounced by her husband, 337, 338, 339
Wild beasts not called by their proper names, 396sqq.
Wilkinson, R. J., 416n.4
Willow wands as disinfectants, 143
Windessi, in New Guinea, 169
Winds kept in jars, 5
Wine, the blood of the vine, 248;
called milk, 249n.2
Wing-bone of eagle used to drink through, 189
Winter, myths of gods and spirits to be told only in, 385sq.
Wirajuri, the, 269
Witch's soul departs from her in sleep, 39, 41, 42
Witches make use of cut hair, 270, 271, 279, 282
Wollunqua, a mythical serpent, 384
Wolofs of Senegambia, 323
Wolves, charms to protect cattle from, 307;
not to be called by their proper names, 396, 397, 398, 402
Women tabooed at menstruation and childbirth, 145sqq.;
abstinence from, during war, 157, 158n.1, 161, 163, 164;
in childbed holy, 225n.;
blood of, dreaded, 250sq.
Women's clothes, supposed effects of touching, 164sq.
“Women's speech” among the Caffres, 335sq.
Words tabooed, 318sqq.;
savages take a materialistic view of words, 331
—— common, changed because they are the names of the dead, 358sqq., 375,
or the names of chiefs and kings, 375, 376sqq.;
tabooed, 392sqq.
Wounded men not allowed to drink milk, 174sq.
Wrist tied to prevent escape of soul, 32, 43, 51
—— bands as amulets, 315
Wurunjeri tribe, 42
[pg 446]
Xenophanes, on the gods, 387
Yabim, the, 151, 306, 354, 386
Yakut shaman, 63
Yams, Feast of, 123
Yaos, the, 97sq.
Yawning, soul supposed to depart in, 31
Yewe order, secret society in Togo, 383
Yorubas, rebirth of ancestors among the, 369
Zapotecs of Mexico, the pontiff of the, 6sq.
Zend-Avesta, the, on cut hair and nails, 277
Zeus on Mount Lycaeus, sanctuary of, 88
Zulu language, its diversity, 377
Zulus, names of chiefs and kings tabooed among the, 376sq.;
their superstition as to reflections in water, 91
