Index.

Aban, a Persian month, ii. 68

Abd-Hadad, priestly king of Hierapolis, i. 163 n. 3

Aberdeenshire, All Souls' Day in, ii. 79sq.

Abi-baal, i. 51 n. 4

Abi-el, i. 51 n. 4

Abi-jah, King, his family, i. 51 n. 2;

“father of Jehovah,” 51 n. 4

Abi-melech, “father of a king,” i. 51 n. 4

Abi-milk (Abi-melech), king of Tyre, i. 16 n. 5

Abimelech massacres his seventy brothers, i. 51 n. 2

Abipones, of South America, their worship of the Pleiades, i. 258 n. 2

Abraham, his attempted sacrifice of Isaac, ii. 219n. 1

Abruzzi, gossips of St. John in the, i. 245 n. 2;

marvellous properties attributed to water on St. John's Night in the, 246;

Easter ceremonies in the, 256;

the feast of All Souls in the, ii. 77sq.;

rules as to sowing seed and cutting timber in the, 133n. 3

Abu Rabah, resort of childless wives in Palestine, i. 78, 79

Abydos, head of Osiris at, ii. 11;

the favourite burial-place of the Egyptians, 18sq.;

specially associated with Osiris, 18, 197;

tombs of the ancient Egyptian kings at, 19;

the ritual of, 86;

hall of the Osirian mysteries at, 108;

representations of the Sed festival at, 151;

inscriptions at, 153;

temple of Osiris at, 198

Acacia, Osiris in the, ii. 111

Achaia, subject to earthquakes, i. 202

Acharaca, cave of Pluto at, i. 205 sq.

Acilisena, temple of Anaitis at, i. 38

Adad, Syrian king, i. 15;

Babylonian and Assyrian god of thunder and lightning, 163

Adana in Cilicia, i. 169 n. 3

Addison, Joseph, on the grotto dei cani at Naples, i. 205 n. 1

Adhar, a Persian month, ii. 68

Adom-melech or Uri-melech, king of Byblus, i. 14, 17

Adon, a Semitic title, i. 6 sq., 16 sq., 20, 49 n. 7

Adonai, title of Jehovah, i. 6 sq.

Adoni, “my lord,” Semitic title, i. 7;

names compounded with, 17

Adoni-bezek, king of Jerusalem, i. 17

Adoni-jah, elder brother of King Solomon, i. 51 n. 2

Adoni-zedek, king of Jerusalem, i. 17

Adonis, myth of, i. 3 sqq.;

Greek worship of, 6;

in Greek mythology, 10 sqq.;

in Syria, 13 sqq.;

monuments of, 29;

in Cyprus, 31 sqq., 49;

identified with Osiris, 32;

mourning for, at Byblus, 38;

said to be the fruit of incest, 43;

his mother Myrrha, 43;

son of Theias, 43 n. 4, 55 n. 4;

the son of Cinyras, 49;

the title of the sons of Phoenician kings in Cyprus, 49;

his violent death, 55;

music in the worship of, 55;

sacred prostitution in the worship of, 57;

inspired prophets in worship of, 76;

human representatives of, perhaps burnt, 110;

doves burned in honour of, 147;

personated by priestly kings, 223;

the ritual of, 223 sqq.;

his death and resurrection represented in his rites, 224 sq.;

festivals of, 224 sqq.;

flutes played in the laments for, 225 n. 3;

the ascension of, 225;

images of, thrown into the sea or springs, 225, 227 n. 3, 236;

born from a myrrh-tree, 227, ii. 110;

bewailed by Argive women, i. 227 n.;

analogy of his rites to Indian and European ceremonies, 227;

his death and resurrection interpreted as representations of the decay and revival of vegetation, 227 sqq.;

interpreted as the sun, 228;

interpreted by the ancients as the god of the reaped and sprouting corn, 229;

as a corn-spirit, 230 sqq.;

hunger the root of the worship of, 231;

perhaps [pg 270] originally a personification of wild vegetation, especially grass and trees, 233;

the gardens of, 236 sqq.;

rain-charm in the rites of, 237;

resemblance of his rites to the festival of Easter, 254 sqq., 306;

worshipped at Bethlehem, 257 sqq.;

and the planet Venus as the Morning Star, 258 sq.;

sometimes identified with Attis, 263;

swine not eaten by worshippers of, 265;

rites of, among the Greeks, 298;

lamented by women at Byblus, ii. 23

Adonis and Aphrodite, i. 11 sq., 29, 280;

their marriage celebrated at Alexandria, 224

—— and Attis identified with Dionysus, ii. 127n.

—— and Osiris, similarity between their rites, ii. 127

——, Attis, Osiris, their mythical similarity, i. 6, ii. 201

——, the river, its valley, i. 28 sqq.;

annual discoloration of the, 30, 225

Aedepsus, hot springs of Hercules at, i. 211 sq.

Aedesius, Sextilius Agesilaus, dedicates altar to Attis, i. 275 n. 1

Aegipan and Hermes, i. 157

Aelian, on impregnation of Judean maid by serpent, i. 81

Aeneas and Dido, i. 114 n. 1

Aeschylus, on Typhon, i. 156

Aesculapius, in relation to serpents, i. 80 sq.;

reputed father of Aratus, 80 sq.;

his shrines at Sicyon and Titane, 81;

his dispute with Hercules, 209 sq.

Aeson and Medea, i. 181 n. 1

Aetna, Latin poem, i. 221 n. 4

Africa, serpents as reincarnations of the dead in, i. 82 sqq.;

infant burial in, 91 sq.;

reincarnation of the dead in, 91 sq.;

annual festivals of the dead in, ii. 66;

worship of dead kings and chiefs in, 160sqq.;

supreme gods in, 165, 173sq., 174, 186, with n. 5, 187n. 1, 188sq., 190;

worship of ancestral spirits among the Bantu tribes of, 174sqq.;

inheritance of the kingship under mother-kin in, 211

——, North, custom of bathing at Midsummer among the Mohammedan peoples of, i. 249

——, West, sacred men and women in, i. 65 sqq.;

human sacrifices in, ii. 99n. 2

Afterbirth or placenta regarded as a person's double or twin, ii. 169sq.

See also Placenta

Afterbirths buried in banana groves, i. 93;

regarded as twins of the children, 93;

Shilluk kings interred where their afterbirths are buried, ii. 162

Agbasia, West African god, i. 79

Agdestis, a man-monster in the myth of Attis, i. 269

Agesipolis, King of Sparta, his conduct in an earthquake, i. 196

Agraulus, daughter of Cecrops, worshipped at Salamis in Cyprus, i. 145, 146

Agricultural peoples worship the moon, ii. 138sq.

Agriculture, religious objections to, i. 88 sqq.;

in the hands of women in the Pelew Islands, ii. 206sq.;

its tendency to produce a conservative character, 217sq.

Ahts of Vancouver Island regard the moon as the husband of the sun, ii. 139n. 1

Airi, a deity of North-West India, i. 170

Aiyar, N. Subramhanya, on Indian dancing-girls, i. 63 sqq.

Ajax and Teucer, names of priestly kings of Olba, i. 144 sq., 161

Akhetaton (Tell-el-Amarna), the capital of Amenophis IV., ii. 123n. 1

Akikuyu of British East Africa, their worship of snakes, i. 67 sq.;

their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, 82, 85

Alaska, the Esquimaux of, ii. 51;

the Koniags of, 106

Albania, marriage custom in, ii. 246

Albanians of the Caucasus, their worship of the moon, i. 73

Albinoes the offspring of the moon, i. 91

Albiruni, Arab geographer, on the Persian festival of the dead, ii. 68

Alcman on dew, ii. 137

Aleutians, effeminate sorcerers among the, ii. 254

Alexander Severus, at festival of Attis, i. 273

Alexander the Great expels a king of Paphos, i. 42;

his fabulous birth, 81;

assumes costumes of deities, 165;

sacrifices to Megarsian Athena, 169 n. 3

Alexandria, festival of Adonis at, i. 224;

the Serapeum at, ii. 119n., 217

Alexandrian calendar, used by Plutarch, ii. 84

—— year, the fixed, ii. 28, 92;

Plutarch's use of the, 49

All Saints, feast of, perhaps substituted for an old pagan festival of the dead, ii. 82sq.

All Souls, feast of, ii. 51sqq.;

originally a pagan festival of the dead, 81;

instituted by Odilo, abbot of Clugny, 82

Allatu, Babylonian goddess, i. 9

[pg 271]

Allifae in Samnium, baths of Hercules at, i. 213 n. 2

Almo, procession to the river, in the rites of Attis, i. 273.

Almond causes virgin to conceive, i. 263;

the father of all things, 263 sq.

Alyattes, king of Lydia, i. 133 n. 1

Alynomus, king of Paphos, i. 43

Amambwe, a Bantu tribe of Northern Rhodesia, its head chief reincarnated in a lion, ii. 193

Amasis, king of Egypt, his body burnt by Cambyses, i. 176 n. 2

Amathus, in Cyprus, Adonis and Melcarth at, i. 32, 117;

statue of lion-slaying god found at, 117

Amatongo, ancestral spirits (Zulu term), i. 74 n. 4, ii. 184

Ambabai, an Indian goddess, i. 243

Ambala District, Punjaub, i. 94

Amélineau, E., discovers the tomb of King Khent, ii. 21n. 1

Amenophis IV., king of Egypt, his attempt to abolish all gods but the sun-god, ii. 123sqq.

America, reincarnation of the dead in, i. 91;

the moon worshipped by the agricultural Indians of tropical, ii. 138

Amestris, wife of Xerxes, her sacrifice of children, ii. 220sq.

Ammon, Milcom, the god of, i. 19

Ammon (the Egyptian) at Thebes, his human wives, i. 72;

of Thebes identified with the sun, ii. 123;

rage of King Amenophis IV. against the god, 124

Amoor, Gilyaks of the, i. 278 n. 2

Amorites, their law as to fornication, i. 37 sq.

Amsanctus, the valley of, i. 204 sq.

Amulets, crowns and wreaths as, ii. 242sq.

Amyclae, in the vale of Sparta, i. 313, 314, 315

Amyclas, father of Hyacinth, i. 313

Anacreon, on Cinyras, i. 55

Anacyndaraxes, father of Sardanapalus, i. 172

Anaitis, sacred prostitution in the worship of, i. 38

Anassa, “Queen,” title of goddess, i. 35 n. 2

Anazarba or Anazarbus, in Cilicia, i. 167 n. 1

Ancestor-worship among the Khasis of Assam, ii. 203;

combined with mother-kin tends to a predominance of goddesses over gods in religion, 211sq.

Ancestors, propitiation of deceased, i. 46;

the worship of, the main practical religion of the Bantu tribes, ii. 176sqq.

Ancestral spirits on shoulders of medicine-men, i. 74 n. 4;

incarnate in serpents, 82 sqq.;

in the form of animals, 83;

worshipped by the Bantu tribes of Africa, ii. 174sqq.;

prayers to, 175sq., 178sq., 183sq.;

sacrifices to, 175, 178s.q., 180, 181sq., 183sq., 190;

on the father's and on the mother's side, the two distinguished, 180, 181.

See also Dead

Anchiale in Cilicia, i. 144; monument of Sardanapalus at, 172

Andania in Messenia, sacred men and women at, i. 76 n. 3

Andriamasinavalona, a Hova king, vicarious sacrifice for, ii. 221

Anemone, the scarlet, sprung from the blood of Adonis, i. 226

Angel, the Destroying, over Jerusalem, i. 24

Angus, belief as to the weaning of children in, ii. 148

Anhalt, custom at sowing in, i. 239

Animals sacrificed by being hanged, i. 289 sq., 292;

and plants, edible, savage lamentations for, ii. 43sq.;

dead kings and chiefs incarnate in, 162, 163sq., 173, 193;

sacrificed to prolong the life of kings, 222

Anje-a, a mythical being who brings children to women, i. 103

Anklets made of human sinews worn by king of Uganda, ii. 224sq.

Ankole, in Central Africa, the Bahima of, ii. 190

Anna, sister of Dido, i. 114 n. 1

Annam, offerings to the dead in spring in, i. 235 n. 1;

annual festivals of the dead in, ii. 62sqq.

Annual death and resurrection of gods, i. 6

Anointing as a ceremony of consecration, i. 21 n. 2 and 3, 68, 74

—— sacred stones, custom of, i. 36

Antelopes, soul of a dead king incarnate in, ii. 163

Anthesteria, festival of the dead at Athens, i. 234 sq.

Antigonus, King, i. 212

Antimachia in Cos, priest of Hercules at, ii. 258

Antioch, destroyed by an earthquake, i. 222 n. 1;

festival of Adonis at, 227, 257 sq.

Antiochus, Greek calendar of, i. 303 n. 3

Antwerp, feast of All Souls in, ii. 70

Anubis, Egyptian jackal-headed god, ii. 15, 18n. 3, 22n. 2;

finds the body of Osiris, 85

Apameia, worship of Poseidon at, i. 195

Aphaca in Syria, sanctuary of Astarte at, i. 28, 259;

meteor as signal for festival at, 259

[pg 272]

Aphrodite, her sacred doves, i. 33, 147;

sanctuary of, at Paphos, 33 sqq.;

the month of, 145;

her blood dyes white roses red, 226;

name applied to summer, ii. 41

—— and Adonis, i. 11 sq., 29, 280;

their marriage celebrated at Alexandria, 224

—— and Cinyras, i. 48 sq.

—— and Pygmalion, i. 49 sq.

—— of the Lebanon, the mourning, i. 29 sq.

Apinagos Indians of Brazil, their dances and presentation of children to the moon, ii. 145sqq.

Apis, sacred Egyptian bull, ii. 11, 119n.;

mourning for the death of, i. 225;

held to be an image of the soul of Osiris, ii. 130

Apollo, the friend of Cinyras, i. 54;

music in the worship of, 54 sq.;

reputed father of Augustus, 81;

the Catalonian, 147 n. 3;

his musical contest with Marsyas, 288;

purified at Tempe, ii. 240

—— and Artemis, their priesthood at Ephesus, ii. 243sq.

—— and Marsyas, i. 55

—— at Delphi, sacrifices of Croesus to, i. 180 n. 1;

and the Dragon at Delphi, ii. 240

—— of the Golden Sword, i. 176

—— the Four-handed, ii. 250n. 2

Apotheosis by being burnt alive, i. 179 sq.

Appian, on the costume of a priest of Isis, ii. 85n. 3

Apples forbidden to worshippers of Cybele and Attis, i. 280 n. 7

Apuleius, on the worship of Isis, ii. 119n.

Arab name for the scarlet anemone, i. 226

Arabic writer on the mourning for Tá-uz (Tammuz) in Harran, i. 230

Arabs resort to the springs of Callirrhoe in Moab, i. 215 sq.

—— of Moab, their custom at harvest, ii. 48, 96;

their remedies for ailments, 242

Aratus of Sicyon, deemed a son of Aesculapius, i. 81

Araucanian Indians of South America eat fruit of Araucanian pine, i. 278 n. 2

Araunah, the threshing-floor of, i. 24

Arcadians sacrifice to thunder and lightning, i. 157

Archigallus, high-priest of Attis, i. 268, 279;

prophesies, 271 n.

Arctic origin, alleged, of the Aryans, i. 229 n. 1

Arenna or Arinna, i. 136 n. 1;

the sun-goddess of, 136

Arensdorf, custom at sowing in, i. 239

Argaeus, Mount, in Cappadocia, i. 190 sq.

Argive brides wore false beards, ii. 260

—— women bewail Adonis, i. 227 n.

Aristomenes, Messenian hero, his fabulous birth, i. 81

Aristophanes, on the Spartan envoy, i. 196 n. 4;

on Hercules as patron of hot springs, 209

Aristotelian philosophy, revival of the, i. 301

Aristotle on the political institutions of Cyprus, i. 49 n. 7;

on earthquakes, 211 n. 3

Armengols, in the Pelew Islands, ii. 265

Armenia, sacred prostitution of girls before marriage in, i. 38, 58

Armenians, their festivals of the dead, ii. 65sq.;

their opinion of the baleful influence of the moon on children, 148

Arrian on Attis, i. 282

Artemis at Perga, i. 35;

name given by Greeks to Asiatic Mother Goddesses, 169

—— and Apollo, their priesthood at Ephesus, ii. 243

—— of Ephesus served by eunuch priests, i. 269

—— the Hanged, i. 291

——, Laphrian, at Patrae, i. 126 n. 2

——, Perasian, at Castabala, i. 115, 167 sqq.

——, Sarpedonian, in Cilicia, i. 167, 171

—— Tauropolis, i. 275 n. 1

——, the Tauric, human sacrifices to the, i. 115

Artemision, a Greek month, ii. 239n. 1

Arunta of Central Australia, their belief in the reincarnation of the dead, i. 99, 100

Arval Brethren, their wreaths of corn, i. 44 n.;

a Roman college of priests, ii. 239

Aryan family, marriage customs of the, ii. 235

Aryans, their alleged Arctic origin, i. 229 n. 1;

annual festivals of the dead among the, ii. 67sqq.

Aryenis, daughter of Alyattes, i. 133 n. 1

Ascalon, the goddess Derceto at, i. 34 n. 3

Ascension of Adonis, i. 225

Ashantee, human sacrifices at earthquakes in, i. 201;

kings of, their human sacrifices, ii. 97n. 7

Asherim, sacred poles, i. 18, 18 n. 2, 107, 108

Ashes of human victims scattered by winnowing-fans, ii. 97, 106

Ashtoreth (Astarte), i. 18 n. 2 See Astarte

Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, i. 144;

confused with the legendary Sardanapalus, [pg 273] 173 sq.;

carries off the bones of the kings of Elam, ii. 103

Ashvin, an Indian month, i. 243

Asia Minor, priestly dynasties of, i. 140 sq.;

subject to volcanic forces, 190;

subject to earthquakes, 202

Asiatic goddesses of fertility served by eunuch priests, i. 269 sq.

Asopus, the river, i. 81

“A-souling,” custom of, in England, ii. 79

Aspalis, a form of Artemis, i. 292

Assam, the Khasis of, i. 46, ii. 202sqq.;

the Tangkul Nagas of, ii. 57sqq.

Assumption of the Virgin and the festival of Diana, i. 308, 309

Assyrian cavalry, i. 25 n. 3

Assyrians in Cilicia, i. 173

Astarte at Byblus, i. 13 sq.;

and the asherim, 18;

kings as priests of, 26;

at Paphos, 33 sqq.;

doves sacred to, 147;

identified with the planet Venus, 258;

of the Syrian Hierapolis served by eunuch priests, 269 sq.;

called by Lucian the Assyrian Hera, 280 n. 5;

the Heavenly Goddess, 303;

the planet Venus her star, ii. 35

—— Aphrodite, i. 304 n.

Asteria, mother of the Tyrian Hercules (Melcarth), i. 112

Astyages, king of the Medes, i. 133 n. 1

Asvattha tree, i. 82

Atargatis, Syrian goddess, i. 34 n. 3, 137;

worshipped at Hierapolis-Bambyce, 162 sq.;

derivation of the name, 162;

her husband-god, 162 sq.

Ates, a Phrygian, i. 286

Athamas, the dynasty of, i. 287

Athanasius, on the mourning for Osiris, ii. 217

'Atheh, Cilician goddess, i. 162

Athena, temple of, at Salamis in Cyprus, i. 145;

and hot springs, 209, 210

——, Magarsian, a Cilician goddess, i. 169 n. 3

—— Sciras, sanctuary of, ii. 238

Athenian boys, race of, at the vintage, ii. 238;

boy carrying an olive-branch in procession, 238

Athenians, their superstition as to an eclipse of the moon, ii. 141

Athens, sacred serpent at, i. 87;

the Commemoration of the Dead at, 234;

sacrifice of an ox at, 296 sq.;

marriage custom at, ii. 245

Athribis, heart of Osiris at, ii. 11

Athyr, Egyptian month, ii. 8, 41, 49n. 1;

Osiris murdered on the seventeenth day of, 8, 84;

festival of Osiris in the month of, 84sqq., 91

Atonga, tribe of Lake Nyassa, their theory of earthquakes, i. 199

Attica, summer festival of Adonis in, i. 226

Attis, priests of Cybele called, i. 140;

sometimes identified with Adonis, 263;

myth and ritual of, 263 sqq.;

beloved by Cybele, 263, 282;

legends of his death, 264;

his legend at Pessinus, 264;

his self-mutilation, 264 sq.;

and the pine-tree, 264, 265, 267, 271, 277 sq., 285, ii. 98n. 5;

his eunuch priests, i. 265, 266;

festival of his death and resurrection in March, 267 sqq., 272 sq., 307 sq.;

violets sprung from the blood of, 267;

the mourning for, 272;

bath of bull's blood in the rites of, 274 sqq.;

mysteries of, 274 sq.;

as a god of vegetation, 277 sqq., 279;

as the Father God, 281 sqq.;

identified with Zeus, 282;

as a sky-god, 282 sqq.;

emasculation of, suggested explanation of myth, 283;

his star-spangled cap, 284;

identified with Phrygian moon-god Men Tyrannus, 284;

human representatives of, 285 sqq.;

title borne by priests of Cybele, 285, 287

——, Adonis, Osiris, their mythical similarity, i. 6, ii. 201

Atys, son of Croesus, his death, i. 286;

early king of Lydia, 286

Aubrey, John, on soul-cakes, ii. 78

Augustine on the effeminate priests of the Great Mother, i. 298;

on the heathen origin of Christmas, 305;

on the discovery of corn by Isis, ii. 116;

on Salacia as the wife of Neptune, 233

Augustodunum (Autun), worship of Cybele at, i. 279

Augustus reputed a son of Apollo, i. 81

Aulus Gellius on the influence of the moon, ii. 132

Aun, or On, King of Sweden, sacrifices his sons to Odin, ii. 220

Aunis, feast of All Souls in, ii. 69sq.

Aurelia Aemilia, a sacred harlot, i. 38

Aurohuacas, Indians of Colombia, i. 23 n. 2

Aust, E., on the marriage of the Roman gods, ii. 236n. 1

Australia, belief as to the reincarnation of the dead in, i. 99 sqq.

Australian aborigines, their preparation for marriage, i. 60;

their belief in conception without sexual intercourse, 99 sqq.;

their cuttings for the dead, 268

Austria, leaping over Midsummer fires in, i. 251

“Awakening of Hercules,” festival at Tyre, i. 111

[pg 274]

Awemba, Bantu tribe of Rhodesia, ii. 174;

their worship of ancestral spirits, 175;

their prayers to dead kings before going to war, 191sq.

Axe, emblem of Hittite god of thundering sky, i. 134;

as divine emblem, 163;

symbol of Asiatic thunder-god, 183

——, double-headed, symbol of Sandan, i. 127;

carried by Lydian kings, 182;

a palladium of the Heraclid sovereignty, 182;

figured on coins, 183 n.

Ba-bwende, a tribe of the Congo, i. 271 n.

Ba-sundi, a tribe of the Congo, i. 271 n.

Baal, Semitic god, i. 15, 16;

royal names compounded with, 16;

as the god of fertility, 26 sq.;

conceived as god who fertilizes land by subterranean water, 159

—— and Sandan at Tarsus, i. 142 sq., 161

—— of the Lebanon, i. 32

—— of Tarsus, i. 117 sqq., 162 sq.

Baalath or Astarte, i. 26, 34

—— and Baal, i. 27

—— Gebal, i. 14

Baalbec, i. 28;

sacred prostitution at, 37;

image of Hadad at, 163

Baalim, firstlings and first-fruits offered to the, i. 27;

called lovers, 75 n.

Babylon, early kings of, worshipped as gods, i. 15;

worship of Mylitta at, 36;

religious prostitution at, 58;

human wives of Marduk at, 71;

sanctuary of Serapis at, ii. 119n.

Babylonia, worship of Tammuz in, i. 6 sqq.;

the moon-god took precedence of the sun-god in ancient, ii. 138sq.

Babylonian hymns to Tammuz, i. 9

Bacchanals tear Pentheus in pieces, ii. 98

Bacchic orgies suppressed by Roman government, i. 301 n. 2

Bacchylides as to Croesus on the pyre, i. 175 sq.

Backbone of Osiris represented by the ded pillar, ii. 108sq.

Baden, feast of All Souls in, ii. 74

Baethgen, F., on goddess 'Hatheh, i. 162 n. 2

Baganda, their worship of the python, i. 86;

rebirth of the dead among the, 92 sq.;

their theory of earthquakes, 199;

their presentation of infants to the new moon, ii. 144, 145;

ceremony observed by the king at new moon, 147;

their worship of dead kings, 167sqq.;

their veneration for the ghosts of dead relations, 191n. 1;

their pantheon, 196;

human sacrifices offered to prolong the life of their kings, 223sqq.

Bagishu (Bageshu) of Mount Elgon, reincarnation of the dead among the, i. 92

Bagobos of the Philippine Islands, their theory of earthquakes, i. 200;

of Mindanao, their custom of hanging and spearing human victims, 290 sq.

Baharutsis, a Bantu tribe of South Africa, ii. 179

Bahima, their belief as to dead kings and chiefs, i. 83 n. 1

—— of Ankole in Central Africa, their worship of the dead, ii. 190sq.;

their belief in a supreme god Lugaba, 190

—— of Kiziba, ii. 173

Baigas, Dravidian tribe of India, their objection to agriculture, i. 89

Bailly, French astronomer, on the Arctic origin of the rites of Adonis, i. 229

Bairu, the, of Kiziba, ii. 173

Baku, on the Caspian, perpetual fires at, i. 192

Balinese, their conduct in an earthquake, i. 198

Baloi, witches and wizards, ii. 104

Banana, women impregnated by the flower of the, i. 93

Bangalas of the Congo, rebirth of dead among the, i. 92. See also Boloki

Bantu tribes, their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, i. 82 sqq.;

their worship of ancestral spirits, ii. 174sqq.;

their main practical religion a worship of ancestors, 176sqq.;

their worship of the dead, 176sqq., 191sqq.

Banyoro, their worship of serpents, i. 86 n. 1

Baptism of bull's blood in the rites of Cybele, i. 274 sqq.

Bar-rekub, king of Samal, i. 15 sq.

Baralongs, a Bantu tribe of South Africa, ii. 179

Barea and Kunama, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 66

Barley forced for festival, i. 240, 241, 242, 244, 251 sq.

—— and wheat discovered by Isis, ii. 116

Barotse, a Bantu tribe of the Zambesi, their belief in a supreme god Niambe, ii. 193;

their worship of dead kings, 194sq.

Barren women resort to graves in order to get children, i. 90;

entice souls of dead children to them, 94

Barrenness of women cured by passing through holed stone, i. 36, with n. 4;

removed by serpent, 86;

children murdered as a remedy for, 95

Barrows of Halfdan, ii. 100

[pg 275]

Barsom, bundle of twigs used by Parsee priests, i. 191 n. 2

Barth, H., on sculptures at BoghazKeui, i. 133 n. 1

Basil, pots of, on St. John's Day in Sicily, i. 245

Basuto chiefs buried secretly, ii. 104

Basutos, worship of the dead among the, ii. 179sq.

Bataks of Sumatra, their theory of earthquakes, i. 199 sq.

Batara-guru, the Batak creator, i. 199 sq.

Bath in river at the rites of Cybele, i. 273, 274 n.;

of bull's blood in the rites of Attis, 274 sqq.;

of image of Cybele perhaps a rain-charm, 280

—— of Aphrodite, i. 280

—— of Demeter, i. 280

—— of Hera in the river Burrha, i. 280;

in the spring of Canathus, 280

Bathing on St. John's Day or Eve (Midsummer Day or Eve), i. 246 sqq.;

pagan origin of the custom, 249

Baths of Hercules, i. 212

—— of Solomon in Moab, i. 215

Batoo Bedano, an earthquake god, i. 202

Battle, purificatory ceremonies after a, ii. 251sq.

—— of the gods and giants, i. 157

Baudissin, W. W. Graf von, on Tammuz and Adonis, i. 6 n. 1;

on Adonis as the personification of the spring vegetation, 228 n. 6;

on summer festival of Adonis, 232 n.

Bavaria, gardens of Adonis in, i. 244

Bawenda, the, of South Africa, the positions of their villages hidden, ii. 251

Bearded Venus, in Cyprus, i. 165, ii. 259n. 3

Beaufort, F., on perpetual flame in Lycia, i. 222 n.

Bechuana ritual at founding a new town, ii. 249

Bechuanas, their sacrifice of a blind bull on various occasions, ii. 249, 250sq.

Bede, on the feast of All Saints, ii. 83

Beech, M. W. H., on serpent-worship, i. 85

Beena marriage in Ceylon, ii. 215

Begbie, General, i. 62 n.

Bel or Marduk at Babylon, i. 71

Belgium, feast of All Souls in, ii. 70

Bellerophon and Pegasus, i. 302 n. 4

Bellona and Mars, ii. 231

Ben-hadad, king of Damascus, i. 15

Bendall, Professor C., i. 229 n. 1

Benefit of clergy, i. 68

Bengal, the Oraons and Mundas of, i. 46, 240

Benin, human victims crucified at, i. 294 n. 3

Bent, J. Theodore, discovers ruins of Olba, i. 151;

identifies site of Hieropolis-Castabala, 168 n. 1

Berecynthia, title of Cybele, i. 279 n. 4

Berenice and Ptolemy, annual festival in their honour, ii. 35n. 1

Bes, Egyptian god, i. 118 n. 1

Bethlehem, worship of Adonis at, i. 257 sqq.;

fertility of the neighbourhood, 257 n. 3;

the Star of, 259

Betsileo of Madagascar, their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, i. 83

Bghais, a Karen tribe of Burma, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 60sq.

Bhâdon, Indian month, i. 243

Bharbhunjas, of the Central Provinces, India, marriage custom of the, ii. 262

Bharias, of the Central Provinces, India, exchange of costume between men and women at marriage among the, ii. 260sq.

Bhujariya, festival in the Central Provinces of India, i. 242

Bilaspore, infant burial in, i. 94 sq.;

annual festival of the dead in, ii. 60

Bion on the scarlet anemone, i. 226 n. 1

Bird, soul of a tree in a, ii. 111n. 1

—— called “the soul of Osiris,” ii. 110

Birds burnt in honour of Artemis, i. 126 n. 2;

white, souls of dead kings incarnate in, ii. 162

Birks, Rev. E. B., on harvest custom at Orwell, i. 237 n. 4

Birth, new, through blood in rites of Attis, i. 274 sq.;

of Egyptian kings at the Sed festival, ii. 153, 155sq.

Birthday of the Sun, the twenty-fifth of December, i. 303 sqq.

Bisa chiefs reincarnated in pythons, ii. 193

Bishnois of the Punjaub, infant burial among the, i. 94

Bithynians invoke Attis, i. 282

Black-snake clan, i. 100

Blay, men's clubhouse in the Pelew Islands, ii. 265

Blekinge, province of Sweden, Midsummer custom in, i. 251

Blind bull sacrificed at the foundation of a town, ii. 249;

sacrificed before an army going to war, 250

Blood, bath of bull's, in the rites of Attis, i. 274 sqq.;

remission of sins through the shedding of, 299;

used in expiation for homicide, 299 n. 2;

of pig used in exorcism and purification, 299 n. 2;

not to be shed in certain sacrifices, ii. 222n. 2

[pg 276]

Blood, the Day of, in the festival of Attis, i. 268, 285

Blowing of Trumpets in the festival of Attis, i. 268

Blue Spring, the, at Syracuse, i. 213 n. 1

Boar, Attis killed by a, i. 264

Bocage of Normandy, rule as to the clipping of wool in the, ii. 134n. 3

Bodies of the dead, magical uses made of the, ii. 100sqq.;

guarded against mutilation, 103;

thought to be endowed with magical powers, 103, 104sq.

Bodroum in Cilicia, ruins of, i. 167

Boghaz-Keui, Hittite capital, excavations of H. Winckler at, i. 125 n.;

situation and remains, 128 sqq.;

the gods of, 128 sqq.;

rock-hewn sculptures at, 129 sqq.

Bohemia, May-pole or Midsummer-tree in, i. 250;

feast of All Souls in, ii. 72sq.

Bolivia, the Chiriguanos Indians of, ii. 143n. 4, 145

Boloki, or Bangala, of the Upper Congo, their ceremonies at the new moon, ii. 143;

attempt to deceive spirit of disease among the, 262

Bones of the dead used in rain-making ceremonies, i. 22;

of dead kings carried off or destroyed by enemies, ii. 103sq.

——, fossil, source of myths about giants, i. 157 sq.

Bonfire on St. John's Eve, dances round it, i. 245

Book of the Dead, ii. 13

Bor, the ancient Tyana, Hittite monument at, i. 122 n. 1

Borneo, custom of head-hunting in, i. 294 sqq.;

effeminate sorcerers in, ii. 253, 256

Bosanquet, Professor R. C., on the Four-handed Apollo, ii. 250n. 2

Bosman, W., on serpent-worship, i. 67

Bouche, Abbé, on West African priestesses, i. 66 n. 3, 69

Boys of living parents in ritual, ii. 236sqq.;

dressed as girls to avert the Evil Eye, 260;

marriage customs to ensure the birth of, 262

Brahman marriage in Southern India, bride dressed as a boy at, ii. 260

Brazil, the Apinagos Indians of, ii. 145sqq.

Brazilian Indians, their belief in the noxious influence of the moon on children, ii. 148

Bread, fast from, in mourning for Attis, i. 272

Breasted, Professor J. H., on the eye of Horus, ii. 121n. 3;

on Amenophis IV., 123n. 1;

on the Sed festival, 156n. 1

Breath not to defile sacred flame, i. 191

Brethren of the Ploughed Fields (Fratres Arvales), a Roman college of priests, ii. 239.

See also Arval Brethren

“Bride” of the Nile, ii. 38

—— and Bridegroom at Midsummer in Sweden, i. 251

Bridegroom disfigured in order to avert the evil eye, ii. 261

British Columbia, the Indians of, respect the animals and plants which they eat, ii. 44

Brittany, feast of All Souls in, ii. 69;

belief as to warts and the moon in, 149

Bromo, volcano in Java, worshipped, i. 220 sq.

Brother of a god, i. 51;

dead elder, worshipped, ii. 175

Brothers and sisters, marriages of, in royal families, i. 44;

in ancient Egypt, ii. 214sqq.;

their intention to keep the property in the family, 215sq.

Brown, A. R., on the beliefs of the West Australian aborigines as to the causes of childbirth, i. 104 sqq.

Brown, Dr. George, on snakes as reincarnations of chiefs, i. 84

Bruges, feast of All Souls in, ii. 70

Brugsch, H., on Egyptian names for a year, ii. 26n. 1;

on the Sothic period, 37n.;

on the grave of Osiris at Philae, 111;

on Isis as a personified corn-field, 117

Buddha and Buddhism, ii. 159

Buddhism, spiritual declension of, i. 310 sq.

Budge, Dr. E. A. Wallis, on goddess Net, i. 282 n.;

on an Egyptian funeral rite, ii. 15n. 2;

on Isis, 115sq.;

on the nature of Osiris, 126n. 2;

on the solar theory of Osiris, 131n. 3;

on the historical reality of Osiris, 160n. 1;

on Khenti-Amenti, 198n. 2

Buduna tribe of West Australia, their beliefs as to the birth of children, i. 104 sq.

Bugis of South Celebes, effeminate priests or sorcerers among the, ii. 253sq.

Bulgaria, marriage customs in, ii. 246

Bull as emblem of generative force, i. 123;

worshipped by the Hittites, 123, 132;

emblem of Hittite thunder-god, 134 sqq.;

Hittite god standing on a, 135;

as emblem of a thunder-god, 136;

as symbol of thunder and fertility, 163 sq.;

the emblem of the Father God, 164;

worshipped at Euyuk, 164;

testicles of, used in rites of Cybele and Attis, 276;

sacrificed at Egyptian funeral, ii. 15;

white, [pg 277] soul of dead king incarnate in a, 164;

sacrificed to prolong the life of a king, 222;

sacrificed to Zeus, the Saviour of the City, 238;

blinded and sacrificed at the foundation of a town, 249

Bull's blood, bath of, in the rites of Attis, i. 274 sq.

—— hide cut in strips and pegged down round the site of a new town, ii. 249;

bride seated on a, 246

—— skin, body of the dead placed in a, ii. 15n. 2

Bulls, husband-god at Hierapolis seated on, i. 163

—— sacrificed at caves of Pluto, i. 206;

sacrificed to Persephone, 213 n. 1;

sacrificed to dead chiefs, ii. 191

Burial at cross-roads, i. 93 n. 1

—— of infants to ensure their rebirth, i. 91, 93 sqq.;

at Gezer, 108 sq.;

of Osiris in his rites, ii. 88

Burma, the Bghais of, ii. 60

Burmese, their conduct during an earthquake, i. 201

Burne, Miss C. S., and Miss G. F. Jackson on “Souling Day” in Shropshire, ii. 78sq.

Burning of Melcarth, i. 110 sqq.;

of Sandan, 117 sqq.;

of Cilician gods, 170 sq.;

of Sardanapalus, 172 sqq.;

of Croesus, 174 sqq.;

of a god, 188 sq.

Burnings for dead kings of Judah, i. 177 sq.;

for dead Jewish Rabbis at Meiron, 178

Burns, Robert, on John Barleycorn, i. 230 sq.

Burnt alive, apotheosis by being, i. 179 sq.

—— Land of Lydia, i. 193 sq.

Burrha, river, Hera's bath in the, i. 280

Buru, East Indian island, use of oil as a charm in, i. 21 n. 2

Busiris, backbone of Osiris at, ii. 11;

specially associated with Osiris, 18;

the ritual of, 86;

rites of Osiris at, 87sq.;

festival of Osiris in the month of Khoiak at, 108;

temple of Usirniri at, 151

Busiro, the district containing the graves and temples of the kings of Uganda, ii. 168, 169, 224

Bustard totem, i. 104

Buto, city in Egypt, ii. 10

Butterflies, soul of a dead king incarnate in, ii. 164

Byblus, Adonis at, i. 13 sqq.;

the kings of, 14 sqq.;

mourning for Adonis at, 38;

religious prostitution at, 58;

inspired prophets at, 75 sq.;

festival of Adonis at, 225;

Osiris and Isis at, ii. 9;

the queen of, 9;

Osiris associated with, 22sq., 127;

its relation to Egypt, 127n. 1

Byrsa, origin of the name, ii. 250

Cadmus turned into a snake, i. 86 sq.;

perhaps personated by the Laurel-bearer at Thebes, ii. 241

——, Mount, i. 207

Cadys, a Lydian, i. 183

Caeculus, son of the fire-god Vulcan, ii. 235

Caesar introduces the Julian calendar, ii. 37;

as to German observation of the moon, 141

Caffre purificatory ceremonies after a battle, ii. 251sq.

Cairo, ceremony of cutting the dams at, ii. 38, 39sq.

Calabar district, heads of chiefs buried secretly in the, ii. 104

Calabria, Easter custom in, i. 254

Calauria, Poseidon worshipped in, i. 203 n. 2

Calendar, the natural, ii. 25

——, the Alexandrian, used by Plutarch, ii. 84

——, the Coptic, ii. 6n. 3

——, the Egyptian, ii. 24sqq.;

date of its introduction, 36n. 2

—— of the Egyptian farmer, ii. 30sqq.

—— of Esne, ii. 49sq.

—— of the Indians of Yucatan, ii. 28n.

——, the Julian, ii. 93n. 1

—— of the ancient Mexicans, its mode of intercalation, ii. 28n. 3

—— of Philocalus, i. 303 n. 2, 304 n. 3, ii. 95n. 1

Calendars, the Roman Rustic, ii. 95n. 1

California, the Karok Indians of, ii. 47;

the Indians of, their annual festivals of the dead, 52sq.

Californian Indians eat pine nuts, i. 278 n. 2;

their notion that the owl is the guardian of the “California big tree,” ii. 111n. 1

Callaway, Rev. Henry, on the worship of the dead among the Zulus, ii. 184sq.

Callirrhoe, the springs of, in Moab, i. 214 sqq.

Calpurnius Piso, L., on the wife of Vulcan, ii. 232sq.

Calycadnus River, in Cilicia, i. 167 n. 2

Camasene and Janus, ii. 235n. 6

Cambodia, annual festival of the dead in, ii. 61sq.

Cambridge, personal relics of Kibuka, the war-god of the Baganda, preserved at, ii. 197

Cambyses, king of Persia, his treatment of Amasis, i. 176 n. 2

Cameroon negroes, expiation for homicide among the, i. 299 n. 2

[pg 278]

Camul, custom as to hospitality in, i. 39 n. 3

Canaanite kings of Jerusalem, i. 17

Canathus, Hera's annual bath in the spring of, i. 280

Candaules, king of Lydia, i. 182, 183

Canicular year, a Sothic period, ii. 36n. 2

Canopic decree, ii. 34n. 1, 37n., 88n. 2

Canopus, the decree of, ii. 27

Capaneus and Evadne, i. 177 n. 3

Cape Bedford in Queensland, belief of the natives as to the birth of children, i. 102

Capital punishment among some peoples originally a sacrifice, i. 290 n. 2

Capitol at Rome, ceremonies at the rebuilding of the, ii. 244

Cappadocia, volcanic region of, i. 189 sqq.;

fire-worship in, 191 sq.

Car Nicobar, exorcism in, i. 299 n. 2

Carchemish, Hittite capital on Euphrates, i. 123, 137 n. 2, 138 n.

Carchi, a province of Ecuador, All Souls' Day in, ii. 80

Caria, Zeus Labrandeus in, i. 182;

poisonous vapours in, 205 sq.

Carians, their mourning for Osiris, ii. 86n. 1

Caribs worshipped the moon in preference to the sun, ii. 138

Carlyle, Thomas, on the execution of the astronomer Bailly, i. 229 n. 1

Carna and Janus, ii. 235n. 6

Carnae, temples at, ii. 124;

the sculptures at, 154

Carnival at Rome in the rites of Attis, i. 273

—— custom in Thracian villages, ii. 99sq.

Carpini, de Plano, on funeral customs of the Mongols, i. 293

Carthage, legend and worship of Dido at, i. 113 sq.;

Hamilcar worshipped at, 116;

the suffetes of, 116 n. 1;

rites of Cybele at, 274 n.;

the effeminate priests of the Great Mother at, 298;

legend as to the foundation of, ii. 250

Casalis, E., on serpent-worship, i. 84;

on the worship of the dead among the Basutos, ii. 179sq.

Castabala in Cappadocia, i. 168

—— in Cilicia, worship of Perasian Artemis at, i. 115, 167 sqq.

Castelnau, F. de, on the reverence of the Apinagos for the moon, ii. 146sq.

Castiglione a Casauria, in the Abruzzi, Midsummer custom at, i. 246

Castor's tune, i. 196 n. 3

Castration of Cronus and Uranus, i. 283;

of sky-god, suggested explanation of, 283;

of priests, suggested explanation of, 283 sq.

Catafalque burnt at funeral of king of Siam, i. 179

Catania in Sicily, the vineyards of, i. 194;

gardens of Adonis at, 245

Catholic Church, the ritual of the, i. 54;

ceremonies on Good Friday in the, 254, 255 sq.

Cato, i. 43

Catullus on self-mutilation of a priest of Attis, i. 270

Caucasus, the Albanians of the, i. 73;

the Chewsurs of the, ii. 65

Cauldron, the magical, which makes the old young again, i. 181

Caverns of Demeter, i. 88

Caves, limestone, i. 152;

in Semitic religion, 169 n. 3

Cecrops, father of Agraulus, i. 145

Cedar forests of Cilicia, i. 149, 150 n. 1

—— sprung from the body of Osiris, ii. 110

—— -tree god, Osiris interpreted as a, ii. 109n. 1

Celaenae, skin of Marsyas shown at, i. 288

Celebes, conduct of the inhabitants in an earthquake, i. 200

——, Central, the Toradjas of, ii. 33

——, Southern, marriage custom in, ii. 260

Celenderis in Cilicia, i. 41

Celtic year reckoned from November 1st, ii. 81

Censorinus, on the date of the rising of Sirius, ii. 34n. 1

Central Provinces of India, gardens of Adonis in the, i. 242 sq.

Ceos, the rising of Sirius observed in, ii. 35n. 1;

rule as to the pollution of death in, 227

Cereals cultivated in ancient Egypt, ii. 30

Ceremonies, magical, for the regulation of the seasons, i. 3 sqq.

Ceres married to Orcus, ii. 231

Ceylon, beena marriage in, ii. 215

Chadwick, Professor H. M., ii. 81n. 3;

on the dismemberment of Halfdan the Black, 100n. 2;

on a priest dressed as a woman, 259n. 2

Change in date of Egyptian festivals with the adoption of the fixed Alexandrian year, ii. 92sqq.

Chants, plaintive, of corn-reapers in antiquity, ii. 45sq.

Charlemagne compared to Osiris, ii. 199

Charm, to protect a town, ii. 249sqq.

Charon, places of, i. 204, 205

Charonia, places of Charon, i. 204

Chastity, ceremonial, i. 43;

ordeal of, 115 n. 2

[pg 279]

Chent-Ament (Khenti-Amenti), title of Osiris, ii. 87

Chephren, King of Egypt, his statue, ii. 21sq.

Cherokee Indians, their myth of the Old Woman of the corn, ii. 46sq.;

their lamentations after “the first working of the corn,” 47

Cheshire, All Souls' Day in, ii. 79

Chewsurs of the Caucasus, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 65

Cheyne, T. K., on lament for kings of Judah, i. 20 n. 2

Chief, ancestral, reincarnate in snakes, i. 84

Chiefs in the Pelew Islands, custom of slaying, ii. 266sqq.

——, dead, worshipped, ii. 175, 176, 177, 179, 181sq., 187;

thought to control the rain, 188;

human sacrifices to, 191;

spirits of, prophesy through living men and women, 192sq.

“Child-stones,” where souls of dead await rebirth, i. 100

Childbirth, primitive ignorance of the causes of, i. 106 sq.

Childless women expect offspring from St. George, i. 78;

resort to Baths of Solomon, 78;

receive offspring from serpent, 86;

resort to graves in order to secure offspring, 96;

resort to hot springs in Syria, 213 sqq.

Children bestowed by saints, i. 78 sq.;

given by serpent, 86;

murdered that their souls may be reborn in barren women, 95;

sacrificed to volcano in Siao, 219;

sacrificed at irrigation channels, ii. 38;

sacrificed by the Mexicans for the maize, 107;

presented to the moon, 144sqq.

—— of God, i. 68

—— of living parents in ritual, ii. 236sqq.;

apparently thought to be endowed with more vitality than others, 247sq.

Chili, earthquakes in, i. 202

Chimaera, Mount, in Lycia, perpetual fire on, i. 221

China, funeral of emperor of, i. 294

Chinese author on disturbance of earth-spirits by agriculture, i. 89

—— character compared to that of the ancient Egyptians, ii. 218

Chios, men sacrificed to Dionysus in, ii. 98sq.

Chiriguanos Indians of Bolivia, their address to the sun, ii. 143n. 4

Chiriqui, volcano, i. 181

Chittim (Citium) in Cyprus, i. 31

Chnum of Elephantine identified with the sun, ii. 123

Choctaws, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 53sq.

Christ crucified on March 25th, tradition, i. 306

Christian, F. W., on the prostitution of unmarried girls in Yap, ii. 265sq.

Christian festivals displace heathen festivals, i. 308

Christianity and paganism, their resemblances explained as diabolical counterfeits, i. 302, 309 sq.

Christians and pagans, their controversy as to Easter, i. 309 sq.

Christmas, festival of, borrowed from the Mithraic religion, i. 302 sqq.;

the heathen origin of, 305

Chu-en-aten, name assumed by King Amenophis IV., ii. 124

Chukchees of North-Eastern Asia, effeminate sorcerers among the, ii. 256sq.

Cicero at Cybistra, i. 122 n. 3;

corresponds with Cilician king, 145 n. 2

Cilicia, male deity of, assimilated to Zeus, i. 118 sq.;

kings of, their affinity to Sandan, 144;

the Assyrians in, 173

——, Western or Rugged, described, i. 148 sqq.;

fossils of, 152 sq.

Cilician deity assimilated to Zeus, i. 144 sqq., 148, 152

—— Gates, pass of the, i. 120

—— goddesses, i. 161 sqq.

—— gods, the burning of, i. 170 sq.

—— pirates, i. 149 sq.

—— priests, names of, i. 144

Cincius Alimentus, L., on Maia as the wife of Vulcan, ii. 232

Cinyrads, dynasty of the, i. 41 sqq.

Cinyras, the father of Adonis, i. 13, 14, 49;

king of Byblus, 27;

founds sanctuary of Astarte, 28;

said to have instituted religious prostitution, 41, 50;

his daughters, 41, 50;

his riches, 42;

his incest, 43;

wooed by Aphrodite, 48 sq.;

meaning of the name, 52;

the friend of Apollo, 54;

legends of his death, 55

Ciotat in Provence, bathing at Midsummer at, i. 248

Circumcision, exchange of dress between men and women at, ii. 263

Citium (Chittim), in Cyprus, i. 31, 50

Civilization, ancient, undermined by Oriental religions and other causes, i. 299 sqq.

Claudianus, Lucius Minius, i. 164

Claudius, the Emperor, and the rites of Attis, i. 266

Claudius Gothicus, the Emperor, i. 266 n. 2

Clavigero, on the Mexican calendar, ii. 28n.

[pg 280]

Cleomenes, King of Sparta, and serpents, i. 87

Cleon of Magnesia at Gades, i. 113

Climatic and geographical conditions, their effect on national character, ii. 217

Clymenus, king of Arcadia, his incest, i. 44 n. 1

Cnossus in Crete, prehistoric palace at, i. 34

Cochinchina, annual festival of the dead in, ii. 65

Cock as emblem of a priest of Attis, i. 279

Codrington, Dr. R. H., on mother-kin in Melanesia, ii. 211

Coimbatore, dancing-girls at, i. 62

Coincidence between the Christian and the heathen festivals of the divine death and resurrection, i. 308 sq.

Cologne, Petrarch at, on St. John's Eve, i. 247 sq.

Colombia, rule as to the felling of timber in, ii. 136

Comana, in Cappadocia, i. 136 n. 1

—— in Pontus, worship of goddess Ma at, i. 39;

swine not allowed to enter, 265 n. 1

——, the two cities, i. 168 n. 6

Commemoration of the Dead at Athens, i. 234

Commodus, conspiracy against, i. 273;

addicted to the worship of Isis, ii. 118

Communal rights over women, i. 40, 61 n.

Compromise of Christianity with paganism, parallel with Buddhism, i. 310 sqq.

Conception, supposed, without sexual intercourse, i. 91, 93 n. 2, 264;

in women supposed to be caused by food, 96, 102, 103, 104, 105.

See also Impregnation

Conceptional animals and plants as causes of pregnancy in women, i. 97 sq., 104 sq.

Concubines, human, of the god Ammon, i. 72

Conder, C. R., on “holy men” in Syria, i. 77 n. 4;

on turning money at the new moon, ii. 149n. 2

Condylea in Arcadia, sacred grove of Artemis at, i. 291

Cone, image of Astarte, i. 14

Cones as emblems of a goddess, i. 34 sqq.;

votive, found in Babylonia, 35 n. 5

Confession of the dead, the Egyptian, ii. 13sq.

Confucianism, ii. 160

Congo, burial of infants on the, i. 91;

priest dressed as a woman on the, ii. 254sq.

Conibos Indians of the Ucayali River, their theory of earthquakes, i. 198

Conical stone as divine emblem, i. 165, 166

Constantine destroys temple of Astarte, i. 28;

suppresses sacred prostitution, 37;

removes standard cubit from the Serapeum, ii. 216sq.

Consus and Ops, ii. 233n. 6

Contest for the throne of Egypt, traditions of a, ii. 17sq.

Cook, A. B., i. 49 n. 6;

on name of priest of Corycian Zeus, 155 n. 1;

on the death of Romulus, ii. 98n. 2;

on the festival of Laurel-bearing at Thebes, 241n. 3;

on traces of mother-kin in the myth and ritual of Hercules, 259n. 4

Coomassie, in Ashantee, i. 201

Copenhagen, bathing on St. John's Eve at, i. 248

Coptic calendar, ii. 6n. 3

Corea, dance of eunuchs in, i. 270 n. 2

Coreans, their ceremony on the fifteenth day of the moon, ii. 143

Corn sprouting from the dead body of Osiris, ii. 89;

water thrown on the last corn cut, a rain-charm, i. 237 sq.

—— and grapes, symbols of the god of Tarsus, i. 119, 143;

of the god of Ibreez, 121;

figured with double-headed axe on Lydian coin, 183

—— and vine, emblems of the gods of Tarsus and Ibreez, i. 160 sq.

—— -god, Adonis as a, i. 230 sqq.;

Attis as a, 279;

mourned at midsummer, ii. 34;

Osiris as a, 89sqq., 96sqq.

—— -reaping in Egypt, Palestine, and Greece, date of the, i. 231 n. 3

—— -sieve, severed limbs of Osiris placed on a, ii. 97

—— -spirit, Tammuz or Adonis as a, i. 230 sqq.;

propitiation of the, perhaps fused with a worship of the dead, 233 sqq.;

represented as a dead old man, ii. 48, 96;

represented by human victims, 97, 106sq.

—— -stuffed effigies of Osiris buried with the dead as a symbol of resurrection, ii. 90sq., 114

—— -wreaths as first-fruits, i. 43;

worn by Arval Brethren, i. 44 n.

Coronation, human sacrifices to prolong a king's life at his, ii. 223

Corycian cave, priests of Zeus at the, i. 145;

the god of the, 152 sqq.;

described, 153 sq.;

saffron at the, 187;

name perhaps derived from crocus, 187

Corycus in Cilicia, ruins of, i. 153

Cos, traces of mother-kin in, ii. 259;

[pg 281]

Sacred Marriage in, 259n. 4;

bridegroom dressed as woman in, 260

Cosenza in Calabria, Easter custom at, i. 254

Cotys, king of Lydia, i. 187

Cow, image of, in the rites of Osiris, ii. 50, 84;

Isis represented with the head of a, 50;

thought to be impregnated by moonshine, 130sq.

—— goddess Shenty, ii. 88

Cows sacred to Isis, ii. 50

Creation of the world thought to be annually repeated, i. 284

Crescent-shaped chest in the rites of Osiris, ii. 85, 130

Crests of the Cilician pirates, i. 149

Crete, sacred trees and pillars in, i. 107 n. 2

Crimea, the Taurians of the, i. 294

Crocodile-shaped hero, i. 139 n. 1

Croesus, king of Lydia, captures Pteria, i. 128;

the burning of, 174 sqq., 179;

his burnt offerings to Apollo at Delphi, 180 n. 1;

dedicates golden lion at Delphi, 184;

his son Atys, 286

Cronion, a Greek month, ii. 238.

Cronus, identified with Phoenician El, i. 166;

castrates his father Uranus and is castrated by his son Zeus, 283;

name applied to winter, ii. 41

Crook and scourge or flail, the emblems of Osiris, ii. 108, 153, compare 20

Crooke, W., on sacred dancing-girls, i. 65 n. 1;

on Mohammedan saints, 78 n. 2;

on infant burial, 93 sq.;

on the custom of the False Bride, ii. 262n. 2

Crops dependent on serpent-god, i. 67;

human victims sacrificed for the, 290 sq.

Cross-roads, burial at, i. 93 n. 1

Crown-wearer, priest of Hercules at Tarsus, i. 143

Crowns as amulets, ii. 242sq.;

laid aside in mourning, etc., 243n. 2

—— of Egypt, the White and the Red, ii. 21n. 1

Crucifixion of Christ, tradition as to the date of, i. 306

—— of human victims at Benin, i. 294 n. 3;

gentile, at the spring equinox, 307 n.

Crux ansata, the Egyptian symbol of life, ii. 89

Cubit, the standard, kept in the temple of Serapis, ii. 217

Cultivation of staple food in the hands of women (Pelew Islands), ii. 206sq.

Cumont, Professor Franz, on the taurobolium, i. 275 n. 1;

on the Nativity of the Sun, 303 n. 3;

as to the parallel between Easter and the rites of Attis, 310 n. 1

Customs of the Pelew Islanders, ii. 253sqq., 266sqq.

Cuthar, father of Adonis, i. 13 n. 2

Cuttings for the dead, i. 268

Cyaxares, king of the Medes, i. 133 n., 174

Cybele, the image of, i. 35 n. 3;

her cymbals and tambourines, 54;

her lions and turreted crown, 137;

priests of, called Attis, 140;

the Mother of the Gods, 263;

her love for Attis, 263, 282;

her worship adopted by the Romans, 265;

sacrifice of virility to image of, 268;

subterranean chambers of, 268;

orgiastic rites of, 278;

a goddess of fertility, 279;

worshipped in Gaul, 279;

fasts observed by the worshippers of, 280;

a friend of Marsyas, 288;

effeminate priests of, ii. 257, 258

Cybistra in Cappadocia, i. 120, 122, 124

Cymbal, drinking out of a, i. 274

Cymbals in religious music, i. 52, 54

—— and tambourines in worship of Cybele, i. 54

Cynopolis, the cemetery of, ii. 90

Cypriote syllabary, i. 49 n. 7

Cyprus, Phoenicians in, i. 31 sq.;

Adonis in, 31 sqq.;

sacred prostitution in, 36, 50, 59;

Melcarth worshipped in, 117;

human sacrifices in, 145 sq.;

the bearded Venus in, ii. 259n. 3

Cyril of Alexandria on the festival of Adonis at Alexandria, i. 224 n. 2

Cyrus and Croesus, i. 174 sqq.

Cyzicus, worship of the Placianian Mother at, i. 274 n.

Dacia, hot springs in, i. 213

Dacotas, their theory of the waning moon, ii. 130

Dad pillar. See Ded pillar

Dahomans, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 66

Dahomey, kings of, their human sacrifices, ii. 97n. 7.

Dairyman, sacred, of the Todas, his custom as to the pollution of death, ii. 228;

bound to live apart from his wife, 229

Dalisandos in Isauria, inscriptions at, ii. 213n. 1

Damascus, Aramean kings of, i. 15

Damasen, a giant, i. 186

Damatrius, a Greek month, ii. 49n. 1

Dams in Egypt, the cutting of the, ii. 31sq., 37sq., 39sq.

Dance of eunuchs in Corea, i. 270 n. 2;

on the Congo, 271 n.;

of hermaphrodites in Pegu, 271 n.;

sacred, at the Sed festival, ii. 154;

of king before the ghosts of his ancestor, 192

[pg 282]

Dances, religious, i. 61, 65, 68;

at festivals of the dead, ii. 52, 53, 55, 58, 59;

at the new moon, 142

Dancing-girls in India, harlots and wives of the gods, i. 61 sqq.

Dañh-gbi, python-god, i. 66

Darmesteter, James, on the Fravashis, ii. 67n. 2;

his theory as to the date of the Gathas, ii. 84n.

Dâsî, dancing-girl, i. 63

Dastarkon in Cappadocia, i. 147 n. 3

Dates forbidden to worshippers of Cybele and Attis, i. 280

Daughter of a god, i. 51

David, King, in relation to the old kings of Jerusalem, i. 18 sq.;

his conquest of Ammon, 19;

his taking of a census, 24;

as a harper, 52, 53, 54

—— and Goliath, i. 19 n. 2

—— and Saul, i. 21

Davis, Mr. R. F., on harvest custom in Nottinghamshire, i. 238 n.

Day of Blood in rites of Attis, i. 268, 285

De Plano Carpini, on the funeral customs of the Mongols, i. 293

Dea Dia, a Roman goddess of fertility, ii. 239

Dead, Festival of the, in Java, i. 220;

worship of the, perhaps fused with the propitiation of the corn-spirit, 233 sqq.;

cuttings for the, 268;

Osiris king and judge of the, ii. 13sq.;

the Egyptian, identified with Osiris, 16;

annual festivals of the, 51sqq.;

the spirits of the, personated by living men, 52, 53, 58;

magical uses made of their bodies, 100sqq.;

worship of the, among the Bantu tribes of Africa, 176sqq.

See also Ancestral spirits

——, reincarnation of the, i. 82 sqq.;

in America, 91;

in Africa, 91 sq.

—— kings and chiefs worshipped in Africa, ii. 160sqq.;

sacrifices offered to, 162, 166sq.;

incarnate in animals, 162, 163sq., 173;

consulted as oracles, 167, 171, 172, 195;

human sacrifices to, 173;

worshipped by the Barotse, 194sq.

—— men believed to beget children, i. 91, 264

—— Sea, i. 23

Death in the fire as an apotheosis, i. 179 sq.;

the pollution of, ii. 227sqq.

—— and resurrection, annual, of gods, i. 6;

of Adonis represented in his rites, 224 sq.;

coincidence between the pagan and the Christian festival of the divine, 308;

of Osiris dramatically represented in his rites, ii. 85sq.;

of Osiris interpreted as the decay and growth of vegetation, 126sqq.

December, the twenty-fifth of, reckoned the winter solstice, and the birthday of the Sun, i. 303 sqq.

Decline of the civic virtues under the influence of Oriental religions, i. 300 sq.

Ded or tet pillar, the backbone of Osiris, ii. 108sq.

Dedicated men and women in Africa, i. 65 sqq.

Dedication of girls to the service of a temple, i. 61 sqq.;

of children to gods, 79

Dee, river, holed stone in the, i. 36 n. 4

Defoe, Daniel, on the Angel of the Plague, i. 24 n. 2

Delos, sacred embassy to, ii. 244

Delphi, Apollo and the Dragon at, ii. 240

Delphinium Ajacis, i. 314 n. 1

Demeter, her sacred caverns, i. 88;

sacred vaults of, 278;

sorrowing for the descent of the Maiden, ii. 41;

the month of, 41;

mysteries of, at Eleusis, 90;

at the well, 111n. 6;

identified with Isis, 117

—— and ears of corn, i. 166

—— and Poseidon, i. 280

—— and the king's son at Eleusis, i. 180

Denderah, inscriptions at, ii. 11, 86sqq., 89, 91, 130n.;

the hall of Osiris at, 110

Derceto, goddess at Ascalon, i. 34 n. 3

Dervishes revered in Syria, i. 77 n. 4;

of Asia Minor, 170

Deucalion at Hierapolis, i. 162 n. 2

Deuteronomic redactor, i. 26 n. 1

Deuteronomy, publication of, i. 18 n. 3

Deutsch-Zepling in Transylvania, rule as to sowing in, ii. 133n. 3

Dêvadâsî, dancing-girl, i. 63 sq.

Dêvaratiâl, dancing-girl, i. 63

Dew, bathing in the, on Midsummer Eve or Day, i. 246 sq., 248;

a daughter of Zeus and the moon, ii. 137

Diabolical counterfeits, resemblances of paganism to Christianity explained as, i. 302, 309 sq.

Diana, a Mother Goddess, i. 45;

her sanctuary at Nemi, 45

Dianus and Diana, i. 27, 45

Dido flees from Tyre, i. 50;

her traditional death in the fire, 114;

worshipped at Carthage, 114;

meaning of the name, 114 n. 1;

an Avatar of Astarte, 177;

how she procured the site of Carthage, ii. 250

Dinant, feast of All Souls in, ii. 70

Dinkard, a Pahlavi work, ii. 68n. 2

Dinkas, their belief in serpents as reincarnations [pg 283] of the dead, i. 82 sq.;

pour milk on graves, 87

Dio Chrysostom, on the people of Tarsus, i. 118;

on pyre at Tarsus, 126 n. 1

Diodorus Siculus, on worship of Poseidon in Peloponnese, i. 203;

on the burial of Osiris, ii. 10sq.;

on the rise of the Nile, 31n. 1;

on the date of harvest in Egypt, 32n. 2;

on Osiris as a sun-god, 120;

on the predominance of women over men in ancient Egypt, 214

Diomede, human sacrifices to, i. 145

Dionysus in form of bull, i. 123;

with vine and ploughman on a coin, 166;

ancient interpretation of, 194, 213;

death, resurrection, and ascension of, 302 n. 4;

torn in pieces, ii. 98;

human sacrifices to, in Chios, 98sq.;

his coarse symbolism, 113;

identified with Osiris, 113;

race of boys at vintage from his sanctuary, 238;

men dressed as women in the rites of, 258;

the effeminate, 259

Diospolis Parva (How), monument of Osiris at, ii. 110

Diphilus, king of Cyprus, i. 146

Disc, winged, as divine emblem, i. 132

Discoloration, annual, of the river Adonis, i. 30, 225

Discovery of the body of Osiris, ii. 85sq.

Disease of language the supposed source of myths, ii. 42

Disguises to avert the evil eye, ii. 262;

to deceive dangerous spirits, 262sq., 263sq.

Dismemberment of Osiris, suggested explanations of the, ii. 97;

of Halfdan the Black, king of Norway, 100, 102;

of Segera, a magician of Kiwai, 101;

of kings and magicians, and use of their severed limbs to fertilize the country, 101sq.;

of the bodies of the dead to prevent their souls from becoming dangerous ghosts, 188

Ditino, deified dead kings, ii. 194

Divination at Midsummer, i. 252 sq.

Divining bones, ii. 180, 181

Divinities of the volcano Kirauea, i. 217

Divinity of Semitic kings, i. 15 sqq.;

of Lydian kings, 182 sqq.

Dixmude, in Belgium, feast of All Souls at, ii. 70

Dobrizhoffer, M., on the respect of the Abipones for the Pleiades, i. 258 n. 2

Doctrine of lunar sympathy, ii. 140sqq.

Dôd, “beloved,” i. 19 n. 2, 20 n. 2

Dog-star. See Sirius

Doliche in Commagene, i. 136

Domaszewski, Professor A., on the rites of Attis at Rome, i. 266 n. 2

Dorasques of Panama, their theory of earthquakes, i. 201

Dos Santos, J., Portuguese historian, on the method adopted by a Caffre king to prolong his life, ii. 222sq.

Double, the afterbirth or placenta, regarded as a person's double, ii. 169sq.

—— -headed axe, symbol of Sandan, i. 127;

carried by Lydian kings, 182;

a palladium of the Heraclid sovereignty, 182;

figured on coins, 183 n.

—— -headed eagle, Hittite emblem, i. 133 n.

Doutté, Edmond, on sacred prostitution in Morocco, i. 39 n. 3

Doves burnt in honour of Adonis, i. 126 n. 2, 147

——, sacred, of Aphrodite, i. 33;

or Astarte, 147

Dowries earned by prostitution, i. 38, 59

Dragon slain by Cadmus at Thebes, ii. 241

—— and Apollo, at Delphi, ii. 240

Drama, sacred, of the death and resurrection of Osiris, ii. 85sq.

Dramas, magical, for the regulation of the seasons, i. 4 sq.

Dramatic representation of the resurrection of Osiris in his rites, ii. 85

Dreams, revelations given to sick people by Pluto and Persephone in, i. 205;

spirits of the dead appear to the living in, ii. 162, 190;

as causes of attempted transformation of men into women, 255sqq.

Drenching last corn cut with water as a rain-charm, i. 237 sq.

Drinking out of a king's skull in order to be inspired by his spirit, ii. 171

Drought, kings answerable for, i. 21 sq.

Drum, eating out of a, i. 274

Drums, human sacrifice for royal, ii. 223, 225

Duchesne, Mgr. L., on the origin of Christmas, i. 305 n. 4;

on the date of the Crucifixion, 307

Dyaks of Sarawak, their custom of head-hunting, i. 295 sq.

Ea, Babylonian god, i. 9

Eagle to carry soul to heaven, i. 126 sq.;

double-headed, Hittite emblem, 133 n.

Ears of corn, emblem of Demeter, i. 166

Earth as the Great Mother, i. 27

—— and sky, myth of their violent separation, i. 283

——, the goddess, mother of Typhon, i. 156

[pg 284]

Earth-goddess annually married to Sun-god, i. 47 sq.;

disturbed by the operations of husbandry, 88 sqq.;

married to Sky-god, 282, with n. 2

—— -spirits disturbed by agriculture, i. 89

Earthquake god, i. 194 sqq.

Earthquakes, attempts to stop, i. 196 sqq.

East, mother-kin and Mother Goddesses in the ancient, ii. 212sqq.

Easter, gardens of Adonis at, in Sicily, i. 253 sq.;

resemblance of the festival of, to the rites of Adonis, 254 sqq., 306;

the festival of, assimilated to the spring festival of Attis, 306 sqq.;

controversy between Christians and pagans as to the origin of, 309 sq.

“Eater of the Dead,” fabulous Egyptian monster, ii. 14

Eclipse of the moon, Athenian superstition as to an, ii. 141

Eden, the tree of life in, i. 186 n. 4

Edom, the kings of, i. 15;

their bones burned by the Moabites, ii. 104

Edonians in Thrace, Lycurgus king of the, ii. 98, 99

Eesa, a Somali tribe, ii. 246

Effect of geographical and climatic conditions on national character, ii. 217

Effeminate sorcerers or priests, order of, ii. 253sqq.

Effigies of Osiris, stuffed with corn, buried with the dead as a symbol of resurrection, ii. 90sq., 114

Egypt, wives of Ammon in, i. 72;

date of the corn-reaping in, 231 n. 3;

the Nativity of the Sun at the winter solstice in, 303;

in early June, ii. 31;

mother-kin in ancient, 213sqq.

Egyptian astronomers acquainted with the true length of the solar year, ii. 26, 27, 37n.

—— calendar, the official, ii. 24sqq.;

date of its introduction, 36n. 2

—— ceremony at the winter solstice, ii. 50

—— dead identified with Osiris, ii. 16

—— farmer, calendar of the, ii. 30sqq.;

his festivals, ii. 32sqq.

—— festivals, their dates shifting, ii. 24sq., 92sqq.;

readjustment of, 91sqq.

—— funeral rites a copy of those performed over Osiris, ii. 15

—— hope of immortality centred in Osiris, ii. 15sq., 114, 159

—— kings worshipped as gods, i. 52;

the most ancient, buried at Abydos, ii. 19;

their oath not to correct the vague Egyptian year by intercalation, 26;

perhaps formerly slain in the character of Osiris, 97sq., 102;

as Osiris, 151sqq.;

renew their life by identifying themselves with the dead and risen Osiris, 153sq.;

born again at the Sed festival, 153, 155sq.;

perhaps formerly put to death to prevent their bodily and mental decay, 154sq., 156

Egyptian language akin to the Semitic, ii. 161

—— months, table of, ii. 37n.

—— myth of the separation of earth and sky, i. 283 n. 3

—— people, the conservatism of their character, ii. 217sq.;

compared to the Chinese, 218

—— reapers, their lamentations and invocations of Isis, i. 232, ii. 45, 117

—— religion, the development of, ii. 122sqq.;

dominated by Osiris, 158sq.

—— standard resembling a placenta, ii. 156n. 1

—— year vague, not corrected by intercalation, ii. 24sq.;

the sacred, began with the rising of Sirius, 35

Egyptians sacrifice red-haired men, ii. 97, 106;

the ancient, question of their ethnical affinity, 161

Ekoi of Southern Nigeria, their custom of mutilating men and women at festivals, i. 270 n. 2

El, Phoenician god, i. 13, 16 n. 1;

identified with Cronus, 166

El-Bùgât, festival of mourning for Tammuz in Harran, i. 230

Elam, the kings of, their bones carried off by Ashurbanipal, ii. 103sq.

Eleusis, Demeter and the king's son at, i. 180;

sacrifice of oxen at, 292 n. 3;

mysteries of Demeter at, ii. 90

Eli, the sons of, i. 76

Elisha prophesies to music, i. 53, 54;

finds water in the desert, 53, 75

Ellis, A. B., on sacred prostitution in West Africa, i. 65 sq., 69 sq.;

on tattoo marks of priests, 74 n. 4;

on an ordeal of chastity, 115

Emesa, sun-god Heliogabalus at, i. 35

Empedocles leaps into the crater of Etna, i. 181

Emperor of China, funeral of an, i. 294

Ἐναγίζειν distinguished from θύειν, i. 316 n. 1

Enemy, charms to disable an, ii. 252

England, harvest custom in, i. 237;

the feast of All Souls in, ii. 78sq.

Ennius, on Hora and Quirinus, ii. 233

“Entry of Osiris into the moon,” ii. 130

Enylus, king of Byblus, i. 15 n.

Ephesus, Artemis of, i. 269;

Hecate at, 291;

the priesthood of Apollo and Artemis at, ii. 243sq.

Epidaurus, Aesculapius at, i. 80

Epiphany, the sixth of January, i. 305

[pg 285]

Epirus, the kings of, their bones scattered by Lysimachus, ii. 104

Equinox, the vernal, resurrection of Attis at the, i. 273, 307 sq.;

date of the Crucifixion assigned to the spring equinox, 307;

tradition that the world was created at the spring equinox, 307

Erechtheum, sacred serpent in the, i. 87

Erechtheus, king of Athens, his incest with his daughter, i. 44 n. 1;

his sacred serpent, 87

Eregli (the ancient Cybistra) in Cappadocia, i. 120, 122

Eresh-Kigal, Babylonian goddess, i. 9

Erica-tree, Osiris in the, ii. 9, 108, 109

Eriphyle, the necklace of, i. 32 n. 2

Erman, Professor A., on Anubis at Abydos, ii. 18n. 3;

on corn-stuffed effigies of Osiris, 91;

on the development of Egyptian religion, 122n. 2

Erme or Nenneri, gardens of Adonis in Sardinia, i. 244

Eshmun, Phoenician deity, i. 111 n. 6

Esne, the festal calendar of, ii. 49sq.

Esquimaux of Alaska, their annual festival of the dead, i. 51 sq.

Esthonian peasants regulate their sowing and planting by the moon, ii. 135

Esthonians, their ceremony at the new moon, ii. 143

Eternal life, initiate born again to, in the rites of Cybele and Attis, i. 274 sq.

Etesian winds, i. 35 n. 1

Etna, Mount, Typhon buried under, i. 156, 157;

the death of Empedocles on, 181;

the ashes of, 194;

offerings thrown into the craters of, 221

Euboea subject to earthquakes, i. 211;

date of threshing in, 232 n.;

harvest custom in, 238

Eudoxus, on the Egyptian festivals, ii. 35n. 2

Eunuch, priests of the Mother Goddess, i. 206;

in the service of Asiatic goddesses of fertility, 269 sq.;

in various lands, 270 n. 2;

of Attis tattooed with pattern of ivy, 278;

of Cybele, ii. 258

Eunuchs, dances of, i. 270 n. 2, 271 n.;

dedicated to a goddess in India, 271 n.;

sacred, at Hierapolis-Bambyce, their rule as to the pollution of death, ii. 272

Euripides on the death of Pentheus, ii. 98n. 5

Europe, custom of showing money to the new moon in, ii. 148sq.

Eusebius on sacred prostitution, i. 37 n. 2, 73 n. 1

Euyuk in Cappadocia, Hittite palace at, i. 123, 132, 133 n.;

bull worshipped at, 164

Evadne and Capaneus, i. 177 n. 3

Evil Eye, boys dressed as girls to avert the, ii. 260;

bridegroom disfigured in order to avert the, 261;

disguises to avert the, 262

Ewe farmers fear to wound the Earth goddess, i. 90

—— people of Togo-land, their belief in the marriage of Sky with Earth, i. 282 n. 2

—— speaking peoples of the Slave Coast, sacred prostitution among the, i. 65 sq.;

worship pythons, 83 n. 1

Exchange of dress between men and women in rites, ii. 259n. 3;

at marriage, 260sqq.;

at circumcision, 263

Exogamous clans in the Pelew Islands, ii. 204

Exorcism by means of music, i. 54 sq.

Expiation for homicide, i. 299 n. 2;

Roman, for prodigies, ii. 244

Eye as a symbol of Osiris, ii. 121;

of sacrificial ox cut out, 251sq.

—— of Horus, ii. 17, 121with n. 3

——, the Evil, boys dressed as girls to avert the, ii. 260;

bridegroom disfigured in order to avert, 261

Eyes of the dead, Egyptian ceremony of opening the, ii. 15

Ezekiel on the mourning for Tammuz, i. 11, 17, 20;

on the Assyrian cavalry, 25 n. 3;

on the king of Tyre, 114

False Bride, custom of the ii. 262n. 2

Farnell, Dr. L. R., on Greek religious music, i. 55 n. 1 and 3;

on religious prostitution in Western Asia, 57 n. 1, 58 n. 2;

on the position of women in ancient religion, ii. 212n. 1;

on the Flamen Dialis, 227;

on the children of living parents in ritual, 236sq.;

on the festival of Laurel-bearing at Thebes, 242n.;

on eunuch priests of Cybele, 258n. 1

Farwardajan, a Persian festival of the dead, ii. 68

Fast from bread in mourning for Attis, i. 272

Fasts observed by the worshippers of Cybele and Attis, i. 280;

of Isis and Cybele, 302 n. 4

Father named after his son, i. 51 n. 4;

of a god, 51, 52;

dead, worshipped, ii. 175, 184sq.;

the head of the family under a system of mother-kin, 211

—— -deity of the Hittites, the god of the thundering sky, i. 134 sqq.

—— God, his emblem the bull, i. 164;

Attis as the, 281 sqq.;

often less important than Mother Goddess, 282

—— -kin at Rome, i. 41

——, Mother, and Son divinities represented at Boghaz-Keui, i. 140 sqq.

[pg 286]

Father Sky fertilizes Mother Earth, i. 282

—— and mother, names for, i. 281;

as epithets of Roman gods and goddesses, ii. 233sqq.

Fatherhood of God, the physical, i. 80 sq.

Fauna, rustic Roman goddess, her relationship to Faunus, ii. 234

Faunus, old Roman god, his relationship to Fauna or the Good Goddess, ii. 234

Feast of All Saints on November 1st, perhaps substituted for an old pagan festival of the dead, ii. 82sq.;

instituted by Lewis the Pious, 83

—— of All Souls, ii. 51sqq.;

the Christian, originally a pagan festival of the dead, 81

—— of the Golden Flower at Sardes, i. 187

—— of Lanterns in Japan, ii. 65

Feet first, children born, custom observed at their graves, i. 93

Felkin, R. W. and C. T. Wilson, on the worship of the dead kings of Uganda, ii. 173n. 2

Fellows, Ch., on flowers in Caria, i. 187 n. 6

Female kinship, rule of descent of the throne under, ii. 18.

See also Mother-kin

Fertility of ground thought to be promoted by prostitution, i. 39;

promoted by marriage of women to serpent, 67;

goddesses of, served by eunuch priests, 269 sq.;

Osiris as a god of, ii. 112sq.

Fertilization of the fig, artificial, ii. 98

Festival of “the awakening of Hercules” at Tyre, i. 111;

of the Dead in Java, 220;

of Flowers (Anthesteria), 234 sq.;

of Joy (Hilaria) in the rites of Attis, 273;

of Sais, ii. 49sqq.;

of Crowning at Delphi, 241

Festivals of the Egyptian farmer, ii. 32sqq.;

of Osiris, the official, 49sqq.;

Egyptian readjustment of, 91sqq.

Fetishism early in human history, ii. 43

“Field of the giants,” i. 158

Fig, artificial fertilization of the, at Rome in July, ii. 98, 259

Fiji, chiefs buried secretly in, ii. 105

Fijian god of fruit-trees, i. 90

—— Lent, i. 90

Fijians, their theory of earthquakes, i. 201

Financial oppression, Roman, i. 301 n. 2

Finlay, George, on Roman financial oppression, i. 301 n. 2

Fire, purification by, i. 115 n. 1, 179 sqq.;

Persian reverence for, 174 sq.;

death in the, as an apotheosis, 179 sq.;

supposed able to impregnate women, ii. 235

Fire, perpetual, in Zoroastrian religion, i. 191;

worshipped, 191 sqq.;

in the temples of dead kings, ii. 174

—— -god, the father of Romulus, Servius Tullius, and Caeculus, ii. 235

—— -walk of the king of Tyre, i. 114 sq.;

of priestesses at Castabala, 168

—— -worship in Cappadocia, i. 191 sq.

Firmicus Maternus, on the mourning for Osiris, ii. 86;

on use of a pine-tree in the rites of Osiris, 108

First-born, Semitic sacrifice of the, i. 110;

the sacrifice of, at Jerusalem, ii. 219sq.

—— -fruits offered to the Baalim, i. 27;

offered to the Mother of the Gods, 280 n. 1;

offered to dead chiefs, ii. 191

Firstlings offered to the Baalim, i. 27

Fish, soul of dead in, i. 95 sq.

Fison, Rev. Lorimer, on Fijian god of earthquakes, i. 202 n.;

on secret burial of chiefs in Fiji, ii. 105

Flail or scourge, an emblem of Osiris, ii. 108, 153;

for collecting incense, 109n. 1

Flamen forbidden to divorce his wife, ii. 229;

of Vulcan, 232

—— Dialis, the widowed, ii. 227sqq.;

forbidden to touch a dead body, but allowed to attend a funeral, 228;

bound to be married, 229

—— Dialis and Flaminica, i. 45 sq.;

assisted by boy and girl of living parents, ii. 236

Flamingoes, soul of a dead king incarnate in, ii. 163

Flaminica and her husband the Flamen Dialis, i. 45 sq., ii. 236

Flax, omens from the growth of, i. 244

Flower of the banana, women impregnated by the, i. 93

“—— of Zeus,” i. 186, 187

Flowers and leaves as talismans, ii. 242sq.

Flute, skill of Marsyas on the, i. 288

—— music, its exciting influence, i. 54

—— -players dressed as women at Rome, ii. 259n. 3

Flutes played in the laments for Tammuz, i. 9;

for Adonis, 225 n. 3

Food, virgins supposed to conceive through eating certain, i. 96;

as a cause of conception in women, 96, 102, 103, 104, 105

Foreigners as kings, i. 16 n.

Fortuna Primigenia, goddess of Praeneste, daughter of Jupiter, ii. 234

Fortune of the city on coins of Tarsus, i. 164;

the guardian of cities, 164

[pg 287]

Fossil bones in limestone caves, i. 152 sq.;

a source of myths about giants, 157 sq.

Foucart, P., identifies Dionysus with Osiris, ii. 113n. 3

Four-handed Apollo, ii. 250n. 2

Fowler, W. Warde, on the celibacy of the Roman gods, ii. 230, 232n. 1, 234n., 236n. 1

Fra Angelico, his influence on Catholicism, i. 54 n. 1

France, harvest custom in, i. 237;

timber felled in the wane of the moon in, ii. 136

Fratres Arvales, ii. 239

Fravashis, the souls of the dead in the Iranian religion, ii. 67n. 2, 68

French peasants regulate their sowing and planting by the moon, ii. 133n. 3, 135

Frey, the Scandinavian god of fertility, ii. 100sq.

Frigento, Valley of Amsanctus near, i. 204

Frodsham, Dr., on belief in conception without sexual intercourse, i. 103 n. 3

Fruit-trees, worshippers of Osiris forbidden to injure, ii. 111

Fulgora, a Roman goddess, ii. 231

Funeral custom in Madagascar, ii. 247

—— pyre of Roman emperor, i. 126 sq.

—— rites of the Egyptians a copy of those performed over Osiris, ii. 15;

of Osiris, described in the inscription of Denderah, 86sqq.

Furies, their snakes, i. 88 n. 1

Furness, W. H., on the prostitution of unmarried girls in Yap, ii. 266

Gaboon, Mpongwe kings of the, ii. 104;

negroes of the, regulate their planting by the moon, ii. 134

Gad, Semitic god of fortune, i. 164, 165

Gadabursi, a Somali tribe, ii. 246

Gades (Cadiz), worship of Hercules (Melcarth), at, i. 112 sq.;

temple of Melcarth at, ii. 258n. 5

Galelareese of Halmahera, as to human sacrifices to volcanoes, i. 220

Gallas, their worship of serpents, i. 86 n. 1

Galli, the emasculated priests of Attis, i. 266, 283

Galton, Sir Francis, on the vale of the Adonis, i. 29

Game with fruit-stones played by kings of Uganda, ii. 224

—— law of the Njamus, ii. 39

Garden of Osiris, ii. 87sq.

Gardens of Adonis, i. 236 sqq.;

charms to promote the growth of vegetation, 236 sq., 239;

in India, 239 sqq.;

in Bavaria, 244;

in Sardinia, 244 sq.;

in Sicily, 245;

at Easter, 253 sq.

Gardens of God, i. 123, 159

Gardner, Professor E. A. on date of the corn-reaping in Greece, i. 232 n.

Garstang, Professor J., on sculptures at Ibreez, i. 122 n. 1, 123 n. 2;

on Hittite sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, 133 n., 135 n.;

on Arenna, 136 n. 1;

on Syrian god Hadad, 163 n. 3

Gathas, a part of the Zend-Avesta, ii. 84n.

Gaul, worship of Cybele in, i. 279

Gazelle Peninsula, New Britain, conduct of the natives in an earthquake, i. 201;

the Melanesians of the, ii. 242sq.

Gazelles sacrificed at Egyptian funerals, ii. 15

Gebal, Semitic name of Byblus, i. 13 n. 3

Geese sacrificed at Egyptian funerals, ii. 15

Gellius, Aulus, his list of old Roman deities, ii. 232

Gellius, Cnaeus, on Mars and Nerio, ii. 232

Geminus, Greek astronomer, on the vague Egyptian year, ii. 26

Genital organs of Osiris, tradition as to the, ii. 10, 102;

of dead man used to fertilize the fields, 102sq.

Genius, Roman, symbolized by a serpent, i. 86

Geographical and climatic conditions, their effect on national character, ii. 217

German peasants regulate their sowing and planting by the moon, ii. 135

Germans, the ancient, their regard for the phases of the moon, ii. 141

Germany, harvest custom in, i. 237;

leaping over Midsummer fires in, 251;

feast of All Souls in, ii. 70sqq.;

popular superstition as to the influence of the moon in, 133, 140sq., 149

Gezer, Canaanitish city, excavations at, i. 108

Gezo, King, i. 68

Ghineh, monument of Adonis at, i. 29

Ghost of afterbirth thought to adhere to navel-string, ii. 169sq.

Ghosts thought to impregnate women, i. 93;

of the dead personated by living men, ii. 52, 53, 58

Giants, myths of, based on discovery of fossil bones, i. 157 sq.

—— and gods, their battle, i. 157

Giaour-Kalesi, Hittite sculptures at, i. 138 n.

Gilbert Islands, sacred stones in the, i. 108 n. 1

Gill, Captain W., on a tribe in China governed by a woman, ii. 211n. 3

Gilyaks of the Amoor eat nutlets of stone-pine, i. 278 n. 2

[pg 288]

Ginzel, Professor F. K., on the rise of the Nile, ii. 31n. 1

Giraffes, souls of dead kings incarnate in, ii. 162

Glaucus, son of Minos, restored to life, i. 186 n. 4

Goat sacrificed by being hanged, i. 292

God, children of, i. 68;

sons of, 78 sqq.;

the physical fatherhood of, 80 sq.;

gardens of, 123, 159

——, the burning of a, i. 188 sq.;

the hanged, 288 sqq.

—— of earthquakes, i. 194 sqq.

Godavari District, Southern India, i. 95

Goddess, identified with priestess, i. 219;

superiority of the, in the myths of Adonis, Attis, Osiris, ii. 201 sq.

Goddesses, Cilician, i. 161 sqq.;

place infant sons of kings on fire to render them immortal, 180;

of fertility served by eunuch priests, 269 sq.;

their superiority over gods in societies organized on mother-kin, ii. 202sqq.;

the development of, favoured by mother-kin, 259

Gods, annual death and resurrection of, i. 6;

personated by priests, 45, 46 sqq.;

married to sisters, 316;

their human wives, ii. 207;

made by men and worshipped by women, 211

—— and giants, the battle of, i. 157

Gold Coast of West Africa, the Tshi-speaking peoples of the, i. 69

Golden Flower, the Feast of the, i. 185

—— Sea, the, i. 150

Golgi in Cyprus, i. 35

Goliath and David, i. 19 n. 2

Gonds, ceremony of bringing back souls of the dead among the, i. 95 sq.

Good Friday, effigies and sepulchres of Christ on, i. 254 sqq.

—— Goddess (Bona Dea), her relationship to Faunus, ii. 234

Goowoong Awoo, volcano, children sacrificed to, i. 219

Gordias and Midas, names of Phrygian kings, i. 286

Gordon, E. M., on infant burial, i. 94 sq.;

on the festival of the dead in Bilaspore, ii. 60

Gouri, an Indian goddess of fertility, i. 241 sq.

Gournia in Crete, prehistoric shrine at, i. 88 n. 1

Grandmother, title of an African priest, ii. 255

—— Earth thought to cause earthquakes, i. 198

Grandparents, dead, worshipped, ii. 175

Grapes as divine emblem, i. 165

Grave of Osiris, ii. 10sq.;

human victims sacrificed at the, 97

—— shrines of Shilluk kings, ii. 161sq.;

of dead kings, 194sq.

Graves, milk offered at, i. 87;

childless women resort to, in order to ensure offspring, 96;

illuminated on All Souls' Day, ii. 72sq., 74;

the only places of sacrifice in the country of the Wahehe, 190

—— of kings, chiefs, and magicians kept secret, ii. 103sqq.;

human sacrifices at, 168

“Great burnings” for kings of Judah, i. 177 sq.

—— Marriage, annual festival of the dead among the Oraons of Bengal, ii. 59

—— men, history not to be explained without the influence of, i. 311 n. 2;

great religious systems founded by, ii. 159sq.;

their influence on the popular imagination, 199

—— Mother, popularity of her worship in the Roman empire, i. 298 sq.

—— religious systems founded by individual great men, ii. 159sq.;

religious ideals a product of the male imagination, 211

Greece, date of the corn-reaping in, i. 232 n.;

modern, marriage customs in, ii. 245sq.

Greek belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, i. 86 sq.

—— Church, ceremonies on Good Friday in the, i. 254

—— feast of All Souls in May, ii. 78n. 1

—— gods, discrimination of their characters, i. 119

—— mythology, Adonis in, i. 10 sqq.

—— notion as to birth from trees and rocks, i. 107 n. 1;

of the noxious influence of moonshine on children, ii. 148

—— purification for homicide, i. 299 n. 2

—— use of music in religion, i. 54 sq.

—— writers on the worship of Adonis, i. 223 sq.

Gregory IV. and the feast of All Saints, ii. 83

Grenfell, B. P., and A. S. Hunt on corn-stuffed effigies of Osiris, ii. 90sq.

Grimm, Jacob, on hide-measured lands, ii. 250

Grotto of the Sibyl, at Marsala, i. 247

Growth and decay of all things associated with the waxing and waning of the moon, ii. 132sqq., 140sqq.

Guarayos Indians of Bolivia, their presentation of children to the moon, ii. 145

[pg 289]

Guardian spirits in the form of animals, i. 83;

in serpents, 83, 86

Guaycurus of Brazil, men dressed as women among the, ii. 254n. 2

Guevo Upas, the Valley of Poison, in Java, i. 203 sq.

Gujrat District, Punjaub, i. 94

Gurdon, Major P. R. T., on the Khasis of Assam, ii. 202, 203n. 1, 210n. 1

Gwanya, a worshipful dead chief, ii. 177

Gyges, king of Lydia, dedicates double-headed axe to Zeus, i. 182

Gynaecocracy a dream, ii. 211

Hadad, chief male deity of the Syrians, i. 15, 16 n. 1;

Syrian god of thunder and fertility, 163

Hadadrimmon, i. 164 n. 1;

the mourning of or for, 15 n. 4

Haddon, A. C., on worship of animal-shaped heroes, i. 139 n. 1

Hadrian, human sacrifice suppressed in reign of, i. 146

Hair, sacrifice of women's, i. 38;

offered to goddess of volcano, 218;

of head shaved in mourning for dead gods, 225;

to be cut when the moon is waxing, ii. 133sq.

Halasarna in Cos, rites of Apollo and

Hercules at, ii. 259

Halfdan, the Black, King of Norway, dismembered after death, ii. 100

Halicarnassus, worship of Pergaean Artemis at, i. 35 n. 2

Hall of the Two Truths, the judgment hall in the other world, ii. 13

Halmahera, the Galelareese of, i. 220

Hamaspathmaedaya, old Iranian festival of the dead, ii. 67

Hamilcar, his self-sacrifice at the battle of Himera, i. 115 sq.;

worshipped at Carthage, 116;

burns himself, 176;

worshipped after death, 180

Hamilton, Alexander, on dance of hermaphrodites in Pegu, i. 271 n.

Hamilton, Professor G. L., i. 57 n. 1

Hammurabi, the code of, i. 71 n. 3, 72 n. 1

Handel, the harmonies of, i. 54

Hanged god, the, i. 288 sqq.

Hanging as a mode of sacrifice, i. 289 sqq.

Hannah, the prayer of, i. 79

Hannibal, his prayers to Melcarth, i. 113;

his retirement from Italy, 265

Hanway, J., on worship of perpetual fires at Baku, i. 192

Harmonia, the necklace of, i. 32 n. 2;

turned into a snake, 86 sq.

Harold the Fair-haired, ii. 100n. 2

Harp, the music of the, in religion, i. 52 sqq.

Harpalyce, her incest with her father, i. 44 n. 1

Harpocrates, the younger Horus, ii. 8, 9n.

Harran, mourning of women for Tammuz in, i. 230

Harrison, Miss J. E., on the hyacinth (Delphinium Ajacis), i. 314 n. 1

Hartland, E. S., on the reincarnation of the dead, i. 91 n. 3;

on primitive paternity, 106 n. 1

Harvest, rites of, ii. 45sqq.;

annual festival of the dead after, 61;

new corn offered to dead kings or chiefs at, 162, 166, 188;

prayers to the spirits of ancestors at, 175sq.;

sacrifices to dead chiefs at, 191

—— in Egypt, the date of, ii. 32

—— custom of throwing water on the last corn cut as a rain-charm, i. 237 sq.;

of the Arabs of Moab, ii. 48, 96

Hathor, Egyptian goddess, ii. 9n.

Hattusil, king of the Hittites, i. 135

Havamal, how Odin learned the magic runes in the, i. 290

Hawaii, the volcano of Kirauea in, i. 216 sqq.

Hawes, Mrs., on date of the corn-reaping in Crete, i. 232 n.

Hawk, Isis in the form of a, ii. 8;

the sacred bird of the earliest Egyptian dynasties, 21sq.;

epithet regularly applied to the king of Egypt, 22

—— -town (Hieraconpolis) in Egypt, ii. 21sq.

Hawks carved on the bier of Osiris, ii. 20

Hazael, king of Damascus, i. 15

“Head-Feast” among the Dyaks of Borneo, i. 295 sq.

—— -hunting in Borneo, i. 294 sqq.

Heads of dead chiefs cut off and buried secretly, ii. 104

——, human, thought to promote the fertility of the ground and of women, i. 294 sqq.;

used as guardians by Taurians and tribes of Borneo, 294 sqq.

Heathen festivals displaced by Christian, i. 308

—— origin of Midsummer festival (festival of St. John), i. 249 sq.

Heavenly Virgin or Goddess, mother of the Sun, i. 303

Hebrew kings, traces of their divinity, i. 20 sqq.

—— names ending in -el or -iah, i. 79 n. 3

—— prophecy, the distinctive character of, i. 75

[pg 290]

Hebrew prophets, their resemblance to those of Africa, i. 74 sq.

Hebrides, peats cut in the wane of the moon in the, ii. 137sq.

Hecaerge, an epithet of Artemis, i. 292

Hecate at Ephesus, i. 291;

sometimes identified with Artemis, 292 n.

—— and Zeus worshipped at Stratonicea, ii. 227

Hecatombeus, a Greek month, i. 314

Hehn, V., on derivation of name Corycian, i. 187 n. 6

Helen of the Tree, worshipped in Rhodes, i. 292

Heliacal rising of Sirius, ii. 152

Helice, in Achaia, destroyed by earthquake, i. 203;

Poseidon worshipped at, 203 n. 2

Heliodorus, on the priesthood of Apollo and Artemis at Ephesus, ii. 243sq.

Heliogabalus, sun-god at Emesa, i. 35;

his sacrifice of children of living parents, ii. 248

Heliopolis (Baalbec), in Syria, i. 163 n. 2;

sacred prostitution at, 37, 58

Heliopolis (the Egyptian), trial of the dead Osiris before the gods at, ii. 17

Hepding, H., on Attis, i. 263 n. 1;

on Catullus's poem Attis, 270 n. 2;

on the bath of Cybele's image, 280

Hephaestus and hot springs, i. 209

Heqet, Egyptian frog-goddess, ii. 9n.

Hera's marriage with Zeus, i. 280

Heraclids, Lydian dynasty of the, i. 182, 184;

perhaps Hittite, 185

Hercules identified with Melcarth, i. 16, 111;

slain by Typhon and revived by Iolaus, 111;

burnt on Mount Oeta, 111, 116, 211;

worshipped at Gades, 112 sq.;

women excluded from sacrifices to, 113 n. 1;

identified with Sandan, 125, 143, 161;

burns himself, 176;

worshipped after death, 180;

the itch of, 209;

his dispute with Aesculapius, 209 sq.;

the patron of hot springs, 209 sqq.;

altar of, at Thermopylae, 210;

the effeminate, ii. 257, 258, 259;

priest of, dressed as a woman, 258;

vernal mysteries of, at Rome, 258;

sacrifices to, at Rome, 258n. 5

—— and the lion, i. 184

—— and Omphale, i. 182, ii. 258

—— and Sardanapalus, i. 172 sqq.

——, the Lydian, identical with the Cilician Hercules, i. 182, 184, 185

—— with the lion's scalp, Greek type of, i. 117 sq.

Hereditary deities, i. 51

Herefordshire, soul-cakes in, ii. 79

Herero, a Bantu tribe of German South-West Africa, the worship of the dead among the, ii. 185sqq.

Hermaphrodite son of Sky and Earth, i. 282 n.

Hermaphrodites, dance of, i. 271 n.

Hermes and Aegipan, i. 157

Hermesianax, on the death of Attis, i. 264 n. 4

Hermus, river, i. 185, 186

Herod resorts to the springs of Callirrhoe, i. 214

Herodes Atticus, his benefaction at Thermopylae, i. 210

Herodotus on sanctuary of Aphrodite at Paphos, i. 34;

on religious prostitution, 58;

on wife of Bel, 71;

on Cyrus and Croesus, 174;

on the sacrifices of Croesus to Apollo, 180 n. 1;

on so-called monument of Sesostris, 185;

on the festival of Osiris at Sais, ii. 50;

on the mourning for Osiris, 86;

identifies Osiris with Dionysus, 113n. 2;

on the similarity between the rites of Osiris and Dionysus, 127;

on human sacrifices offered by the wife of Xerxes, 221

Heroes worshipped in form of animals, i. 139 n. 1

Hertz, W., on religious prostitution, i. 57 n. 1, 59 n. 4

Hesse, custom at ploughing in, i. 239

Hest, the Egyptian name for Isis, ii. 50n. 4, 115n. 1

Hettingen in Baden, custom at sowing at, i. 239

Hezekiah, King, his reformation, i. 25, 107;

date of his reign, 25 n. 4

Hibeh papyri, ii. 35n. 1, 51n. 1

Hide-measured lands, legends as to, ii. 249sq.

Hieraconpolis in Egypt, ii. 22n. 1;

representations of the Sed festival at, 151

Hierapolis, the Syrian, festival of the Pyre or Torch at, i. 146;

sacred doves at, 147;

great sanctuary of Astarte at, 269;

eunuch priests of Astarte at, 269 sq.

——, in the valley of the Maeander, cave of Pluto at, i. 206;

hot springs at, 206 sqq.

—— and Hieropolis, distinction between, i. 168 n. 2

—— -Bambyce, Atargatis the goddess of, i. 137, 162;

mysterious golden image at, 162 n. 2;

rules as to the pollution of death at, ii. 227

Hieroglyphics, Hittite, i. 124, 125 n.

High-priest of Syrian goddess, i. 143 n. 1

—— Priestess, head of the State, ii. 203

Highlanders, Scottish, on the influence of the moon, ii. 132, 134, 140

[pg 291]

Hilaria, Festival of Joy in the rites of Attis, i. 273

Hill, G. F., on image of Artemis at Perga, i. 35 n. 2;

on legend of coins of Tarsus, 126 n. 2;

on goddess 'Atheh, 162;

on coins of Mallus, 165 n. 6

Hill Tout, C., on respect shown by the Indians of British Columbia for the animals and plants which they eat, ii. 44

Himalayan districts of North-Western India, gardens of Adonis in the, i. 242

Himera, the battle of, i. 115;

hot springs of, 213 n. 1

Hindoo burial of infants, i. 94;

marriage custom, old, ii. 246;

worship of perpetual fire, i. 192

Hindoos of Northern India, their mode of drinking moonshine, ii. 144

Hinnom, the Valley of, i. 178;

sacrifice of first-born children in, ii. 219

Hippodamia, her incest with her father, i. 44 n. 1

Hirpini, valley of Amsanctus in the land of the, i. 204

Hissar District, Punjaub, i. 94

History not to be explained without the influence of great men, i. 311 n. 2

Hittite, correct form of the national name Chatti or Hatti, i. 133 n.

—— costume, i. 129 sq., 131

—— deity named Tark or Tarku, i. 147

—— god of thunder, i. 134, 163

—— gods at Tarsus and Sardes, 185

—— hieroglyphics, i. 124, 125 n.

—— inscription on Mount Argaeus, i. 190 n. 1

—— priest or king, his costume, i. 131 sq., 133 n.

—— sculptures at Carchemish, i. 38 n., 123;

at Ibreez, 121 sqq.;

at Bor (Tyana), 122 n. 1;

at Euyuk, 123;

at Boghaz-Keui, 128 sqq.;

at Babylon, 134;

at Zenjirli, 134;

at Giaour-Kalesi, 138 n.;

at Kara-Bel, 138 n.;

at Marash, 173;

in Lydia, 185

—— seals of treaty, i. 136, 142 n. 1, 145 n. 2

—— Sun-goddess, i. 133 n.

—— treaty with Egypt, i. 135 sq.

Hittites worship the bull, i. 123, 132;

their empire, language, etc., 124 sq.;

traces of mother-kin among the, 141 sq.

Hkamies of North Aracan, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 61

Ho tribe of Togoland, their kings buried secretly, ii. 104

Hofmayr, W., on the worship of Nyakang among the Shilluks, ii. 164, 166

Hogarth, D. G., on relics of paganism at Paphos, i. 36;

on the Corycian cave, 155 n.;

on Roman remains at Tarsus, 172 n. 1

Hogs sacrificed to goddess of volcano, i. 218 sq.

Hollis, A. C., on serpent-worship of the Akikuyu, i. 67 sq.;

on serpent-worship, 84 sq.

“Holy men” in Syria, i. 77 sq.

Hommel, Professor F., on the Hittite deity Tarku, i. 147 n. 3

Honey and milk offered to snakes, i. 85

Honey-cakes offered to serpent, i. 87

Hope of immortality, the Egyptian, centred in Osiris, ii. 15sq., 90sq., 114, 159

Hopladamus, a giant, i. 157 n. 2

Hora and Quirinus, ii. 233

Horkos, the Greek god of oaths, ii. 231n. 5

Horned cap worn by priest or god, i. 123;

of Hittite god, 134

—— god, Hittite and Greek, i. 123

—— lion, i. 127

Horns, as a religious emblem, i. 34;

worn by gods, 163 sq.

—— of a cow worn by Isis, ii. 50

Horses sacrificed for the use of the dead, i. 293 sq.;

Lycurgus, king of the Edonians, torn in pieces by, ii. 98

Horus, the four sons of, in the likeness of hawks, ii. 22;

decapitates his mother Isis, 88;

the eye of, 121with n. 3

—— of Edfu identified with the sun, ii. 123

—— the elder, ii. 6

—— the younger, son of Isis and the dead Osiris, ii. 8, 15;

accused by Set of being a bastard, 17;

his combat with Set, 17;

his eye destroyed by Set and restored by Thoth, 17;

reigns over the Delta, 17

Hose, Ch., and McDougall, W., on head-hunting in Borneo, i. 295 n. 1

Hosea on religious prostitution, i. 58;

on the Baalim, 75 n.;

on the prophet as a madman, 77

Hot springs, worship of, i. 206 sqq.;

Hercules the patron of, 209 sqq.;

resorted to by childless women in Syria, 213 sqq.

Huligamma, Indian goddess, eunuchs dedicated to her, i. 271 n.

Human representatives of Attis, i. 285 sqq.

—— sacrifice, substitutes for, i. 146 sq., 285, 289, ii. 99, 221

—— sacrifices in worship of the moon, i. 73;

to the Tauric Artemis, 115;

to Diomede at Salamis, 145;

offered at earthquakes, 201;

offered at irrigation [pg 292] channels, ii. 38;

of the kings of Ashantee and Dahomey, 97n. 7;

offered to Dionysus, 98sq.;

offered by the Mexicans for the maize, 107;

at the graves of the kings of Uganda, 168;

to dead kings, 173;

to dead chiefs, 191;

to prolong the life of kings, 220sq., 223sqq.

Human victims thrown into volcanoes, i. 219 sq.;

uses made of their skins, 293;

as representatives of the corn-spirit, ii. 97, 106sq.;

killed with hoes, spades, and rakes, 99n. 2

Hunger the root of the worship of Adonis, i. 231

Hurons, their burial of infants, i. 91

Huzuls of the Carpathians, their theory of the waning moon, ii. 130;

their cure for water-brash, 149sq.

Hyacinth, son of Amyclas, killed by Apollo, i. 313;

his flower, 313 sq.;

his tomb and festival, 314 sq.;

an aboriginal deity, 315 sq.;

his sister Polyboea, 316;

perhaps a deified king of Amyclae, i. 316 sq.

Hyacinthia, the festival of Hyacinth, i. 314 sq.

Hyacinthius, a Greek month, i. 315 n.

Hybristica, an Argive festival, ii. 259n. 3

Hygieia, the goddess, i. 88 n. 1

Hymns to Tammuz, i. 9;

to the sun-god, ii. 123sq.

Hyria in Cilicia, i. 41

Ibani of the Niger delta, their sacrifices to prolong the lives of kings and others, ii. 222

Ibans or Sea Dyaks, their worship of serpents, i. 83.

See Sea Dyaks

Ibn Batuta, Arab traveller, on funeral of emperor of China, i. 293 sq.

Ibreez in Southern Cappadocia, i. 119 sqq.;

village of, 120 sq.;

Hittite sculptures at, 121 sqq.

——, the god of, i. 119 sqq.;

his horned cap, 164

Idalium in Cyprus, i. 50;

bilingual inscription of, 49 n. 7;

Melcarth worshipped at, 117

Ideals of humanity, two different, the heroic and the saintly, i. 300;

great religious, a product of the male imagination, ii. 211

Ideler, L., on the date of the introduction of the fixed Alexandrian year, ii. 28n. 1;

on the Sothic period, 37 n.

Ignorance of paternity, primitive, i. 106 sq.

Il Mayek clan of the Njamus, their supposed power over irrigation water and the crops, ii. 39

Ilium, animals sacrificed by hanging at, i. 292

Illumination, nocturnal, at festival of Osiris, ii. 50sq.;

of graves on All Souls' Day, 72sq., 74

Ilpirra of Central Australia, their belief in the reincarnation of the dead, i. 99

Images of Osiris made of vegetable mould, ii. 85, 87, 90sq., 91

Immortality, Egyptian hope of, centred in Osiris, ii. 15sq., 90sq., 114, 159

Impregnation of women by serpents, i. 80 sqq.;

by the dead, 91;

by ghosts, 93;

by the flower of the banana, 93;

supposed, through eating food, 96, 102, 103, 104, 105;

by fire, ii. 235.

See also Conception

—— of Isis by the dead Osiris, ii. 8, 20

—— without sexual intercourse, belief in, i. 96 sqq.

Incense burnt at the rites of Adonis, i. 228;

burnt in honour of the Queen of Heaven, 228;

collected by a flail, ii. 109n. 1

Incest with a daughter in royal families, reported cases of, i. 43 sq.

Inconsistency of common thought, i. 4

Increase of the moon the time for increasing money, ii. 148sq.

India, sacred women (dancing-girls) in, i. 61 sqq.;

impregnation of women by stone serpents in, 81 sq.;

burial of infants in, 93 sq.;

gardens of Adonis in, 239 sqq.;

eunuchs dedicated to a goddess in, 271 n.;

drinking moonlight as a medicine in, ii. 142

Indian ceremonies analogous to the rites of Adonis, i. 227

—— prophet, his objections to agriculture, i. 88 sq.

Indians of tropical America represent the rain-god weeping, ii. 33n. 3;

of California, their annual festivals of the dead, 52sq.;

of Brazil attend to the moon more than to the sun, 138n.;

of San Juan Capistrano, their ceremony at the new moon, 142;

of the Ucayali River in Peru, their greeting to the new moon, 142;

of North America, effeminate sorcerers among the, 254, 255sq.

Infant sons of kings placed by goddesses on fire, i. 180

Infants buried so as to ensure their rebirth, i. 91, 93 sqq.;

burial of, at Gezer, 108 sq.

Influence of great men on the popular imagination, ii. 199;

of mother-kin on religion, 202sqq.

Ingarda tribe of West Australia, their belief as to the birth of children, i. 104

[pg 293]

Ingleborough in Yorkshire, i. 152

Inheritance of property under mother-kin, rules of, ii. 203n. 1

Injibandi tribe of West Australia, their belief as to the birth of children, i. 105

Insect, soul of dead in, i. 95 sq., ii. 162

Insensibility to pain as a sign of inspiration, i. 169 sq.

Inspiration, insensibility to pain as sign of, i. 169 sq.;

savage theory of, i. 299

——, prophetic, under the influence of music, i. 52 sq., 54 sq., 74;

through the spirits of dead kings and chiefs, ii. 171, 172, 192sq.

Inspired men and women in the Pelew Islands, ii. 207sq.

Intercalation introduced to correct the vague Egyptian year, ii. 26, 27, 28;

in the ancient Mexican calendar, ii. 28n. 3

Inuus, epithet applied to Faunus, ii. 234n. 3

Invisible, charm to make an army, ii. 251

Iolaus, friend of Hercules, i. 111

Iranian year, the old, ii. 67

Iranians, the old, their annual festival of the dead (Fravashis), ii. 67sq.

Ireland, sacred oaks in, i. 37 n. 2

Irle, J., on the religion of the Herero, ii. 186sq.

Iron not allowed to touch Atys, i. 286 n. 5

Irrigation in ancient Egypt, ii. 31sq.;

rites of, in Egypt, 33sqq.;

sacrifices offered in connexion with, 38sq.

Isa or Parvati, an Indian goddess, i. 241

Isaac, Abraham's attempted sacrifice of, ii. 219n. 1

Isaiah, on the king's pyre in Tophet, i. 177, 178;

possible allusion to gardens of Adonis in, 236 n. 1;

on dew, 247 n. 1

Ishtar, great Babylonian goddess, i. 8, 20 n. 2;

in relation to Tammuz, 8 sq.

—— (Astarte) and Mylitta, i. 36, 37 n. 1

Isis, sister and wife of Osiris, ii. 6sq.;

date of the festival of, 26n. 2, 33;

as a cow or a woman with the head of a cow, i. 50, ii. 50, 85, 88n. 1, 91;

invoked by Egyptian reapers, i. 232, ii. 45, 117;

in the form of a hawk, 8, 20;

in the papyrus swamps, 8;

in the form of a swallow, 9;

at Byblus, 9sq.;

at the well, 9, 111n. 6;

her search for the body of Osiris, 10, 50, 85;

recovers and buries the body of Osiris, 10sq.;

mourns Osiris, 12;

restores Osiris to life, 13;

her tears supposed to swell the Nile, 33;

her priest wears a jackal's mask, 85n. 3;

decapitated by her son Horus, 88n. 1;

her temple at Philae, 89, 111;

her many names, 115;

sister and wife of Osiris, 116;

a corn-goddess, 116sq.;

her discovery of wheat and barley, 116;

identified with Ceres, 117;

identified with Demeter, 117;

as the ideal wife and mother, 117sq.;

refinement and spiritualization of, 117sq.;

popularity of her worship in the Roman empire, 118;

her resemblance to the Virgin Mary, 118sq.;

Sirius her star, 34sq., 152

Isis and the king's son at Byblus, i. 180;

and the scorpions, ii. 8

Iswara or Mahadeva, an Indian god, i. 241, 242

Italian myths of kings or heroes begotten by the fire-god, ii. 235

Italy, hot springs in, i. 213;

divination at Midsummer in, 254

Itch of Hercules, i. 209

Itongo, an ancestral spirit (Zulu term, singular of Amatongo), ii. 184n. 2, 185

Ivy, sacred to Attis, i. 278;

sacred to Osiris, ii. 112

Jablonski, P. E., on Osiris as a sun-god, ii. 120

Jackal-god Up-uat, ii. 154

Jackal's mask worn by priest of Isis, 11, 85 n. 3

Jamblichus on insensibility to pain as sign of inspiration, i. 169;

on the purifying virtue of fire, 181

January, the sixth of, reckoned in the East the Nativity of Christ, i. 304

Janus in Roman mythology, ii. 235n. 6

—— -like deity on coins, i. 165

Japan, annual festival of the dead in, ii. 65

Jars, children buried in, i. 109 n. 1

Jason and Medea, i. 181 n. 1

Jastrow, Professor M., on the festival of Tammuz, i. 10 n. 1;

on the character of Tammuz, 230 n.

Java, conduct of natives in an earthquake, i. 202 n. 1;

the Valley of Poison in, 203 sq.;

worship of volcanoes in, 220 sq.

Jawbone, the ghost of the dead thought to adhere to the, ii. 167sq.

—— and navel-string of Kibuka, the war-god of the Baganda, ii. 197

Jawbones, lower, of dead kings of Uganda preserved and worshipped, ii. 167sq., 169sq., 171sq.;

the ghosts of the kings supposed to attach to their jawbones, 169

[pg 294]

Jâyi or Jawâra, festival in Upper India, i. 242

Jebel Hissar, Olba, i. 151

Jehovah in relation to thunder, i. 22 n. 3;

in relation to rain, 23 n. 1

Jensen, P., on rock-hewn sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, i. 137 n. 4;

on Hittite inscription, 145 n. 2;

on the Syrian god Hadad, 163 n. 3

Jeremiah, on the prophet as a madman, i. 77;

on birth from stocks and stones, 107

Jericho, death of Herod at, i. 214

Jerome, on the date of the month Tammuz, i. 10 n. 1;

on the worship of Adonis at Bethlehem, 257

Jerusalem, mourning for Tammuz at, i. 11, 17, 20;

the Canaanite kings of, 17;

the returned captives at, 23;

the Destroying Angel over, 24;

besieged by Sennacherib, 25;

the religious orchestra at, 52;

“great burnings” for the kings at, 177 sq.;

the king's pyre at, 177 sq.;

Church of the Holy Sepulchre at, Good Friday ceremonies in the, 255 n.;

the sacrifice of first-born children at, ii. 219

Jewish priests, their rule as to the pollution of death, ii. 230

Jews of Egypt, costume of bride and bridegroom among the, ii. 260

Joannes Lydus, on Phrygian rites at Rome, i. 266 n. 2

John Barleycorn, i. 230 sq.

Johns, Dr. C. H. W., on Babylonian votaries, i. 71 n. 3 and 5

Johnston, Sir H. H., on eunuch priests on the Congo, i. 271 n.

Josephus, on worship of kings of Damascus, i. 15;

on the Tyropoeon, 178

Josiah, reforms of king, i. 17 n. 5, 18 n. 3, 25, 107

Jualamukhi in the Himalayas, perpetual fires, i. 192

Judah, laments for dead kings of, i. 20

Judean maid impregnated by serpent, i. 81

Julian, the emperor, his entrance into Antioch, i. 227, 258;

on the Mother of the Gods, 299 n. 3;

restores the standard cubit to the Serapeum, ii. 217n. 1

Julian calendar introduced by Caesar, ii. 37, 93n. 1

—— year, ii. 28

Juno, the Flaminica Dialis sacred to, ii. 230n. 2;

the wife of Jupiter, 231

Junod, Henri A., on the worship of the dead among the Thonga, ii. 180sq.

Juok, the supreme god and creator of the Shilluks, ii. 165

Jupiter, the husband of Juno, ii. 231;

the father of Fortuna Primigenia, 234

Jupiter and Juturna, ii. 235n. 6

—— Dolichenus, i. 136

Justice and Injustice in Aristophanes, i. 209

Justin Martyr on the resemblances of paganism to Christianity, i. 302 n. 4

Juturna in Roman mythology, ii. 235n. 6

Kabyles, marriage custom of the, to ensure the birth of a boy, ii. 262

Kadesh, a Semitic goddess, i. 137 n. 2

Kai of German New Guinea, their belief in conception without sexual intercourse, i. 96 sq.

Kaikolans, a Tamil caste, i. 62

Kaitish of Central Australia, their belief in the reincarnation of the dead, i. 99

Kalat el Hosn, in Syria, i. 78

Kalids, kaliths, deities in the Pelew Islands, ii. 204n. 4, 207

Kalunga, the supreme god of the Ovambo, ii. 188

Kangra District, Punjaub, i. 94

Kantavu, a Fijian island, i. 201

Kanytelideis, in Cilicia, i. 158

Kara-Bel, in Lydia, Hittite sculpture at, i. 138 n., 185

Kariera tribe of West Australia, their beliefs as to the birth of children, i. 105

Karma-tree, ceremony of the Mundas over a, i. 240

Karo-Bataks, of Sumatra, their custom as to the first sheaf of rice at harvest, ii. 239

Karok Indians of California, their lamentations at hewing sacred wood, ii. 47sq.

Karunga, the supreme god of the Herero, ii. 186, 187n. 1

Katikiro, Baganda term for prime minister, ii. 168

Kayans, their reasons for taking human heads, i. 294 sq.

Keadrol, a Toda clan, ii. 228

Keb (Geb or Seb), Egyptian earth-god, father of Osiris, i. 6, 283 n. 3

Ḳedeshim, sacred men, i. 38 n., 59, 72, 76, 107;

at Jerusalem, 17 sq.;

in relation to prophets, 76

Ḳedeshoth, sacred women, i. 59, 72, 107

Kemosh, god of Moab, i. 15

Kennett, Professor R. H., on David and Goliath, i. 19 n. 2;

on Elisha in the wilderness, 53 n. 1;

on ḳedeshim, 73 n. 1;

on the sacrifice of first-born children at Jerusalem, ii. 219

Kent's Hole, near Torquay, fossil bones in, i. 153

Keysser, Ch., on belief in conception without sexual intercourse, i. 96 sq.

Khalij, old canal at Cairo, ii. 38

[pg 295]

Khangars of the Central Provinces, India, bridegroom and his father dressed as women at a marriage among the, ii. 261

Khasi tribes governed by kings, not queens, ii. 210

Khasis of Assam, their system of mother-kin, i. 46, ii. 202sq.;

goddesses predominate over gods in their religion, 203sq.;

rules as to the succession to the kingship among the, 210n. 1

Khent, early king of Egypt, ii. 154;

his reign, 19sq.;

his tomb at Abydos, 19sqq.;

his tomb identified with that of Osiris, 20, 197

Khenti-Amenti, title of Osiris, ii. 87, 198n. 2

Khoiak, festival of Osiris in the month of, ii. 86sqq., 108sq.

Khyrim State, in Assam, i. 46;

governed by a High Priestess, ii. 203

Kibuka, the war-god of the Baganda, a dead man, ii. 197;

his personal relics preserved at Cambridge, 197

Kidd, Dudley, on the worship of ancestral spirits among the Bantus of South Africa, ii. 177sqq.

King, J. E., on infant burial, i. 91 n. 3

King, a masker at Carnival called the, ii. 99

—— of Tyre, his walk on stones of fire, i. 114 sq.;

of Uganda, his navel-string preserved and inspected every new moon, ii. 147sq.

Kings as priests, i. 42;

as lovers of a goddess, 49 sq.;

held responsible for the weather and the crops, 183;

marry their sisters, 316;

slaughter human victims with their own hands, ii. 97n. 7;

torn in pieces, traditions of, 97sq.;

human sacrifices to prolong the life of, 220sq., 223sqq.

—— and magicians dismembered and their bodies buried in different parts of the country to fertilize it, ii. 101sq.

——, dead, reincarnate in lions, i. 83 n. 1;

worshipped in Africa, 160 sqq.;

sacrifices offered to, 162, 166 sq.;

incarnate in animals, 162, 163 sq., 173;

consulted as oracles, 167, 171, 172, 195;

human sacrifices to, 173;

worshipped by the Barotse, 194 sq.

——, divinity of Semitic, i. 15 sqq.;

divinity of Lydian, 182 sqq.

—— of Egypt worshipped as gods, i. 52;

buried at Abydos, ii. 19;

perhaps formerly slain in the character of Osiris, 97sq., 102;

as Osiris, 151sqq.;

renew their life by identifying themselves with the dead and risen Osiris, 153sq.;

born again at the Sed festival, 153, 156sq.;

perhaps formerly put to death to prevent their bodily and mental decay, 154sq., 156

Kings, Hebrew, traces of divinity ascribed to, i. 20 sqq.

——, Shilluk, put to death before their strength fails, ii. 163

—— of Sweden answerable for the fertility of the ground, ii. 220;

their sons sacrificed, 51

Kingship at Rome a plebeian institution, i. 45;

under mother-kin, rules as to succession to the, ii. 210n. 1;

in Africa under mother-kin inherited by men, not women, 211

Kingsley, Miss Mary H., on secret burial of chief's head, ii. 104

Kinnor, a lyre, i. 52

Kirauea, volcano in Hawaii, i. 216 sq.;

divinities of, 217;

offerings to, 217 sqq.

Kiriwina, one of the Trobriand Islands, annual festival of the dead in, i. 56;

snakes as reincarnations of the dead in, 84;

presentation of children to the full moon in, ii. 144

Kiwai, an island off New Guinea, magic for the growth of sago in, ii. 101

Kiziba, a district of Central Africa, dead kings worshipped in, ii. 173sq.;

totemism in, 173

Klamath Indians of Oregon, their theory of the waning moon, ii. 130

Kocchs of North-Eastern India, succession to husband's property among the, ii. 215n. 2

Kois of Southern India, infant burial among the, i. 95

Komatis of Mysore, their worship of serpents, i. 81 sq.

Koniags of Alaska, their magical uses of the bodies of the dead, ii. 106

Konkaus of California, their dance of the dead, ii. 53

Kosio, a dedicated person, i. 65, 66, 68

Kosti, in Thrace, carnival custom at, ii. 99sq.

Kotas, a tribe of Southern India, their priests not allowed to be widowers, ii. 230

Kretschmer, Professor P., on native population of Cyprus, i. 145 n. 3;

on Cybele and Attis, 287 n. 2

Krishna, Hindoo god, ii. 254

Kuar, an Indian month, ii. 144

Kubary, J., on the system of mother-kin among the Pelew Islanders, ii. 204sqq.

Kuinda, Cilician fortress, i. 144 n. 1

[pg 296]

Kuki-Lushai, men dressed as women to deceive dangerous ghosts or spirits among the, ii. 263

Kuklia, Old Paphos, i. 33, 36

Kundi in Cilicia, i. 144

Kupalo, figure of, passed across fire at Midsummer, i. 250 sq.;

a deity of vegetation, 253

Kupole's festival at Midsummer in Prussia, i. 253

Labraunda in Caria, i. 182 n. 4

Labrys, Lydian word for axe, i. 182

Laconia, subject to earthquakes, i. 203 n. 2

Lactantius, on the rites of Osiris, ii. 85

Lagash in Babylonia, i. 35 n. 5

Lago di Naftia in Sicily, i. 221 n. 4

Lagrange, Father M. J., on the mourning for Adonis as a harvest rite, i. 231

Laguna, Pueblo village of New Mexico, ii. 54n. 2

Lakhubai, an Indian goddess, i. 243

Lakor, theory of earthquakes in, i. 198

Lamas River in Cilicia, i. 149, 150

Lamentations of Egyptian reapers, i. 232, ii. 45;

of the savage for the animals and plants which he eats, 43sq.;

of Cherokee Indians “after the first working of the crop,” 47;

of the Karok Indians at cutting sacred wood, 47sq.

Laments for Tammuz, i. 9 sq.;

for dead kings of Judah, 20;

for Osiris, ii. 12

Lampblack used to avert the evil eye, ii. 261

Lamps lighted to show the dead the way, ii. 51sq.;

for the use of ghosts at the feast of All Souls, 72, 73

Lancashire, All Souls' Day in, ii. 79

Landen, the battle of, i. 234

Lane, E. W., on the rise of the Nile, ii. 31n. 1

Lantana salvifolia, ii. 47

Lanterns, the feast of, in Japan, ii. 65

Lanzone, R. V., on the rites of Osiris, ii. 87n. 5

Larnax Lapethus in Cyprus, Melcarth worshipped at, i. 117

Larrekiya, Australian tribe, their belief in conception without cohabitation, i. 103

Lateran Museum, statue of Attis in the, i. 279

Latham, R. G., on succession to husband's property among the Kocchs, ii. 215n. 2

Laurel, gold wreath of, worn by priest of Hercules, i. 143;

in Greek purificatory rites, ii. 240sq.

—— -bearing, a festival at Thebes, in Boeotia, ii. 241

Leake, W. M., on flowers in Asia Minor, i. 187 n. 6

Leaping over Midsummer fires to make hemp or flax grow tall, i. 251

Leaves and flowers as talismans, ii. 242sq.

Lebanon, the forests of Mount, i. 14;

Aphrodite of the, 30;

Baal of the, 32;

the charm of the, 235

Lech, a tributary of the Danube, ii. 70

Lechrain, feast of All Souls in, ii. 70sq.

Lecky, W. E. H., on the influence of great men on the popular imagination, ii. 199

Legend of the foundation of Carthage and similar tales, ii. 249sq.

Lehmann-Haupt, C. F., on the historical Semiramis, i. 177 n. 1

Lent, the Indian and Fijian, i. 90

Leo the Great, as to the celebration of Christmas, i. 305

Leonard, Major A. G., on sacrifices to prolong the lives of kings and others, ii. 222

Leprosy, king of Israel expected to heal, i. 23 sq.

Lepsius, R., his identification of Osiris with the sun, ii. 121sq.

Leti, theory of earthquakes in, i. 198

Letopolis, neck of Osiris at, ii. 11

Letts, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 74sq.

Lewis the Pious, institutes the feast of All Saints, ii. 83

Leza, supreme being recognized by the Bantu tribes of Northern Rhodesia, ii. 174

Licinius Imbrex, on Mars and Nerio, ii. 232

Lightning thought by Caffres to be caused by the ghost of a powerful chief, ii. 177with n. 1;

no lamentations allowed for persons killed by, 177n. 1;

“Lights of the dead” to enable the ghosts to enter houses, ii. 65

——, three hundred and sixty-five, in the rites of Osiris, ii. 88

Lion, deity standing on a, i. 123 n. 2, 127;

the emblem of the Mother Goddess, 164;

as emblem of Hercules and the Heraclids, 182, 184;

carried round acropolis of Sardes, 184, ii. 249

—— -god at Boghaz-Keui, the mystery of the, i. 139 sq.;

of Lydia, 184

—— -slaying god, statue of, i. 117

Lions, dead kings reincarnate in, i. 83 n. 1, ii. 163;

carved, at gate, i. 128;

as emblems of the great Asiatic Mother-goddess, 137;

deities seated on, 162;

spirits of dead chiefs reincarnated in, ii. 193

[pg 297]

Living parents, children of, in ritual, ii. 236sqq.

Loeboes, a tribe of Sumatra, exchange of costume between boys and girls among the, ii. 264

Loryma in Caria, Adonis worshipped at, i. 227 n.

Lots, Greek custom as to the drawing of, ii. 248

Lovers, term applied to the Baalim, i. 75 n.

Low, Hugh, on Dyak treatment of heads of slain enemies, i. 295

Lua and Saturn, ii. 233

Luangwa, district of Northern Rhodesia, prayers to dead ancestors in, ii. 175sq.

Lucian, on religious prostitution, i. 58;

on image of goddess at Hierapolis-Bambyce, 137 n. 2;

on the death of Peregrinus, 181;

on dispute between Hercules and Aesculapius, 209 sq.;

on the ascension of Adonis, 225 n. 3

Lugaba, the supreme god of the Bahima, ii. 190

Lunar sympathy, the doctrine of, ii. 140sqq.

Lung-fish clan among the Baganda, ii. 224

Luritcha of Central Australia, their belief in the reincarnation of the dead, i. 99

Lushais, men dressed as women, women dressed as men, among the, ii. 255n. 1

Luxor, temples at, ii. 124

Lyall, Sir Charles J., on the system of mother-kin among the Khasis, ii. 202sq.

Lycaonian plain, i. 123

Lycia, flowers in, i. 187 n. 6;

Mount Chimaera in, 221;

mother-kin in, ii. 212sq.

Lycian language, question of its affinity, ii. 213n. 1

—— men dressed as women in mourning, ii. 264

Lycurgus, king of the Edonians, rent in pieces by horses, ii. 98, 99

Lycus, valley of the, i. 207

Lydia, prostitution of girls before marriage in, i. 38, 58;

the lion-god of, 184;

the Burnt Land of, 193 sq.;

traces of mother-kin in, ii. 259

Lydian kings, their divinity, i. 182 sqq.;

held responsible for the weather and the crops, 183

Lyell, Sir Charles, on hot springs, i. 213 n. 4;

on volcanic phenomena in Syria and Palestine, 222 n. 1

Lyre as instrument of religious music, i. 52 sq., 54 sq.;

the instrument of Apollo, 288

Lysimachus scatters the bones of the kings of Epirus, ii. 104

Ma, goddess of Comana in Pontus, i. 39, 265 n. 1

Macalister, Professor R. A. Stewart, on infant burial at Gezer, i. 109 n. 1

Macdonald, Rev. James, on the worship of ancestors among the Bantus, ii. 176

Mace of Narmer, representation of the Sed festival on the, ii. 154

McLennan, J. F., on brother and sister marriages, i. 44 n. 2, ii. 216n. 1

Macrobius, on the mourning Aphrodite, i. 30;

on the Egyptian year, ii. 28n. 3;

on Osiris as a sun-god, 121;

his solar theory of the gods, 121, 128;

on the influence of the moon, 132

Madagascar, vicarious sacrifice for a king in, ii. 221;

men dressed as women in, 254

Madonna and Isis, ii. 119

Maeander, the valley of the, subject to earthquakes, i. 194;

sanctuaries of Pluto in the valley of the, 205, 206

Mafuie, the Samoan god of earthquakes, i. 200

Magarsus in Cilicia, i. 169 n. 3

Magic and religion, combination of, i. 4

Magical ceremonies for the regulation of the seasons, i. 3 sqq.

—— dramas for the regulation of the seasons, i. 4 sq.

—— uses made of the bodies of the dead, ii. 100sqq.

Magnesia, on the Maeander, worship of Zeus at, ii. 238

Mahadeo and Parvati, Indian deities, i. 242, 251

Mahadeva, Indian god, i. 241

Mahdi, an ancient, i. 74

Mahratta, dancing-girls in, i. 62

Maia or Majestas, the wife of Vulcan, ii. 232sq.

Maiau, hero in form of crocodile, i. 139 n. 1

Maiden, the (Persephone), the descent of, ii. 41

Malagasy use of children of living parents in ritual, ii. 247

Malay Peninsula, the Mentras or Mantras of the, ii. 140

Mallus in Cilicia, deities on coins of, i. 165 sq.

Malta, bilingual inscription of, i. 16;

Phoenician temples of, 35

Mamre, sacred oak or terebinth at, i. 37 n. 2

Mandingoes of Senegambia, their attention to the phases of the moon, ii. 141

Maneros, chant of Egyptian reapers, ii. 45, 46

Manes, first king of Lydia, i. 186 n. 5

Manetho, on the Egyptian burnt-sacrifice of red-haired men, ii. 97;

on Isis as [pg 298] the discoverer of corn, 116;

quoted by Diodorus Siculus, 120

Manichaeans, their theory of earthquakes, i. 197

Manichaeus, the heretic, his death, i. 294 n. 3

Manipur, the Tangkul Nagas of, ii. 57sq.

Mantinea, Poseidon worshipped at, i. 203 n. 2

Maori priest catches the soul of a tree, ii. 111n. 1

Marash, Hittite monuments at, i. 173

March, festival of Attis in, i. 267

——, the twenty-fifth of, tradition that Christ was crucified on, i. 306

Marduk, human wives of, at Babylon, i. 71

Mariette-Pacha, A., on the burial of Osiris, ii. 89n.

Marigolds used to adorn tombstones on All Souls' Day, ii. 71

Marks, bodily, of prophets, i. 74

Marriage as an infringement of old communal rights, i. 40;

of the Sun and Earth, 47 sq.;

of women to serpent-god, 66 sqq.;

of Adonis and Aphrodite celebrated at Alexandria, 224;

of Sky and Earth, 282 with n. 2;

of the Roman gods, ii. 230sqq.;

exchange of dress between men and women at, 260sqq.

——, sacred, of priest and priestess as representatives of deities, i. 46 sqq.;

represented in the rock-hewn sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, 140;

in Cos, ii. 259n. 4

—— customs of the Aryan family, ii. 235;

use of children of living parents in, 245sqq.;

to ensure the birth of boys, 262

Marriages of brothers with sisters in ancient Egypt, ii. 214sqq.;

their intention to keep the property in the family, 215sq.

Mars, the father of Romulus and Remus, ii. 235

—— and Bellona, ii. 231

—— and Nerio, ii. 232

Marsala in Sicily, Midsummer customs at, i. 247

Marseilles, Midsummer custom at, i. 248 sq.

Marshall, Mr. A. S. F., on the felling of timber in Mexico, ii. 136n. 3

Marsyas, his musical contest with Apollo and his death, i. 288 sq.;

perhaps a double of Attis, 289

—— and Apollo, i. 55

——, the river, i. 289

Martin, M., on the cutting of peat in the Hebrides, ii. 138

Masai, of East Africa, their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, i. 82, 84;

their ceremonies at the new moon, ii. 142sq.

—— boys wear female costume at circumcision, ii. 263

—— rule as to the choice of a chief, ii. 248

Masnes, a giant, i. 186

Masoka, the spirits of the dead, ii. 188sq.

Maspero, Sir Gaston, edits the Pyramid Texts, ii. 4n. 1;

on the nature of Osiris, 126n. 2

Masquerade at the Carnival in Thrace, ii. 99sq.

Masquerades at festivals of the dead, ii. 53

Massacres for sick kings of Uganda, ii. 226

Massaya, volcano in Nicaragua, human victims sacrificed to, i. 219

Massebah (plural masseboth), sacred stone or pillar, i. 107, 108

Maternal uncle in marriage ceremonies in India, i. 62 n. 1

Maternity and paternity of the Roman deities, ii. 233sqq.

“Matriarchate,” i. 46

Maui, Fijian god of earthquakes, i. 202 n.

Maundrell, H., on the discoloration of the river Adonis, i. 225 n. 4

Maury, A., on the Easter ceremonies compared with those of Adonis, i. 257 n. 1

Maximus Tyrius, on conical image at Paphos, i. 35 n.

May, modern Greek feast of All Souls in May, ii. 78n. 1

—— Day, ceremony at Meiron in Galilee on the eve of, i. 178

—— -pole or Midsummer-tree in Sweden and Bohemia, i. 250

Medea and her magic cauldron, i. 180 sq.

Medicine-men of Zulus, i. 74 n. 4;

of Wiimbaio, 75 n. 4

Mefitis, Italian goddess of mephitic vapours, i. 204, 205

Megalopolis, battle of gods and giants in plain of, i. 157

Megassares, king of Hyria, i. 41

Meiners, C., on purification by blood, i. 299 n. 2

Meiron, in Galilee, burnings for dead Jewish Rabbis at, i. 178 sq.

Mela's description of the Corycian cave, i. 155 n., 156

Melanesia, belief in conception without sexual intercourse in, i. 97 sq.

Melanesian magicians buried secretly, ii. 105

[pg 299]

Melanesians, mother-kin among the, ii. 211;

of New Britain, their use of flowers and leaves as talismans, 242sq.

Melcarth, the god of Tyre, identified with Hercules, i. 16, 111;

worshipped at Amathus in Cyprus, 32, 117;

the burning of, 110 sqq.;

worshipped at Gades, 112 sq., ii. 258n. 5

Melchizedek, king of Salem, i. 17

Melech and Moloch, ii. 219sq.

Meles, king of Lydia, banished because of a dearth, i. 183;

causes lion to be carried round acropolis, 184

Melicertes, a form of Melcarth, i. 113

Melite in Phthia, i. 291

Melito on the father of Adonis, i. 13 n. 2

Memnonium at Thebes, ii. 35n.

Memorial stones, ii. 203

Memphis, head of Osiris at, ii. 11;

oath of the kings of Egypt at, 24;

festival of Osiris in the month of Khoiak at, 108;

Apis the sacred bull of, 119n.;

the sanctuary of Serapis at, 119n.

Men, make gods, ii. 211;

dressed as women at marriage, 262sqq.;

dressed as women to deceive dangerous spirits, 262sq.;

dressed as women at circumcision, 263

—— and women inspired by the spirits of dead kings and chiefs, ii. 171, 172, 192sq.

—— “of God,” prophets, i. 76

Men Tyrannus, Phrygian moon-god, i. 284;

custom as to pollution of death at his shrine, ii. 227

Mentras or Mantras of the Malay Peninsula, their tradition as to primitive man, ii. 140

Mephitic vapours, worship of, i. 203 sqq.

Mercurial temperament of merchants and sailors, ii. 218

Mesha, king of Moab, i. 15;

sacrifices his first-born, 110

Messiah, “the Anointed One,” i. 21

Meteor as signal for festival, i. 259

Metharme, daughter of Pygmalion, i. 41

Methide plant growing over grave of Osiris, ii. 111

Mexican calendar, its mode of intercalation, ii. 28n. 3

Mexicans, their human sacrifices for the maize, ii. 107

Mexico, rule as to the felling of timber in, ii. 136

Meyer, Professor Eduard, on prophecy in Canaan, i. 75 n. 5;

on the Hittite language, 125 n.;

on costume of Hittite priest or king, 133 n., 141 n. 1;

on the rock-hewn sculptures of Boghaz-Keui, 133 n.;

on Anubis at Abydos, ii. 18n. 3;

on the hawk as an Egyptian emblem, 22n. 1;

on the date of the introduction of the Egyptian calendar, 36n. 2;

on the nature of Osiris, 126n. 2;

on the relation of Byblus to Egypt, 127n. 1;

on the Lycian language, 213n. 1

Michael Angelo, the Pietà of, i. 257

Michaelmas, 29th September, ii. 74

Midas, the tomb of, i. 286

—— and Gordias, names of Phrygian kings, i. 286

Midsummer, old heathen festival of, in Europe and the East, i. 249 sq.;

divination at, 252 sq.

—— bathing, pagan origin of the custom, i. 249

—— Bride and Bridegroom in Sweden, i. 251

—— Day or Eve, custom of bathing on, i. 246 sqq.

—— fires and couples in relation to vegetation, i. 250 sq.;

leaping over the fires to make flax or hemp grow tall, 251

Milcom, the god of Ammon, i. 19

Milk, serpents fed with, i. 84 sqq., 87;

offered at graves, 87

Mill, women mourning for Tammuz eat nothing ground in a mill, i. 230

Milne, Mrs. Leslie, on the Shans, ii. 136

Milton on the laments for Tammuz, i. 226 n.

Minoan age of Greece, i. 34

Minucius Felix on the rites of Osiris, ii. 85n. 3

Miraculous births of gods and heroes, i. 107

“Mistress of Turquoise,” goddess at Sinai, i. 35

Mitani, ancient people of Northern Mesopotamia, i. 135 n.

Mithra, Persian deity, popularity of his worship in the Roman Empire, i. 301 sq.;

identified with the Unconquered Sun, 304

Mithraic religion a rival to Christianity, i. 302;

festival of Christmas borrowed from it, 302 sqq.

Miztecs of Mexico, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 54sq.

Mnevis, sacred Egyptian bull, ii. 11

Moa, theory of earthquakes in, i. 198

Moab, Mesha, king of, i. 15;

the wilderness of, 52 sq.;

the springs of Callirrhoe in, 214 sqq.

——, Arabs of, their custom at harvest, ii. 48, 96;

their remedies for ailments, 242

Moabite stone, the inscription on the, i. 15 n. 3, 20 n. 2, 163 n. 3

[pg 300]

Moabites burn the bones of the kings of Edom, ii. 104

Models in cardboard offered to the dead instead of the things themselves, ii. 63sq.

Mohammedan peoples of North Africa, their custom of bathing at Midsummer, i. 249

—— saints as givers of children, i. 78 n. 2

Mohammedanism, ii. 160

Mohammedans of Oude, their mode of drinking moonshine, ii. 144

Moire, sister of Tylon, i. 186

Moloch, meaning of the name, i. 15;

sacrifices of first-born children to, 178;

the king, ii. 219sqq.

—— and Melech, ii. 219sq.

Mommsen, Th., on the date of the festival of Osiris at Rome, ii. 95n. 1

Mongols, funeral customs of the, i. 293

Monmouthshire, All Souls' Day in, ii. 79

Monomotapa, a Caffre king, his way of prolonging his life, ii. 222sq.

Montanists, their view as to the date of Creation, i. 307 n. 2

Months, the Egyptian, table of, ii. 37n.

Moon, human victims sacrificed to the, i. 73;

albinoes thought to be the offspring of the, 91;

popularly regarded as the cause of growth and decay, ii. 132, 138;

practical rules based on a theory of the influence of the, 132sqq., 140sqq.;

popularly regarded as the source of moisture, 137sq.;

worshipped by the agricultural Indians of tropical America, 138sq.;

viewed as the husband of the sun, 139n.;

Athenian superstition as to an eclipse of the, 141;

children presented to the, 144sqq.;

thought to have a harmful influence on children, 148

——, the new, ceremonies at, ii. 141sqq.;

dances at, 142;

custom of showing money to, or turning it in the pocket, 148sq.

——, the waning, theories to explain, ii. 130;

thought to be broken or eaten up, 130

—— Being of the Omahas, ii. 256

——, the infant god, ii. 131, 153

—— -god conceived as masculine, i. 73;

inspiration by the, 73;

in ancient Babylonia, ii. 138sq.

Moonshine drunk as a medicine in India, ii. 144;

thought to be beneficial to children, ii. 144

Móooi, Tongan god who causes earthquakes, i. 201

Moore, G. F., on the burnt sacrifice of children, ii. 219n. 1

Moravia, the feast of All Souls in, ii. 73

Moret, Alexandre, on Amenophis IV., ii. 123n. 1;

on the Sed festival, 155sq.

Mori, a district of Central Celebes, belief of the natives as to a spirit in the moon, ii. 139n.

Moriah, Mount, traditionally identified with Mount Zion, ii. 219n. 1

Morning Star, appearance of, perhaps the signal for the festival of Adonis, i. 258 sq.

Morocco, custom of prostitution in an Arab tribe in, i. 39 n. 3

Morrison, Rev. C. W., on belief of Australian aborigines as to childbirth, i. 103 n. 3

Mostene in Lydia, double-headed axe at, i. 183 n.

Mota, belief as to conception in women in, i. 97 sq.

“Mother” and “Father” as epithets applied to Roman goddesses and gods, ii. 233sqq.

——, dead, worshipped, ii. 175, 185

—— Earth, festival in her honour in Bengal, i. 90;

fertilized by Father Sky, myth of, 282

—— Goddess of Western Asia, sacred prostitution in the worship of the, i. 36;

lions as her emblems, 137, 164;

her eunuch priests, 206;

of Phrygia conceived as a Virgin Mother, 281

—— -kin, succession in royal houses with, i. 44;

trace of, at Rome and Nemi, 45;

among the Khasis of Assam, 46, ii. 202sqq.;

among the Hittites, traces of, i. 141 sq.;

and Mother Goddesses, ii. 201sqq., 212sqq.;

and father-kin, 202, 261n. 3;

favours the superiority of goddesses over gods in religion, 202sqq., 211sq.;

its influence on religion, 202sqq.;

among the Pelew Islanders, 204sqq.;

does not imply that government is in the hands of women, 208sqq.;

among the Melanesians, 211;

in Africa, 211;

in Lycia, 212sq.;

in ancient Egypt, 213sqq.;

traces of, in Lydia and Cos, 259;

favours the development of goddesses, 259.

See also Female kinship

—— of a god, i. 51, 52

—— of the gods, first-fruits offered to the, i. 280 n. 1;

popularity of her worship in the Roman Empire, 298 sq.

—— Plastene on Mount Sipylus, i. 185

“Mother's Air,” a tune on the flute, i. 288

[pg 301]

“Mothers of the Clan” in the Pelew Islands, ii. 205, 206

Motlav, belief as to conception in women in, i. 98

Mournful character of the rites of sowing, ii. 40sqq.

Mourning for Attis, i. 272;

for the corn-god at midsummer, ii. 34

—— costume of men in Lycia, ii. 264;

perhaps a mode of deceiving the ghost, 264

Mouth of the dead, Egyptian ceremony of opening the, ii. 15

Moylar, male children of sacred prostitutes, i. 63

Mpongwe kings of the Gaboon, buried secretly, ii. 104

Mugema, the earl of Busiro, ii. 168

Mukasa, the chief god of the Baganda, probably a dead man, ii. 196sq.;

gives oracles through a woman, 257

Mukuru, an ancestor (plural Ovakuru, ancestors), ii. 185sq.

Müller, Professor W. Max, on Hittite name for god, i. 148 n.

Mundas of Bengal, gardens of Adonis among the, i. 240

Mungarai, Australian tribe, their belief in the reincarnation of the dead, i. 101

Murder of children to secure their rebirth in barren women, i. 95

Murli, female devotee, i. 62

Music as a means of prophetic inspiration, i. 52 sq., 54 sq., 74;

in exorcism, 54 sq.;

and religion, 53 sq.

Musquakie Indians, infant burial among the, i. 91 n. 3

Mutilation of dead bodies of kings, chiefs, and magicians, ii. 103sqq.;

to prevent their souls from becoming dangerous ghosts, 188

Mycenae, royal graves at, i. 33, 34

Mycenaean age of Greece, i. 34

Mylasa in Caria, i. 182 n. 4

Mylitta, Babylonian goddess, sacred prostitution in her worship, i. 36, 37 n. 1

Myrrh or Myrrha, the mother of Adonis, i. 43, 227 sq.

—— -tree, Adonis born of a, i. 227, ii. 110

Mysore, sacred women in, i. 62 n.;

the Komatis of, 81 sq.

Mysteries of Sabazius, i. 90 n. 4;

of Attis, 274 sq.

Myth and ritual of Attis, i. 263 sqq.

Myths supposed to originate in verbal misapprehensions or a disease of language, ii. 42

——, Italian, of kings or heroes begotten by the fire-god, ii. 235

Naaburg, in Bavaria, custom at sowing at, i. 239

“Naaman, wounds of the,” Arab name for the scarlet anemone, i. 226

Nabopolassar, king of Babylon, i. 174

Naga, serpent god, i. 81

Naga-padoha, the agent of earthquakes, i. 200

Nahanarvals, a German tribe, priest dressed as a woman among the, ii. 259

Nahr Ibrahim, the river Adonis, i. 14, 28

Namal tribe of West Australia, their belief as to the birth of children, i. 105

Names, royal, signifying relation to deity, i. 15 sqq.;

Semitic personal, indicating relationship to a deity, 51;

Hebrew, ending in -el or -iah, 79 n. 3

Nana, the mother of Attis, i. 263, 269, 281

Nandi, the, of British East Africa, their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, i. 82, 85;

their ceremony at the ripening of the eleusine grain, ii. 47;

boys dressed as women and girls dressed as men at circumcision among the, 263

Nanjundayya, H. V., on serpent worship in Mysore, i. 81 sq.

Naples, grotto del cani at, i. 205 n. 1;

custom of bathing on St. John's Eve at, 246

Narmer, the mace of, ii. 154

National character partly an effect of geographical and climatic conditions, ii. 217

Nativity of the Sun at the winter solstice, i. 303 sqq.

Natural calendar of the husbandman, shepherd, and sailor, ii. 25

Nature of Osiris, ii. 96sqq.

Navel-string of the king of Uganda preserved and inspected every new moon, ii. 147sq.

Navel-strings of dead kings of Uganda preserved, ii. 167, 168, 171;

ghosts of afterbirths thought to adhere to, 169sq.;

preserved by the Baganda as their twins and as containing the ghosts of their afterbirths, 169sq.

Ndjambi, Njambi, Njame, Zambi, Nyambe, etc., name of the supreme god among various tribes of Africa, ii. 186, with note 5

—— Karunga, the supreme god of the Herero, ii. 186

Nebseni, the papyrus of, ii. 112

Neith or Net, an Egyptian goddess, i. 282 n., ii. 51n. 1

Nekht, the papyrus of, ii. 112

[pg 302]

Nemi, Dianus and Diana at, i. 45

Nephthys, Egyptian goddess, sister of Osiris and Isis, ii. 6;

mourns Osiris, 12

Neptune and Salacia, ii. 231, 233

Nerio and Mars, ii. 232

New birth through blood in the rites of Attis, i. 274 sq.;

savage theory of, 299;

of Egyptian kings at the Sed festival, ii. 153, 155sq.

—— Britain, theory of earthquakes in, i. 201

—— Guinea, German, the Kai of, i. 96;

the Tami of, 198

—— Mexico, the Pueblo Indians of, ii. 54

—— moon, ceremonies at the, ii. 141sqq.

—— World, bathing on St. John's Day in the, i. 249;

All Souls' Day in the, ii. 80

—— Year's Day, festival of the dead on, ii. 53, 55, 62, 65

—— Zealand, Rotomahana in, i. 207, 209 n.

Newberry, Professor P. E., on Osiris as a cedar-tree god, ii. 109n. 1

Newman, J. H., on music, i. 53 sq.

Ngai, God, i. 68

Ngoni, their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, i. 82

Nguruhi, the supreme god of the Wahehe, ii. 188sq.

Niambe, the supreme god of the Barotse, ii. 193

Nias, conduct of the natives of, in an earthquake, i. 201 sq.;

head-hunting in, 296 n. 1

Nicaragua, Indians of, sacrifice human victims to volcanoes, i. 219

Nietzold, J., on the marriage of brothers with sisters in ancient Egypt, ii. 216 n. 1

Nigmann, E., on the religion of the Wahehe, ii. 188sq.

Nikunau, one of the Gilbert Islands, sacred stones in, i. 108 n. 1

Nile, the rise and fall of the, ii. 30sqq.;

rises at the summer solstice in June, 31n. 1, 33;

commanded by the King of Egypt to rise, 33;

thought to be swollen by the tears of Isis, 33;

gold and silver thrown into the river at its rising, 40;

the rise of, attributed to Serapis, 216sq.

——, the “Bride” of the, ii. 38

Nilsson, Professor M. P., on custom of sacred prostitution, i. 37 n. 2, 57 n. 1, 58 n. 2;

on the sacrifice of a bull to Zeus, ii. 239n. 1

Nineveh, the end of, i. 174

Njamus, the, of British East Africa, their sacrifices at irrigation channels, ii. 38sq.

Normandy, rolling in dew on St. John's Day in, i. 248

Northern Territory, Australia, beliefs as to the birth of children in the, i. 103 sq.

Nottinghamshire, harvest custom in, i. 238 n.

November, festivals of the dead in, ii. 51, 54, 69sqq.;

the month of sowing in Egypt, 94

Novitiate of priests and priestesses, i. 66, 68

Nullakun tribe of Australia, their belief as to the birth of children, i. 101

Nut, Egyptian sky-goddess, mother of Osiris, i. 283 n. 3, ii. 6, 16;

in a sycamore tree, 110

Nutlets of pines used as food, i. 278 n. 2

Nutritive and vicarious types of sacrifice, ii. 226

Nyakang, the first of the Shilluk kings, worshipped as the god of his people, ii. 162sqq.;

incarnate in various animals, 163sq.;

his mysterious disappearance, 163;

his graves, 163, 166;

historical reality of, 164, 166sq.;

his relation to the creator Juok, 164sq.;

compared to Osiris, 167

Nymphs of the Fair Crowns at Olympia, ii. 240

Nysa, in the valley of the Maeander, i. 205, 206 n. 1;

sacrifice of bull at, 292 n. 3

Nyuak, L., on guardian spirits of Sea Dyaks, i. 83

Oak or terebinth, sacred at Mamre, i. 37 n. 2

Oath of Egyptian kings not to correct the vague Egyptian year by intercalation, ii. 26

Obelisk, image of Astarte, i. 14

Obelisks, sacred, at Gezer, i. 108

Obscene images of Osiris, ii. 112

Octennial cycle, old, in Greece, ii. 242n.

October, the first of, a great Saxon festival, ii. 81n. 3

Odilo, abbot of Clugny, institutes feast of All Souls, ii. 82

Odin, hanged on a tree, i. 290;

human victims dedicated by hanging to, 290;

king's sons sacrificed to, ii. 220

Oenomaus, king of Pisa, his incest with his daughter, i. 44 n. 1

Oeta, Mount, Hercules burnt on, i. 111, 116, 211

Offerings to dead kings, ii. 194

Oil, holy, poured on king's head, i. 21;

[pg 303]

poured on sacred stones, 36;

as vehicle of inspiration, 74

Olba, priestly kings of, i. 143 sqq., 161;

the name of, 148;

the ruins of, 151 sq.

Old Woman of the corn, mythical being of the Cherokee Indians, ii. 46sq.

Olive of the Fair Crown at Olympia, ii. 240

—— -branches carried in procession and hung over doors at Athens, ii. 238

Olo Ngadjoe, the, of Borneo, i. 91

Olonets, Russian Government of, festival of the dead in, ii. 75

Olympia, the quack Peregrinus burns himself at, i. 181;

the cutting of the olive-branches to form the victors' crowns at, ii. 240

Olympic festival based on an octennial cycle, ii. 242n. 1

Olympus, Mount, in Cyprus, i. 32

Omahas, Indian tribe of North America, effeminate men among the, ii. 255sq.

Omonga, a rice-spirit who lives in the moon, ii. 139n.

Omphale and Hercules, i. 182, ii. 258

On, King of Sweden. See Aun.

Oodeypoor, in Rajputana, gardens of Adonis at, i. 241 sq.

Opening the eyes and mouth of the dead, Egyptian funeral rite, ii. 15

Operations of husbandry regulated by observation of the moon, ii. 133sqq.

Ops, the wife of Saturn, ii. 233;

in relation to Consus, 233n. 6

Oracles given by the spirits of dead kings, ii. 167, 171, 172

Oraons of Bengal, their annual marriage of the Sun and Earth, i. 46 sqq.;

gardens of Adonis among the, 240;

their annual festival of the dead, ii. 59

Orcus, Roman god of the lower world, his marriage celebrated by the pontiffs, ii. 231

Ordeal of chastity, i. 115 n. 2

Orestes at Castabala, i. 115

Orgiastic rites of Cybele, i. 278

Oriental mind untrammelled by logic, i. 4 n. 1

—— religions in the West, i. 298 sqq.;

their influence in undermining ancient civilization, 299 sqq.;

importance attached to the salvation of the individual soul in, 300

Origen, on the refusal of Christians to fight, i. 301 n. 1

Origin of Osiris, ii. 158sqq.

Orion, appearance of the constellation, a signal for sowing, i. 290 sq.

Orpheus, prophet and musician, i. 55;

the legend of his death, ii. 99

Orwell in Cambridgeshire, harvest custom at, i. 237 n. 4

Oschophoria, vintage festival at Athens, ii. 258n. 6

Osirian mysteries, the hall of the, at Abydos, ii. 108

Osiris identified with Adonis and Attis, i. 32, ii. 127n.;

myth of, ii. 3sqq.;

his birth, 6;

introduces the cultivation of corn and the vine, 7, 97, 112;

his violent death, 7sq.;

at Byblus, 9sq., 22sq., 127;

his body rent in pieces, 10;

the graves of, 10sq.;

his dead body sought and found by Isis, 10, 50, 85;

tradition as to his genital organs, 10, 102;

mourned by Isis and Nephthys, 12;

invited to come to his house, 12, 47;

restored to life by Isis, 13;

king and judge of the dead, 13sq.;

his body the first mummy, 15;

the funeral rites performed over his body the model of all funeral rites in Egypt, 15;

all the Egyptian dead identified with, 16;

his trial and acquittal in the court of the gods, 17;

represented in art as a royal mummy, 18;

specially associated with Busiris and Abydos, 18;

his tomb at Abydos, 18sq., 197sq.;

official festivals of, 49sqq.;

his sufferings displayed in a mystery at night, 50;

his festival in the month of Athyr, 84sqq.;

dramatic representation of his resurrection in his rites, 85;

his images made of vegetable mould, 85, 87, 90sq., 91;

the funeral rites of, described in the inscription of Denderah, 86sqq.;

his festival in the month of Khoiak, 86sqq., 108sq.;

his “garden,” 87sq.;

ploughing and sowing in the rites of, 87, 90, 96;

the burial of, in his rites, 88;

the holy sepulchre of, under Persea-trees, 88;

represented with corn sprouting from his dead body, 89;

his resurrection depicted on the monuments, 89sq.;

as a corn-god, 89sqq., 96sqq.;

corn-stuffed effigies of, buried with the dead as a symbol of resurrection, 90sq., 114;

date of the celebration of his resurrection at Rome, 95n. 1;

the nature of, 96sqq.;

his severed limbs placed on a corn-sieve, 97;

human victims sacrificed by kings at the grave of, 97;

suggested explanations of his dismemberment, 97;

sometimes explained by the ancients as a personification of the corn, 107;

as a tree-spirit, 107sqq.;

his image made out of a pine-tree, 108;

his emblems the crook and scourge or flail, 108, 153, compare 20;

his backbone represented by the ded pillar, 108sq.;

[pg 304]

interpreted as a cedar-tree god, 109n. 1;

his soul in a bird, 110;

represented as a mummy enclosed in a tree, 110, 111;

obscene images of, 112;

as a god of fertility, 112sq.;

identified with Dionysus, 113, 126n. 3;

a god of the dead, 113sq.;

universal popularity of his worship, 114;

interpreted by some as the sun, 120sqq., reasons for rejecting this interpretation, 122sqq.;

his death and resurrection interpreted as the decay and growth of vegetation, 126sqq.;

his body broken into fourteen parts, 129;

interpreted as the moon by some of the ancients, 129;

reigned twenty-eight years, 129;

his soul thought to be imaged in the sacred bull Apis, 130;

identified with the moon in hymns, 131;

represented wearing on his head a full moon within a crescent, 131;

distinction of his myth and worship from those of Adonis and Attis, 158sq.;

his dominant position in Egyptian religion, 158sq.;

the origin of, 158sqq.;

his historical reality asserted in recent years, 160n. 1;

his temple at Abydos, 198;

his title Khenti-Amenti, 198n. 2;

compared to Charlemagne, 199;

the question of his historical reality left open, 199sq.;

his death still mourned in the time of Athanasius, 217;

his old type better preserved than those of Adonis and Attis, 218

Osiris, Adonis, Attis, their mythical similarity, i. 6, ii. 201

—— and Adonis, similarity between their rites, ii. 127

—— and Dionysus, similarity between their rites, ii. 127

—— and the moon, ii. 129sqq.

“—— of the mysteries,” ii. 89

—— -Sep, title of Osiris, ii. 87

Ostrich-feather, king of Egypt supposed to ascend to heaven on an, ii. 154, 155

Otho, the emperor, addicted to the worship of Isis, ii. 118n. 1

Oulad Abdi, Arab tribe of Morocco, i. 39 n. 3

Oura, ancient name of Olba, i. 148, 152

Ourwira, theory of earthquakes in, i. 199

Ovambo, the, of German South-West Africa, their ceremony at the new moon, ii. 142;

the worship of the dead among the, 188

Ovid, on the story of Pygmalion, i. 49 n. 4

Owl regarded as the guardian spirit of a tree, ii. 111n. 1

Ox substituted for human victim in sacrifice, i. 146;

embodying corn-spirit sacrificed at Athens, 296 sq.;

black, used in purificatory ceremonies after a battle, ii. 251sq.

Ozieri, in Sardinia, St. John's festival at, i. 244

Pacasmayu, the temple of the moon at, ii. 138

Padmavati, an Indian goddess, i. 243

Pagan origin of the Midsummer festival (festival of St. John), i. 249 sq.

Paganism and Christianity, their resemblances explained as diabolic counterfeits, i. 302, 309 sq.

Παῖς ἀμφιθαλής, a boy whose parents are both alive, ii. 236n. 2

Palatinate, the Upper, the feast of All Souls in, ii. 72

Palestine, religious prostitution in, i. 58;

date of the corn-reaping in, 232 n.

Palestinian Aphrodite, i. 304 n.

Palestrina, the harmonies of, i. 54

Pampa del Sacramento, Peru, earthquakes in, i. 198

Pampas, bones of extinct animals in the, i. 158

Pamyles, an Egyptian, ii. 6

Pandharpur, in the Bombay Presidency, i. 243

Panaghia Aphroditessa at Paphos, i. 36

Panku, a being who causes earthquakes, i. 198

Papas, a name for Attis, i. 281, 282

Paphlagonian belief that the god is bound fast in winter, ii. 41

Paphos in Cyprus, i. 32 sqq.;

sanctuary of Aphrodite at, 32 sqq.;

founded by Cinyras, 41

Papyrus of Nebseni, ii. 112;

of Nekht, 112

—— swamps, Isis in the, ii. 8

Parilia and the festival of St. George, i. 308

Parr, Thomas, i. 56

Parvati or Isa, an Indian goddess, i. 241, 242

Pasicyprus, king of Citium, i. 50 n. 2

Patagonia, funeral customs of Indians of, i. 294

Patagonians, effeminate priests or sorcerers among the, ii. 254

Paternity, primitive ignorance of, i. 106 sq.;

unknown in primitive savagery, 282

—— and maternity of the Roman deities, ii. 233sqq.

Paton, W. R., on modern Greek feast of All Souls in May, ii. 78n. 1

Patrae, Laphrian Artemis at, i. 126 n. 2

[pg 305]

Pausanias on the necklace of Harmonia, i. 32 n. 2;

on bones of superhuman size, 157 n. 2;

on offerings to Etna, 221 n. 4;

on the Hanged Artemis, 291 n. 2

Payne, E. J., on the origin of moon-worship, ii. 138n. 2

Pegasus and Bellerophon, i. 302 n. 4

Pegu, dance of hermaphrodites in, i. 271 n.

Peking, Ibn Batuta at, i. 289

Pélé, goddess of the volcano Kilauea in Hawaii, i. 217 sqq.

Pelew Islanders, their system of mother-kin, ii. 204sqq.;

predominance of goddesses over gods among them, 204sqq.;

customs of the, 253sqq.

—— Islands and the ancient East, parallel between, ii. 208;

prostitution of unmarried girls in, 264sq.;

custom of slaying chiefs in the, 266sqq.

Pelion, Mount, sacrifices offered on the top of, at the rising of Sirius, ii. 36n.

Peloponnese, worship of Poseidon in, i. 203

Pelops restored to life, i. 181

Peneus, the river, at Tempe, ii. 240

Pennefather River in Queensland, belief of the natives as to the birth of children, i. 103

Pentheus, king of Thebes, rent in pieces by Bacchanals, ii. 98

Peoples of the Aryan stock, annual festivals of the dead among the, ii. 67sqq.

Pepi the First, ii. 5;

his pyramid, 4n. 1

Perasia, Artemis, at Castabala, i. 167 sqq.

Peregrinus, his death in the fire, i. 181

Perga in Pamphylia, Artemis at, i. 35

Periander, tyrant of Corinth, his burnt sacrifice to his dead wife, i. 179

Perigord, rolling in dew on St. John's Day in, i. 248

Peritius, month of, i. 111

Perpetual holy fire in temples of dead kings, ii. 174

—— fires worshipped, i. 191 sqq.

Perrot, G., on rock-hewn sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, i. 138 n.

Persea-trees in the rites of Osiris, ii. 87n. 5;

growing over the tomb of Osiris, 88

Persephone, name applied to spring, ii. 41

—— and Aphrodite, their contest for Adonis, i. 11 sq.

—— and Pluto, temple of, i. 205

Perseus, the virgin birth of, i. 302 n. 4

Persian reverence for fire, i. 174 sq.

—— festival of the dead, ii. 68

Persian fire-worship and priests, 191

Personation of gods by priests, i. 45, 46 sqq.

Peru, earthquakes in, i. 202;

sacrifice of sons in, ii. 220n. 4

Peruvian Indians, their theory of earthquakes, i. 201

Pescara River, in the Abruzzi, i. 246

Pescina in the Abruzzi, Midsummer custom at, i. 246

Pessinus, image of Cybele at, i. 35 n. 3;

priests called Attis at, 140;

local legend of Attis at, 264;

image of the Mother of the Gods at, 265;

people of, abstain from swine, 265;

high-priest of Cybele at, 285

Petrarch at Cologne on St. John's Eve, i. 247 sq.

Petrie, Professor W. M. Flinders, on the date of the corn-reaping in Egypt and Palestine, i. 231 n. 3;

on the Sed festival, ii. 151n. 3, 152n. 3, 154sq.;

on the marriage of brothers with sisters in Egypt, 216n. 1

Petrified cascades of Hierapolis, i. 207

Petroff, Ivan, on a custom of the Koniags of Alaska, ii. 106

Phamenoth, an Egyptian month, ii. 49n. 1, 130

Phaophi, an Egyptian month, ii. 49n. 1, 94

Pharnace, daughter of Megassares, i. 41

Phatrabot, a Cambodian month, ii. 61

Phidias, his influence on Greek religion, i. 54 n. 1

Philadelphia, subject to earthquakes, i. 194 sq.

Philae, Egyptian relief at, ii. 50n. 5;

mystic representation of Osiris in the temple of Isis at, 89;

sculptures in the temple of Isis at, 111;

the grave of Osiris at, 111;

the dead Osiris in the sculptures at, 112

Philo of Alexandria on the date of the corn-reaping, i. 231 n. 3

Philocalus, calendar of, i. 303 n. 2, 304 n. 3, 307 n., ii. 95n. 1

Philosophy, school of, at Tarsus, i. 118

Philostephanus, Greek historian, i. 49 n. 4

Phoenician temples in Malta, i. 35;

sacred prostitution in, 37

—— kings in Cyprus, i. 49

Phoenicians in Cyprus, i. 31 sq.

Phrygia, Attis a deity of, i. 263;

festival of Cybele in, 274 n.;

indigenous race of, 287

Phrygian belief that the god sleeps in winter, ii. 41

—— cap of Attis, i. 279

—— cosmogony, i. 263 sq.

—— kings named Midas and Gordias, i. 286

[pg 306]

Phrygian moon-god, i. 73

—— priests named Attis, i. 285, 287

Phrygians, invaders from Europe, i. 287

Pietà of Michael Angelo, i. 257

Pig's blood used in exorcism and purification, i. 299 n. 2

Pigs sacrificed annually to the moon and Osiris, ii. 131.

See also Swine

Pillars as a religious emblem, i. 34;

sacred, in Crete, 107 n. 2

Pindar on the music of the lyre, i. 55;

on Typhon, 156

Pine-cones symbols of fertility, i. 278;

thrown into vaults of Demeter, 278;

on the monuments of Osiris, ii. 110

—— seeds or nutlets used as food, i. 278

—— -tree in the myth and ritual of Attis, i. 264, 265, 267, 271, 277 sq., 285, ii. 98n. 5

Marsyas hung on a, i. 288;

in relation to human sacrifices, ii. 98n. 5;

Pentheus on the, 98n. 5;

in the rites of Osiris, 108

Pipiles of Central America expose their seeds to moonlight, ii. 135

Piraeus, processions in honour of Adonis at, i. 227 n.

Pirates, the Cilician, i. 149 sq.

Pitr Pāk, the Fortnight of the Manes, ii. 60

Pitrè, G., on Good Friday ceremonies in Sicily, i. 255 sq.

Placenta, Egyptian standard resembling a, ii. 156n. 1

See also Afterbirth.

Placianian Mother, a form of Cybele, worshipped at Cyzicus, i. 274 n.

Plastene, Mother, on Mount Sipylus, i. 185

Plato, on gardens of Adonis, i. 236 n. 1

Plautus on Mars and Nerio, ii. 232

Pleiades worshipped by the Abipones, i. 258 n. 2;

the setting of, the time of sowing, ii. 41

Pliny, on the date of harvest in Egypt, ii. 32n. 2;

on the influence of the moon, 132;

on the grafting of trees, 133n. 3;

on the time for felling timber, 136n.

Plotinus, the death of, i. 87

Ploughing, Prussian custom at, i. 238;

and sowing, ceremony of, in the rites of Osiris, ii. 87

Ploughmen and sowers drenched with water as a rain-charm, i. 238 sq.

Plutarch on the double-headed axe of Zeus Labrandeus, i. 182;

on the myth of Osiris, ii. 3, 5sqq.;

on Harpocrates, 9n.;

on Osiris at Byblus, 22sq.;

on the rise of the Nile, 31n. 1;

on the mournful character of the rites of sowing, 40sqq.;

his use of the Alexandrian year, 49, 84;

on an Egyptian ceremony at the winter solstice, 50n. 4;

on the date of the death of Osiris, 84;

on the festival of Osiris in the month of Athyr, 91sq.;

on the dating of Egyptian festivals, 94sq.;

on the rites of Osiris, 108;

on the grave of Osiris, 111;

on the similarity between the rites of Osiris and Dionysus, 127;

on the Flamen Dialis, 229sq.;

on the Flaminica Dialis, 230n. 2

Pluto, the breath of, i. 204, 205;

places or sanctuaries of, 204 sqq.;

cave and temple of, at Acharaca, 205

Plutonia, places of Pluto, i. 204

Pollution of death, ii. 227sqq.

Polo, Marco, on custom of people of Camul, i. 39 n. 3

Polyboea, sister of Hyacinth, i. 314, 316;

identified with Artemis or Persephone, 315

Polyidus, a seer, i. 186 n. 4

Polynesian myth of the separation of earth and sky, i. 283

Pomegranate causes virgin to conceive, i. 263, 269

Pomegranates forbidden to worshippers of Cybele and Attis, i. 280 n. 7

Pomona and Vertumnus, ii. 235n. 6

Pompey the Great, i. 27

Pondomisi, a Bantu tribe of South Africa, ii. 177

Pontiffs, the Roman, their mismanagement of the Julian calendar, ii. 93n. 1;

celebrated the marriage of Orcus, 231

Pontus, sacred prostitution in, i. 39, 58

Populonia, a Roman goddess, ii. 231

Port Darwin, Australia, i. 103

Porta Capena at Rome, i. 273

Poseidon the Establisher or Securer, i. 195 sq.;

the earthquake god, 195, 202 sq.

—— and Demeter, i. 280

Possession of priest or priestess by a divine spirit, i. 66, 68 sq., 72 sqq.;

by the spirits of dead chiefs, ii. 192sq.

Potniae in Boeotia, priest of Dionysus killed at, ii. 99n. 1

Pots of Basil on St. John's Day in Sicily, i. 245

Potter in Southern India, custom observed by a, i. 191 n. 2

Potters in Uganda bake their pots when the moon is waxing, ii. 135

Praeneste, Fortuna Primigenia, goddess of, ii. 234;

founded by Caeculus, 235

Prague, the feast of All Souls in, ii. 73

Prayers to dead ancestors, ii. 175sq., 178sq., 183sq.;

to dead kings, 192

[pg 307]

Pregnancy, causes of, unknown, i. 92 sq., 106 sq.;

Australian beliefs as to the causes of, 99 sqq.

Priestess identified with goddess, i. 219;

head of the State under a system of mother-kin, ii. 203

Priestesses more important than priests, i. 45, 46

Priesthood vacated on death of priest's wife, i. 45;

of Hercules at Tarsus, 143

Priestly dynasties of Asia Minor, i. 140 sq.

—— king and queen personating god and goddess, i. 45

—— kings, i. 42, 43;

of Olba, 143 sqq., 161;

Adonis personated by, 223 sqq.

Priests personate gods, i. 45, 46 sqq.;

tattoo-marks of, 74 n. 4;

not allowed to be widowers, ii. 227sqq.;

the Jewish, their rule as to the pollution of death, 230;

dressed as women, 253sqq.

—— of Astarte, kings as, i. 26

—— of Attis, the emasculated, i. 265, 266

—— of Zeus at the Corycian cave, i. 145, 155

Procession to the Almo in the rites of Attis, i. 273

Processions carved on rocks at Boghaz-Keui, i. 129 sqq.;

in honour of Adonis, 224 sq., 227 n., 236 n. 1

Procreation, savage ignorance of the causes of, i. 106 sq.

Procris, her incest with her father Erechtheus, i. 44

Profligacy of human sexes supposed to quicken the earth, i. 48

Property, rules as to the inheritance of, under mother-kin, ii. 203n. 1;

landed, combined with mother-kin tends to increase the social importance of women, 209

Prophecy, Hebrew, distinctive character of, i. 75

Prophet regarded as madman, i. 77

Prophetesses inspired by dead chiefs, ii. 192sq.;

inspired by gods, 207

Prophetic inspiration under the influence of music, i. 52 sq., 54 sq., 74;

through the spirits of dead kings and chiefs, ii. 171, 172, 192sq.

—— marks on body, i. 74

—— water drunk on St. John's Eve, i. 247

Prophets in relation to ḳedeshim, i. 76;

or mediums inspired by the ghosts of dead kings, ii. 171, 172

——, Hebrew, their resemblance to those of Africa, i. 74 sq.

Prophets of Israel, their religious and moral reform, i. 24 sq.

Propitiation of deceased ancestors, i. 46

Prostitution, sacred, before marriage, in Western Asia, i. 36 sqq.;

suggested origin of, 39 sqq.;

in Western Asia, alternative theory of, 57 sqq.;

in India, 61 sqq.;

in Africa, 65 sqq.

—— of unmarried girls in the Pelew Islands, ii. 264sq.;

in Yap, one of the Caroline Islands, 265sq.

Provence, bathing at Midsummer in, i. 248

Prussia, customs at ploughing and harvest in, i. 238;

divination at Midsummer in, 252 sq.

Pteria, captured by Croesus, i. 128

Ptolemy Auletes, king of Egypt, i. 43

Ptolemy and Berenice, annual festival in honour of, ii. 35n. 1

Ptolemy I. and Serapis, ii. 119n.

Ptolemy III. Euergetes, his attempt to correct the vague Egyptian year by intercalation, ii. 27

Ptolemy V. on the Rosetta Stone, ii. 152n.

Ptolemy Soter, i. 264 n. 4

Pueblo Indians of New Mexico, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 54

Pumi-yathon, king of Citium and Idalium, i. 50

Punjaub, belief in the reincarnation of infants in the, i. 94

Puppet substituted for human victim, i. 219 sq.

Purification by fire, i. 115 n. 1, 179 sqq.;

by pig's blood, 299 n. 2;

of Apollo at Tempe, ii. 240sq.

Purificatory ceremonies after a battle, ii. 251sq.

Pyanepsion, an Athenian month, ii. 41

Pygmalion, king of Citium and Idalium in Cyprus, i. 50

——, king of Cyprus, i. 41, 49

——, king of Tyre, i. 50

—— and Aphrodite, i. 49 sq.

Pymaton of Citium, i. 50 n. 2

Pyramid Texts, ii. 4sqq., 9n.;

intended to ensure the life of dead Egyptian kings, 4sq.;

Osiris and the sycamore in the, 110;

the mention of Khenti-Amenti in the, 198n. 2

Pyramus, river in Cilicia, i. 165, 167, 173

Pyre at festivals of Hercules, i. 116;

at Tarsus, 126;

of dead kings at Jerusalem, 177 sq.

—— or Torch, name of great festival at the Syrian Hierapolis, i. 146

Pythian games, their period, ii. 242n. 1

Python worshipped by the Baganda, i. 86

—— -god, human wives of the, i. 66

[pg 308]

Pythons worshipped in West Africa, i. 83 n. 1;

dead chiefs reincarnated in, ii. 193

“Quail-hunt,” legend on coins of Tarsus, i. 126 n. 2

Quails sacrificed to Hercules (Melcarth), i. 111 sq.;

migration of, 112

Quatuordecimans of Phrygia celebrate the Crucifixion on March 25th, i. 307 n.

Queen of Egypt the wife of Ammon, i. 72

—— of Heaven, i. 303 n. 5;

incense burnt in honour of the, 228

Queensland, aborigines of, their beliefs as to the birth of children, i. 102 sq.

Quirinus and Hora, ii. 233

Ra, the Egyptian sun-god, ii. 6, 8, 12;

identified with many originally independent local deities, 122sqq.

Rabbah, captured by David, i. 19

Rabbis, burnings for dead Jewish, i. 178 sq.

Rain procured by bones of the dead, i. 22;

excessive, ascribed to wrath of God, 22 sq.;

instrumental in rebirth of dead infants, 95;

regarded as the tears of gods, ii. 33;

thought to be controlled by the souls of dead chiefs, 188

—— -charm in rites of Adonis, i. 237;

by throwing water on the last corn cut, 237 sq.

—— -god represented with tears running from his eyes, ii. 33n. 3

Rainbow totem, i. 101

Rainless summer on the Mediterranean, i. 159 sq.

Rajaraja, king, i. 61

Rajputana, gardens of Adonis in, i. 241 sq.

Rambree, sorcerers dressed as women in the island of, ii. 254

Rameses II., his treaty with the Hittites, i. 135 sq.;

his order to the Nile, ii. 33

Ramman, Babylonian and Assyrian god of thunder, i. 163 sq.

Rams, testicles of, in the rites of Attis, i. 269

Ramsay, Sir W. M., on rock-hewn sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, i. 134 n. 1, 137 n. 4;

on priest-dynasts of Asia Minor, 140 n. 2;

on the god Tark, 147 n. 3;

on the name Olba, 148 n. 1;

on Hierapolis and Hieropolis, 168 n. 2;

on Attis and Men, 284 n. 5;

on cruel death of the human representative of a god in Phrygia, 285 sq.

Raoul-Rochette on Asiatic deities with lions, i. 138 n.;

on the burning of doves to Adonis, 147 n. 1;

on apotheosis by death in the fire, 180 n. 1

Ratumaimbulu, Fijian god of fruit-trees, i. 90

Readjustment of Egyptian festivals, ii. 91sqq.

Reapers, Egyptian, their lamentations, i. 232, ii. 45;

invoke Isis, 117

Rebirth of infants, means taken to ensure the, i. 91, 93 sqq.;

of the dead, precautions taken to prevent, 92 sq.;

of Egyptian kings at the Sed festival, ii. 153, 155sq.

Red the colour of Lower Egypt, ii. 21n. 1

—— -haired men burnt by Egyptians, ii. 97, 106

Reform, the prophetic, in Israel, i. 24 sq.

Reformations of Hezekiah and Josiah, i. 25

Rehoboam, King, his family, i. 51 n. 2

Reincarnation of the dead, i. 82 sqq.;

in America, 91;

in Australia, 99 sqq.

Rekub-el, Syrian god, i. 16

Relations, spirits of near dead, worshipped, i. 175, 176;

at death become gods, ii. 180

Religion, volcanic, i. 188 sqq.;

how influenced by mother-kin, ii. 202sqq.

—— and magic, combination of, i. 4;

and music, 53 sq.

Religious ideals a product of the male imagination, ii. 211

—— systems, great permanent, founded by great men, ii. 159sq.

Remission of sins through the shedding of blood, i. 299

Remus, the birth of, ii. 235

Renan, E., on Tammuz and Adonis, i. 6 n. 1;

his excavations at Byblus, 14 n. 1;

on Adom-melech, 17;

on the vale of the Adonis, 29 n.;

on the burnings for the kings of Judah, 178 n. 1;

on the discoloration of the river Adonis, 225 n. 4;

on the worship of Adonis, 235

Renouf, Sir P. le Page, on Osiris as the sun, ii. 126

Resemblance of the rites of Adonis to the festival of Easter, i. 254 sqq., 306

Resemblances of paganism to Christianity explained as diabolic counterfeits, i. 302, 309 sq.

Reshef, Semitic god, i. 16 n. 1

Resurrection of the dead conceived on the pattern of the resurrection of Osiris, ii. 15sq.

—— of Attis at the vernal equinox, i. 272 sq., 307 sq.

—— of Hercules (Melcarth), i. 111 sq.

—— of Osiris dramatically represented in his rites, ii. 85;

depicted on the [pg 309] monuments, 89sq.;

date of its celebration at Rome, 95n. 1;

symbolized by the setting up of the ded pillar, 109

Resurrection of Tylon, i. 186 sq.

Rhine, bathing in the, on St. John's Eve, i. 248

Rhodes described by Strabo, i. 195 n. 3;

worship of Helen in, 292

Rhodesia, Northern, the Bantu tribes of, their worship of ancestral spirits, ii. 174sqq.;

their worship of dead chiefs or kings, 191sqq.

Rhodians, the Venetians of antiquity, i. 195

Rice, the soul of the, in the first sheaf cut, ii. 239

Ridgeway, Professor W., on the marriage of brothers with sisters, ii. 216n. 1

Rites of irrigation in Egypt, ii. 33sqq.;

of sowing, 40sqq.;

of harvest, 45sqq.

Ritual, children of living parents in, ii. 236sqq.;

of the Bechuanas at founding a new town, 249

—— of Adonis, i. 223 sqq.

Rivers as the seat of worship of deities, i. 160;

bathing in, at Midsummer, 246, 248, 249;

gods worshipped beside, 289

Rivers, Dr. W. H. R., as to Melanesian theory of conception in women, i. 97 sq.;

on the sacred dairyman of the Todas, ii. 228

Rizpah and her sons, i. 22

Robinson, Edward, on the vale of the Adonis, i. 29 n.

Roccacaramanico, in the Abruzzi, Easter ceremonies at, i. 256 n. 2

Rock-hewn sculptures at Ibreez, i. 121 sq.;

at Boghaz-Keui, 129 sqq.

Rockhill, W. Woodville, on dance of eunuchs in Corea, i. 270 n. 2

Rohde, E., on purification by blood, i. 299 n. 2;

on Hyacinth, 315

Roman deities called “Father” and “Mother,” ii. 233sqq.

—— emperor, funeral pyre of, i. 126 sq.

—— expiation for prodigies, ii. 244

—— financial oppression, i. 301 n. 2

—— genius symbolized by a serpent, i. 86

—— gods, the marriage of the, ii. 230sqq.;

compared to Greek gods, 235

—— law, revival of, i. 301

—— marriage custom, ii. 245

—— mythology, fragments of, ii. 235, with n. 6

Romans adopt the worship of the Phrygian Mother of the Gods, i. 265;

correct the vague Egyptian year by intercalation, ii. 27sq.

Rome, high-priest of Cybele at, i. 285;

the celebration of the resurrection of Osiris at, ii. 95n. 1

Romulus cut in pieces, ii. 98;

the birth of, 235

Roper River, in Australia, i. 101

Roscoe, Rev. John, on serpent-worship, i. 86 n. 1;

on the rebirth of the dead, 92 sq.;

on potters in Uganda, ii. 135;

on the religion of the Bahima, 190sq.;

on the worship of the dead among the Baganda, 196;

on Mukasa, the chief god of the Baganda, 196sq.;

on massacres for sick kings of Uganda, 226

Rose, the white, dyed red by the blood of Aphrodite, i. 226

Rosetta stone, the inscription, ii. 27, 152n.

Roth, W. E., on belief in conception without sexual intercourse, i. 103 n. 2

Rotomahana in New Zealand, pink terraces at, i. 207, 209 n.

Rugaba, supreme god in Kiziba, ii. 173

Rules of life based on a theory of lunar influence, ii. 132sqq., 140sqq.

Rumina, a Roman goddess, ii. 231

Runes, how Odin learned the magic, i. 290

Russia, annual festivals of the dead in, ii. 75sqq.

Russian Midsummer custom, i. 250 sq.

Rustic Calendars, the Roman, ii. 95n. 1

Sabazius, mysteries of, i. 90 n. 4

Sacrament in the rites of Attis, i. 274 sq.

Sacred harlots in Asia Minor, i. 141

—— marriage of priest and priestess as representing god and goddess, i. 46 sqq.;

represented in the rock-hewn sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, 140;

in Cos, ii. 259n. 4

“—— men” (kedeshim), at Jerusalem, i. 17 sq.;

and women, 57 sqq.;

in West Africa, 65 sqq.;

in Western Asia, 72 sqq.;

at Andania, 76 n. 3

—— prostitution, i. 36 sqq.;

suggested origin of, 39 sqq.;

in Western Asia, alternative theory of, 55 sqq.;

in India, 61 sqq.;

in West Africa, 65 sqq.

—— slaves, i. 73, 79

—— stocks and stones among the Semites, i. 107 sqq.

—— women in India, i. 61 sqq.;

in West Africa, 65 sqq.;

in Western Asia, 70 sqq.;

at Andania, 76 n. 3

Sacrifice of virginity, i. 60;

of virility in the rites of Attis and Astarte, 268 sq., 270 sq.;

other cases of, 270 n. 2;

nutritive and vicarious types of, ii. 226

Sacrifices to earthquake god, i. 201, 202;

to volcanoes, 218 sqq.;

to the dead distinguished from sacrifices to [pg 310] the gods, 316 n. 1;

offered at the rising of Sirius, ii. 36n.;

offered in connexion with irrigation, 38sq.;

to dead kings, 101, 162, 166sq.;

to ancestral spirits, 175, 178sq., 180, 181sq., 183sq., 190;

of animals to prolong the life of kings, 221;

without shedding of blood, 222n. 2

Sacrifices, human, offered at earthquakes, i. 201;

offered to Dionysus, ii. 98sq.;

at the graves of the kings of Uganda, 168;

to dead kings, 173;

to dead chiefs, 191;

to prolong the life of kings, 220sq., 223sqq.

Sadyattes, son of Cadys, viceroy of Lydia, i. 183

Saffron at the Corycian cave, i. 154, 187

Sago, magic for the growth of, ii. 101

Sahagun, B. de, on the ancient Mexican calendar, ii. 28n.

St. Denys, his seven heads, ii. 12

St. George in Syria, reputed to bestow offspring on women, i. 78, 79, 90;

festival of, and the Parilia, 308, 309

St. John, Sweethearts of, in Sardinia, i. 244 sq.

St. John, Spenser, on reasons for head-hunting in Sarawak, i. 296

St. John's Day or Eve (Midsummer Day or Eve), custom of bathing on, i. 246 sqq.

—— Midsummer festival in Sardinia, i. 244 sq.

—— wort gathered at Midsummer, i. 252 sq.

St. Kilda, All Saints' Day in, ii. 80

St. Luke, the festival of, on October 18th, ii. 55

Saint-Maries, Midsummer custom at, i. 248

S. Martinus Dumiensis, on the date of the Crucifixion in Gaul, i. 307 n.

St. Michael in Alaska, ii. 51

St. Simon and St. Jude's day, October 28th, ii. 74

St. Vitus, festival of, i. 252

Saintonge, feast of All Souls in, ii. 69

Saints as the givers of children to women, i. 78 sq., 91, 109

Sais, the festival of, ii. 49sqq.

Sakkara, pyramids at, ii. 4

Sal tree, festival of the flower of the, i. 47

Salacia and Neptune, ii. 231, 233

Salamis in Cyprus, human sacrifices at, i. 145;

dynasty of Teucrids at, 145

Salem, Melchizedek, king of, i. 17

Salii, priests of Mars, rule as to their election, ii. 244

Salono, a Hindoo festival, i. 243 n. 1

Salvation of the individual soul, importance attached to, in Oriental religions, i. 300

Samagitians, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 75

Samal, in North-Western Syria, i. 16

Samaria, the fall of, i. 25

Samoa, conduct of the inhabitants in an earthquake, i. 200

Samuel consulted about asses, i. 75;

meaning of the name, 79

—— and Saul, i. 22

San Juan Capistrano, the Indians of, their ceremony at the new moon, ii. 142

Sanda-Sarme, a Cilician king, i. 144

Sandacus, a Syrian, i. 41

Sandan of Tarsus, i. 124 sqq.;

the burning of, 117 sqq., 126;

identified with Hercules, 125, 143, 161;

monument of, at Tarsus, 126 n. 2

—— (Sandon, Sandes), Cappadocian and Cilician god of fertility, i. 125

—— and Baal at Tarsus, i. 142 sq., 161

Sandon, or Sandan, name of the Lydian and Cilician Hercules, i. 182, 184, 185;

a Cilician name, 182

Sandu'arri, a Cilician king, i. 144

Santa Felicita, successor of Mefitis, i. 205

Santiago Tepehuacan, Indians of, their custom at sowing, i. 239;

their annual festival of the dead, ii. 55

Santorin, island of, its volcanic activity, i. 195

Sappho on the mourning for Adonis, i. 6 n. 2

Saracus, last king of Assyria, i. 174

Sarawak, head-hunting in, i. 295 sq.

Sardanapalus, monument of, at Tarsus, i. 126 n. 2;

his monument at Anchiale, 172;

the burning of, 172 sqq.;

the effeminate, ii. 257

—— and Hercules, i. 172 sqq.

Sardes, captured by Cyrus, i. 174;

lion carried round acropolis of, i. 184, ii. 249

Sardinia, gardens of Adonis in, i. 244 sq.

Sargal, in India, gardens of Adonis at, i. 243

Sarpedonian Artemis, i. 167, 171

Sasabonsun, earthquake god of Ashantee, i. 201

Saturn, the husband of Ops, ii. 233

—— and Lua, ii. 233

Saturn's period of revolution round the sun, ii. 151sq.

Saturnine temperament of the farmer, ii. 218

Sauks, an Indian tribe of North America, effeminate sorcerers among the, ii. 255

[pg 311]

Saul, burial of, i. 177 n. 4

—— and David, i. 21

Saul's madness soothed by music, i. 53, 54

Savages lament for the animals and plants which they eat, ii. 43sq.

Sâwan, Indian month, i. 242

Saxons of Transylvania, harvest custom of the, i. 238

Sayce, A. H., on kings of Edom, i. 16;

on name of David, 19 n. 2

Schäfer, H., on the tomb of Osiris at Abydos, ii. 198n. 1

Schlanow, in Brandenburg, custom at sowing at, i. 238 sq.

Schloss, Mr. Francis S., on the rule as to the felling of timber in Colombia, ii. 136n. 4

Schwegler, A., on the death of Romulus, ii. 98n. 2

Scipio, his fabulous birth, i. 81

Scorpions, Isis and the, ii. 8

Scotland, harvest custom in, i. 237

Scottish Highlanders on the influence of the moon, ii. 132, 134, 140

Scythian king, human beings and horses sacrificed at his grave, i. 293

Scythians, their belief in immortality, i. 294;

their treatment of dead enemies, 294 n. 3

Sea, custom of bathing in the, on St. John's Day or Eve, i. 246, 248

—— Dyaks or Ibans of Borneo, their worship of serpents, i. 83;

their festivals of the dead, ii. 56sq.;

effeminate priests or sorcerers among the, 253, 256

—— Dyaks of Sarawak, their reasons for taking human heads, i. 295 sq.

Season of festival a clue to the nature of a deity, ii. 24

Seasons, magical and religious theories of the, i. 3 sq.

Seb (Keb or Geb), Egyptian earth-god, i. 283 n. 3, ii. 6

Secret graves of kings, chiefs, and magicians, ii. 103sqq.

Sed festival in Egypt, ii. 151sqq.;

its date perhaps connected with the heliacal rising of Sirius, 152sq.;

apparently intended to renew the king's life by identifying him with the dead and risen Osiris, 153sq.

Segera, a sago magician of Kiwai, dismembered after death, ii. 101, 102

Seker (Sokari), title of Osiris, ii. 87

Seler, Professor E., on the ancient Mexican calendar, ii. 28n.

Seleucus, a grammarian, i. 146 n. 1

—— Nicator, king, i. 151

—— the Theologian, i. 146 n. 1

Self-mutilation of Attis and his priests, i. 265

Seligmann, Dr. C. G., on the five supplementary Egyptian days, ii. 6n. 3;

on the divinity of Shilluk kings, 161n. 2;

on custom of putting Shilluk kings to death, 163

Selwanga, python-god of Baganda, i. 86

Semiramis at Hierapolis, i. 162 n. 2;

as a form of Ishtar (Astarte), 176 sq.;

said to have burnt herself, 176 sq.;

the mythical, a form of the great Asiatic goddess, ii. 258

Semites, agricultural, worship Baal as the giver of fertility, i. 26 sq.;

sacred stocks and stones among the, 107 sqq.;

traces of mother-kin among the, ii. 213

Semitic gods, uniformity of their type, i. 119

—— kings, the divinity of, i. 15 sqq.;

as hereditary deities, 51

—— language, Egyptian language akin to the, ii. 161n. 1

—— personal names indicating relationship to a deity, i. 51

—— worship of Tammuz and Adonis, i. 6 sqq.

Semlicka, festival of the dead among the Letts, ii. 74

Seneca, on the offerings of Egyptian priests to the Nile, ii. 40;

on the marriage of the Roman gods, 231;

on Salacia as the wife of Neptune, 233

Senegal and Niger region of West Africa, belief as to conception without sexual intercourse in, i. 93 n. 2;

myth of marriage of Sky and Earth in the, 282 n. 2

Senegambia, the Mandingoes of, ii. 141

Sennacherib, his siege of Jerusalem, i. 25;

said to have built Tarsus, 173 n. 4

Separation of Earth and Sky, myth of the, i. 283

Serapeum at Alexandria, ii. 119n.;

its destruction, 217

Serapis, the later form of Osiris, ii. 119n.;

the rise of the Nile attributed to, 216sq.;

the standard cubit kept in his temple, 217

Serpent as the giver of children, i. 86;

at rites of initiation, 90 n. 4

—— -god married to human wives, i. 66 sqq.;

thought to control the crops, 67

Serpents reputed the fathers of human beings, i. 80 sqq.;

as embodiments of Aesculapius, 80 sq.;

worshipped in Mysore, 81 sq.;

as reincarnations of the dead, 82 sqq.;

fed with milk, 84 sqq., 87;

thought to have knowledge [pg 312] of life-giving plants, 186;

souls of dead kings incarnate in, ii. 163, 173

Servius, on the death of Attis, i. 264 n. 4;

on the marriage of Orcus, ii. 231;

on Salacia as the wife of Neptune, 233

—— Tullius, begotten by the fire-god, ii. 235

Sesostris, so-called monument of, i. 185

Set, or Typhon, brother of Osiris, ii. 6;

murders Osiris, 7sq.;

accuses Osiris before the gods, 17;

brings a suit of bastardy against Horus, 17;

his combat with Horus, 17;

reigns over Upper Egypt, 17;

torn in pieces, 98.

See also Typhon

Sety I., King of Egypt, ii. 108

Shamash, Babylonian sun-god, his human wives, i. 71

—— Semitic god, i. 16 n. 1

Shamashshumukin, King of Babylon, burns himself, i. 173 sq., 176

Shammuramat, Assyrian queen, i. 177 n. 1

Shans of Burma, their theory of earthquakes, i. 198;

cut bamboos for building in the wane of the moon, ii. 136

Shark-shaped hero, i. 139 n. 1

Sheaf, the first cut, ii. 239

Sheep to be shorn when the moon is waxing, ii. 134;

to be shorn in the waning of the moon, 134n. 3

Sheitan dere, the Devil's Glen, in Cilicia, i. 150

Shenty, Egyptian cow-goddess, ii. 88

Shifting dates of Egyptian festivals, ii. 24sq.

Shilluk kings put to death before their strength fails, ii. 163

Shilluks, their worship of dead kings, ii. 161sq.;

their worship of Nyakang, the first of the Shilluk kings, 162sqq.

Shoulders of medicine-men especially sensitive, i. 74 n. 4

Shouting as a means of stopping earthquakes, i. 197 sqq.

Shropshire, feast of All Souls in, ii. 78

Shu, Egyptian god of light, i. 283 n. 3

Shuswap Indians of British Columbia eat nutlets of pines, i. 278 n. 2

Siam, catafalque burnt at funeral of king of, i. 179;

annual festival of the dead in, ii. 65

Siao, children sacrificed to volcano in, i. 219

Sibitti-baal, king of Byblus, i. 14

Sibyl, the Grotto of the, at Marsala, i. 247

Sibylline Books, i. 265

Sicily, Syrian prophet in, i. 74;

fossil bones in, 157;

hot springs in, 213;

gardens of Adonis in, 245, 253 sq.;

divination at Midsummer in, 254;

Good Friday ceremonies in, 255 sq.

Sick people resort to cave of Pluto, i. 205 sq.

Sicyon, shrine of Aesculapius at, i. 81

Sidon, kings of, as priests of Astarte, i. 26

Siem, king, among the Khasis of Assam, ii. 210n. 1

Sigai, hero in form of shark, i. 139 n. 1

Sihanaka, the, of Madagascar, funeral custom of the, ii. 246

Sinai, “Mistress of Turquoise” at, i. 35

Sinews of sacrificial ox cut, ii. 252

Sins, the remission of, through the shedding of blood, i. 299

Sinsharishkun, last king of Assyria, i. 174

Sipylus, Mother Plastene on Mount, i. 185

Siriac or Sothic period, ii. 36

Sirius (the Dog-star), observed by Egyptian astronomers, ii. 27;

called Sothis by the Egyptians, 34;

date of its rising in ancient Egypt, 34;

heliacal rising of, on July 20th, 34n. 1, 93;

its rising marked the beginning of the sacred Egyptian year, 35;

its rising observed in Ceos, 35n. 1;

sacrifices offered at its rising on the top of Mount Pelion, 36n.

—— the star of Isis, ii. 34, 119;

in connexion with the Sed festival, 152sq.

Sis in Cilicia, i. 144

Sister of a god, i. 51

Sisters, kings marry their, i. 316

Sizu in Cilicia, i. 144

Skin, bathing in dew at Midsummer as remedy for diseases of the, i. 247, 248;

of ox stuffed and set up, 296 sq.;

body of Egyptian dead placed in a bull's, ii. 15n. 2;

of sacrificial victim used in the rite of the new birth, 155sq.

Skinner, Principal J., on the burnt sacrifice of children, ii. 219

Skins of human victims, uses made of, i. 293;

of horses stuffed and set up at graves, 293, 294

Skull, drinking out of a king's, in order to be inspired by his spirit, ii. 171

Sky conceived by the Egyptians as a cow, i. 283 n. 3

—— and earth, myth of their violent separation, i. 283

—— -god, Attis as a, i. 282 sqq.;

married to Earth-goddess, 282, with n. 2;

mutilation of the, 283

Slaughter of prisoners often a sacrifice to the gods, i. 290 n. 2

Slave Coast of West Africa, sacred men and women on the, i. 65, 68;

Ewe-speaking peoples of the, 83 n. 1

Slaves, sacred, in Western Asia, i. 39 n. 1

[pg 313]

Slaying of the Dragon by Apollo at Delphi, ii. 240sq.

Sleep of the god in winter, ii. 41

Smell, evil, used to avert demons, ii. 261

Smeroe, Mount, volcano in Java, i. 221

Smith, George Adam, on fertility of Bethlehem, i. 257 n. 3

Smith, W. Robertson, on the date of the month Tammuz, i. 10 n. 1;

on anointing as consecration, 21 n. 3;

on Baal as god of fertility, 26 sq.;

on caves in Semitic religion, 169 n. 3;

on Tophet, 177 n. 4;

on the predominance of goddesses over gods in early Semitic religion, ii. 213;

on the sacrifice of children to Moloch, 220n. 1

Smoking as a mode of inducing inspiration, ii. 172

Snake-entwined goddess found at Gournia, i. 88

Snakes as fathers of human beings, i. 82;

fed with milk, 84 sqq.

See also Serpents

Snorri Sturluson, on the dismemberment of Halfdan the Black, ii. 100

Sobk, a crocodile-shaped Egyptian god, identified with the sun, ii. 123

Sochit or Sochet, epithet of Isis, ii. 117

Society, ancient, built on the principle of the subordination of the individual to the community, i. 300

Socrates (church historian) on sacred prostitution, i. 37 n. 2

Söderblom, N., on an attempted reform of the old Iranian religion, ii. 83n. 2

Sodom and Gomorrah, the destruction of, i. 222 n. 1

Soerakarta, district of Java, conduct of natives in an earthquake, i. 202 n. 1

Sokari (Seker), a title of Osiris, ii. 87

Sol invictus, i. 304 n. 1

Solanum campylanthum, ii. 47

Solomon, King, puts Adoni-jah to death, i. 51 n. 2

——, the Baths of, i. 78;

in Moab, 215 sq.

Solstice, the summer, the Nile rises at the, ii. 31n. 1, 33

——, the winter, reckoned the Nativity of the Sun, i. 303;

Egyptian ceremony at, ii. 50

Somali, marriage custom of the, ii. 246, 247

Son of a god, i. 51

Sons of God, i. 78 sqq.

Sophocles on the burning of Hercules, i. 111

Sorcerers or priests, order of effeminate, ii. 253sqq.

Sorrowful One, the vaults of the, ii. 41

Sothic or Siriac period, ii. 36

Sothis, Egyptian name for the star Sirius, ii. 34.

See Sirius

Soul of a tree in a bird, ii. 111n. 1;

of the rice in the first sheaf cut, 239

“—— of Osiris,” a bird, ii. 110

—— -cakes eaten at the feast of All Souls in Europe, ii. 70, 71sq., 73, 78sqq.

“Souling,” custom of, on All Souls' Day in England, ii. 79

“—— Day” in Shropshire, ii. 78

Souls of the dead, reincarnation of the, i. 91 sqq.;

brought back among the Gonds, 95 sq.

——, feasts of All, ii. 51sqq.

South Slavs, devices of women to obtain offspring, i. 96;

marriage customs of, ii. 246

Sowers and ploughmen drenched with water as a rain-charm, i. 238 sq.

Sowing, Prussian custom at, i. 238 sq.;

rites of, ii. 40sqq.

—— and ploughing, ceremony of, in the rites of Osiris, ii. 87, 90, 96;

and planting, regulated by the phases of the moon, 133sqq.

Sozomenus, church historian, on sacred prostitution, i. 37

Spain, bathing on St. John's Eve in, i. 248

Sparta destroyed by an earthquake, i. 196 n. 4

Spartans, their attempt to stop an earthquake, i. 196

—— their flute-band, i. 196

—— their uniform red, i. 196

—— at Thermopylae, i. 197 n. 1

—— their regard for the full moon, ii. 141

—— their brides dressed as men on the wedding night, ii. 260

Spencer, Baldwin, on reincarnation of the dead, i. 100 n. 3

Spencer, B., and Gillen, F. J., on Australian belief in conception without sexual intercourse, i. 99

Spermus, king of Lydia, i. 183

Spieth, J., on the Ewe peoples, i. 70 n. 2

Spirit animals supposed to enter women and be born from them, i. 97 sq.

—— -children left by ancestors, i. 100 sq.

Spirits supposed to consort with women, i. 91;

of ancestors in the form of animals, 83;

of forefathers thought to dwell in rivers, ii. 38

—— of dead chiefs worshipped by the whole tribe, ii. 175, 176, 177, 179, 181sq., 187;

thought to control the rain, 188;

prophesy through living men and women, 192sq.;

reincarnated in animals, 193.

See also Ancestral spirits

Spring called Persephone, ii. 41

[pg 314]

Springs, worship of hot, i. 206 sqq.;

bathing in, at Midsummer, 246, 247, 248, 249

Staffordshire, All Souls' Day in, ii. 79

Standard, Egyptian, resembling a placenta, ii. 156n. 1

Stanikas, male children of sacred prostitutes, i. 63

Star of Bethlehem, i. 259

—— of Salvation, i. 258

—— -spangled cap of Attis, i. 284

Steinn in Hringariki, barrow of Halfdan at, ii. 100

Stella Maris, an epithet of the Virgin Mary, ii. 119

Stengel, P., on sacrificial ritual of Eleusis, i. 292 n. 3

Stlatlum Indians of British Columbia respect the animals and plants which they eat, ii. 44

Stocks, sacred, among the Semites, i. 107 sqq.

Stones, holed, custom of passing through, i. 36;

to commemorate the dead, ii. 203

——, sacred, anointed, i. 36;

among the Semites, 107 sqq.;

among the Khasis, 108 n. 1

Strabo, on the concubines of Ammon, i. 72;

on Albanian moon-god, 73 n. 4;

on Castabala, 168 n. 6;

his description of the Burnt Land of Lydia, 193;

on the frequency of earthquakes at Philadelphia, 195;

his description of Rhodes, 195 n. 3;

on Nysa, 206 n. 1;

on the priests of Pessinus, 286

Stratonicea in Caria, eunuch priest at, i. 270 n. 2;

rule as to the pollution of death at, ii. 227sq.

String music in religion, i. 54

Su-Mu, a tribe of Southern China, said to be governed by a woman, ii. 211n. 2

Subordination of the individual to the community, the principle of ancient society, i. 300

Substitutes for human sacrifices, i. 146 sq., 219 sq., 285, 289, ii. 99, 221

Succession to the crown under mother-kin (female kinship), i. 44, ii. 18, 210n. 1

Sudan, the negroes of, their regard for the phases of the moon, ii. 141

Sudanese, their conduct in an earthquake, i. 198

Suffetes of Carthage, i. 116

Sugar-bag totem, i. 101

Suicides, custom observed at graves of, i. 93;

ghosts of, feared, 292 n. 3

Suk, their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, i. 82, 85

Sulla at Aedepsus, i. 212

Sumatra, the Bataks of, i. 199, ii. 239;

the Loeboes of, 264

Sumba, East Indian island, annual festival of the New Year and of the dead in, ii. 55sq.

Sumerians, their origin and civilization, i. 7 sq.

Summer on the Mediterranean rainless, i. 159 sq.

—— called Aphrodite, ii. 41

—— festival of Adonis, i. 226, 232 n.

Sun, temple of the, at Baalbec, i. 163;

Adonis interpreted as the, 228;

the Nativity of the, at the winter solstice, 303 sqq.;

Osiris interpreted as the, ii. 120sqq.;

called “the eye of Horus,” 121;

worshipped in Egypt, 122, 123sqq.;

the power of regeneration ascribed to the, 143n. 4;

salutations to the rising, 193

—— and earth, annual marriage of, i. 47 sq.

—— -god annually married to Earth-goddess, i. 47 sq.;

the Egyptian, ii. 123sqq.;

hymns to the, 123sq.

—— -goddess of the Hittites, i. 133 n.

—— the Unconquered, Mithra identified with, i. 304

Superiority of the goddess in the myths of Adonis, Attis, Osiris, ii. 201sq.;

of goddesses over gods in societies organized on mother-kin, 202sqq.;

legal, of women over men in ancient Egypt, 214

Supplementary days, five, in the Egyptian year, ii. 6;

in the ancient Mexican year, 28n. 3;

in the old Iranian year, 67, 68

Supreme gods in Africa, ii. 165, 173sq., 174, 186, with note 5, 187n. 1, 188sq., 190

Swastika, i. 122 n. 1

Sweden, May-pole or Midsummer-tree in, i. 250;

Midsummer bride and bridegroom in, 251;

kings of, answerable for the fertility of the ground, ii. 220;

marriage custom in, to ensure the birth of a boy, 262

“Sweethearts of St. John” in Sardinia, i. 244 sq.

Swine not eaten by people of Pessinus, i. 265;

not eaten by worshippers of Adonis, 265;

not allowed to enter Comana in Pontus, 265.

See also Pigs

Sword, girls married to a, i. 61

Sycamore, effigy of Osiris placed on boughs of, ii. 88, 110;

sacred to Osiris, 110

Syene (Assuan), inscriptions at, ii. 35n. 1

Symbolism, coarse, of Osiris and Dionysus, ii. 112, 113

[pg 315]

Symmachus, on the festival of the Great Mother, i. 298

Syracuse, the Blue Spring at, i. 213 n. 1

Syria, Adonis in, i. 13 sqq.;

“holy men” in, 77 sq.;

hot springs resorted to by childless women in, 213 sqq.;

subject to earthquakes, 222 n. 1;

the Nativity of the Sun at the winter solstice in, 303;

turning money at the new moon in, ii. 149

Syrian god Hadad, i. 15

—— peasants believe that women can conceive without sexual intercourse, i. 91

—— women apply to saints for offspring, i. 109

—— writer on the reasons for assigning Christmas to the twenty-fifth of December, i. 304 sq.

Tâ-uz (Tammuz), mourned by Syrian women in Harran, i. 230

Taanach, burial of children in jars at, i. 109 n. 1

Tacitus as to German observation of the moon, ii. 141

Taenarum in Laconia, Poseidon worshipped at, i. 203 n. 2

Talaga Bodas, volcano in Java, i. 204

Talbot, P. Amaury, on self-mutilation, i. 270 n. 1

Talismans, crowns and wreaths as, ii. 242sq.

Tamarisk, sacred to Osiris, ii. 110sq.

Tami, the, of German New Guinea, their theory of earthquakes, i. 198

Tamil temples, dancing-girls in, i. 61

Tamirads, diviners, i. 42

Tammuz, i. 6 sqq.;

equivalent to Adonis, 6 n. 1;

his worship of Sumerian origin, 7 sq.;

meaning of the name, 8;

“true son of the deep water,” 8, 246;

laments for, 9 sq.;

the month of, 10 n. 1, 230;

mourned for at Jerusalem, 11, 17, 20;

as a corn-spirit, 230;

his bones ground in a mill and scattered to the wind, 230

—— and Ishtar, i. 8 sq.

Tangkul Nagas of Assam, their annual festival of the dead, ii. 57sqq.

Tanjore, dancing-girls at, i. 61

Tantalus murders his son Pelops, i. 181

Tark, Tarku, Trok, Troku, syllables in names of Cilician priests, i. 144;

perhaps the name of a Hittite deity, 147;

perhaps the name of the god of Olba, 148, 165

Tarkimos, priest of Corycian Zeus, i. 145

Tarkondimotos, name of two Cilician kings, i. 145 n. 2

Tarkuaris, priest of Corycian Zeus, i. 145;

priestly king of Olba, 145

Tarkudimme or Tarkuwassimi, name on Hittite seal, i. 145 n. 2

Tarkumbios, priest of Corycian Zeus, i. 145

Tarsus, climate and fertility of, i. 118;

school of philosophy at, 118;

Sandan and Baal at, 142 sq., 161;

priesthood of Hercules at, 143;

Fortune of the City on coins of, 164;

divine triad at, 171

——, the Baal of, i. 117 sqq., 162 sq.

——, Sandan of, i. 124 sqq.

Tat or tatu pillar. See Ded pillar

Tate, H. R., on serpent-worship, i. 85

Tattoo-marks of priests, i. 74 n. 4

Taurians of the Crimea, their use of the heads of prisoners, i. 294

Taurobolium in the rites of Cybele, i. 274 sqq.;

or Tauropolium, 275 n. 1

Taurus mountains, i. 120

Tears of Isis thought to swell the Nile, ii. 33;

rain thought to be the tears of gods, 33

Tegea, tombstones at, i. 87

Telamon, father of Teucer, i. 145

Tell-el-Amarna letters, i. 16 n. 5, 21 n. 2, 135 n.;

the new capital of King Amenophis IV., ii. 123n. 1, 124, 125

Tell Ta'annek (Taanach), burial of children in jars at, i. 109 n. 1

Tempe, the Vale of, ii. 240

Temple-tombs of kings, ii. 161sq., 167sq., 170sqq., 174, 194sq.

Temples of dead kings, ii. 161sq., 167sq., 170sqq., 194sq.

Tenggereese of Java sacrifice to volcano, i. 220

Tentyra (Denderah), temple of Osiris at, ii. 86

Ternate, the sultan of, his sacrifice of human victims to a volcano, i. 220

Tertullian on the fasts of Isis and Cybele, i. 302 n. 4;

on the date of the Crucifixion, 306 n. 5

Teshub or Teshup, name of Hittite god, i. 135 n., 148 n.

Teso, the, of Central Africa, medicine-men dressed as women among the, ii. 257

Testicles of rams in the rites of Attis, i. 269 n.;

of bull used in rites of Cybele and Attis, 276

Têt, New Year festival in Annam, ii. 62

Tet pillar. See Ded pillar

Teti, king of Egypt, ii. 5

Teucer, said to have instituted human sacrifice, i. 146

—— and Ajax, names of priestly kings of Olba, i. 144 sq., 148, 161

[pg 316]

Teucer, son of Tarkuaris, priestly king of Olba, i. 151, 157

——, son of Telamon, founds Salamis in Cyprus, i. 145

——, son of Zenophanes, high-priest of Olbian Zeus, i. 151

Teucrids, dynasty at Salamis in Cyprus, i. 145

Teutonic year reckoned from October 1st, ii. 81

Thargelion, an Attic month, ii. 239n. 1

Theal, G. McCall, on the worship of ancestors among the Bantus, ii. 176sq.

Theban priests, their determination of the solar year, ii. 26

Thebes in Boeotia, stone lion at, i. 184 n. 3;

festival of the Laurel-bearing at, ii. 241

—— in Egypt, temple of Ammon at, i. 72;

the Memnonium at, ii. 35 n.;

the Valley of the Kings at, 90

Theias, a Syrian king, i. 43 n. 4;

father of Adonis, 55 n. 4

Theism late in human history, ii. 41

Theocracy in the Pelew Islands, tendency to, ii. 208

Theopompus on the names of the seasons, ii. 41

Thera, worship of the Mother of the Gods in, i. 280 n. 1

Thermopylae, the Spartans at, i. 197 n. 1;

the hot springs of, 210 sqq.

Thesmophoria, i. 43 n. 4;

sacrifice to serpents at the, 88;

pine-cones at the, 278;

fast of the women at the, ii. 40sq.

Thetis and her infant son, i. 180

Thirty years, the Sed festival held nominally at intervals of, ii. 151

Thonga, Bantu tribe of South Africa, their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, i. 82;

their presentation of infants to the moon, ii. 144sq.;

worship of the dead among the, 180sq.

—— chiefs buried secretly, ii. 104sq.

Thongs, legends as to new settlements enclosed by, ii. 249sq.

Thoth, Egyptian god of wisdom, ii. 7, 17;

teaches Isis a spell to restore the dead to life, 8;

restores the eye of Horus, 17

Thoth, the first month of the Egyptian year, ii. 36, 93sqq.

Thracian villages, custom at Carnival in, ii. 99sq.

Threshing corn by oxen, ii. 45

Threshold, burial of infants under the, i. 93 sq.

Thucydides on military music, i. 196 n. 3;

on the sailing of the fleet for Syracuse, 226 n. 4

Θύειν distinguished from ἐναγίζειν, i. 316 n. 1

Thunder and lightning, sacrifices to, i. 157;

the Syrian, Assyrian, Babylonian, and Hittite god of, 163 sq.

—— -god of the Hittites, with a bull and an axe as his emblems, i. 134 sqq.

—— totem, i. 101

Thunderbolt, as emblem of Hittite god, i. 134, 136;

as divine emblem, 163

—— and ears of corn, emblem of god Hadad, i. 163

Thurston, Edgar, on dancing-girls in India, i. 62

Thyatira, hero Tyrimnus at, i. 183 n.

Thymbria, sanctuary of Charon at, i. 205

Tiberius, the Emperor, persecuted the Egyptian religion, ii. 95n. 1

Tibullus, on the rising of Sirius, ii. 34n. 1

Tiele, C. P., on rock-hewn sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, i. 140 n. 1;

on the death of Saracus, 174 n. 2;

on Isis, ii. 115;

on the nature of Osiris, 126n. 2

Tiger's ghost, deceiving a, ii. 263

Tiglath-Pileser III., king of Assyria, i. 14, 16, 163 n. 3

Tii, Egyptian queen, mother of Amenophis IV., ii. 123n. 1

Tille, A., on beginning of Teutonic winter, ii. 81n. 3

Timber felled in the waning of the moon, ii. 133, 135sq., 137

Timor, theory of earthquakes in, i. 197

Timotheus, on the death of Attis, i. 264 n. 4

Tiru-kalli-kundram, dancing-girls at, i. 61

Titane, shrine of Aesculapius at, i. 81

Tobolbel, in the Pelew Islands, ii. 266

Tod, J., on rites of goddess Gouri, i. 241 sq.

Todas of the Neilgherry Hills, custom as to the pollution of death observed by sacred dairyman among the, ii. 228

Togo-land, West Africa, the Ewe people of, i. 282 n. 2;

the Ho tribe of, ii. 104

Tomb of Midas, i. 286;

of Hyacinth, 314

Tombs of the kings of Uganda, ii. 168sq.;

of kings sacred, 194sq.

Tongans, their theory of an earthquake, i. 200 sq.

Tongue of sacrificial ox cut out, ii. 251sq.

Tonquin, annual festival of the dead in, ii. 62

Tophet, at Jerusalem, i. 177

Toradjas of Central Celebes, their theory of rain, ii. 33

Torres Straits Islands, worship of animal-shaped heroes in the, i. 139 n. 1;

death-dances in the, ii. 53n. 2

[pg 317]

Totemism in Kiziba, ii. 173, 174n. 1

Toulon, Midsummer custom at, i. 248 sq.

Town, charm to protect a, ii. 249sqq.

Tozer, H. F., on Mount Argaeus, i. 191

Traditions of kings torn in pieces, ii. 97sq.

Tralles in Lydia, i. 38

Transference of Egyptian festivals from one month to the preceding month, ii. 92sqq.

Transformation of men into women, attempted, in obedience to dreams, ii. 255sqq.;

of women into men, attempted, 255n. 1

Transition from mother-kin to father-kin, ii. 261n. 3

Transylvania, harvest customs among the Roumanians and Saxons of, i. 237 sq.

Travancore, dancing-girls in, i. 63 sqq.

Treason, old English punishment of, i. 290 n. 2

Tree decked with bracelets, anklets, etc., i. 240;

soul of a, in a bird, ii. 111n. 1

—— of life in Eden, i. 186 n. 4

—— -bearers (Dendrophori) in the worship of Cybele and Attis, i. 266 n. 2, 267

—— -spirit, Osiris as a, ii. 107sqq.

Trees, spirit-children awaiting birth in, i. 100;

sacrificial victims hung on, 146;

represented on the monuments of Osiris, ii. 110sq.;

felled in the waning of the moon, 133, 135sq., 137;

growing near the graves of dead kings revered, 162, 164

—— and rocks, Greek belief as to birth from, i. 107 n. 1

Triad, divine, at Tarsus, i. 171

Trident, emblem of Hittite thunder-god, i. 134, 135;

emblem of Indian deity, 170

Tristram, H. B., on date of the corn-reaping in Palestine, i. 232 n.

Trobriands, the, i. 84

Trokoarbasis, priest of Corycian Zeus, i. 145

Trokombigremis, priest of Corycian Zeus, i. 145

“True of speech,” epithet of Osiris, ii. 21

Trumpets, blowing of, in the rites of Attis, i. 268

Tshi-speaking peoples of the Gold Coast, dedicated men and women among the, i. 69 sq.;

ordeal of chastity among the, 115 n. 2;

their annual festival of the dead, ii. 66n. 2

Tubilustrium at Rome, i. 268 n. 1

Tulava, sacred prostitution in, i. 63

Tully River, in Queensland, belief of the natives as to conception without sexual intercourse, i. 102

Tum of Heliopolis, an Egyptian sun-god, ii. 123

Turner, George, on sacred stones, i. 108 n. 1

“Turquoise, Mistress of,” at Sinai, i. 53

Tusayan Indians, their custom at planting, i. 239

Tuscany, volcanic district of, i. 208 n. 1

Tusser, Thomas, on planting peas and beans, ii. 134

Twin, the navel-string of the King of Uganda called his Twin, ii. 147

Twins, precautions taken by women at the graves of, i. 93 n. 1

Two-headed deity, i. 165 sq.

Tyana, Hittite monument at, i. 122 n. 1

Tybi, an Egyptian month, ii. 93n. 2

Tylon or Tylus, a Lydian hero, i. 183;

his death and resurrection, 186 sq.

Tylor, Sir Edward B., on fossil bones as a source of myths, i. 157 sq.;

on names for father and mother, 281

Typhon slays Hercules, i. 111;

Corycian cave of, 155 sq.;

his battle with the gods, 193, 194

—— and Zeus, battle of, i. 156 sq.

——, or Set, the brother of Osiris, ii. 6;

murders Osiris, 7sq.;

and mangles his body, 10;

interpreted as the sun, 129.

See also Set

Tyre, Melcarth at, i. 16;

burning of Melcarth at, 110 sq.;

festival of “the awakening of Hercules” at, 111;

king of, his walk on stones of fire, 114 sq.

——, kings of, their divinity, i. 16;

as priests of Astarte, 26

Tyrimnus, axe-bearing hero at Thyatira, i. 183 n.

Tyrol, feast of All Souls in the, ii. 73sq.

Tyropoeon, ravine at Jerusalem, i. 178

Ucayali River, the Conibos of the, i. 198;

their greetings to the new moon, ii. 142

Uganda, the country of the Baganda, ii. 167;

temples of the dead kings of, 167, 168sq., 170sqq.;

human sacrifices offered to prolong the lives of the kings of, 223sqq.

See also Baganda

Uncle, dead, worshipped, ii. 175

——, maternal, in marriage ceremonies in India, i. 62 n. 1

Uncleanness caused by contact with the dead, ii. 227sqq.

Unconquered Sun, Mithra identified with the, i. 304

Unis, king of Egypt, ii. 5

[pg 318]

Unkulunkulu, “the Old-Old-one,” the first man in the traditions of the Zulus, ii. 182

Unnefer, “the Good Being,” a title of Osiris, ii. 12

“Unspoken water” in marriage rites, ii. 245sq.

Upsala, human sacrifices in the holy grove at, i. 289 sq., ii. 220;

the reign of Frey at, 100

Up-uat, Egyptian jackal-god, ii. 154

Uranus castrated by Cronus, i. 283

Uri-melech or Adom-melech, king of Byblus, i. 14

Usirniri, temple of, at Busiris, ii. 151

Valesius, on the standard Egyptian cubit, ii. 217n. 1

Vallabha, an Indian sect, men assimilated to women in the, ii. 254

Valley of Hinnom, sacrifices to Moloch, in the, i. 178

—— of the Kings at Thebes, ii. 90

—— of Poison, in Java, i. 203 sq.

Vancouver Island, the Ahts of, ii. 139n. 1

Vapours, worship of mephitic, i. 203 sqq.

Varro, on the marriage of the Roman gods, ii. 230sq., 236n. 1;

his derivation of Dialis from Jove, 230n. 2;

on Salacia, 233;

on Fauna or the Good Goddess, 234n. 4

Vase-painting of Croesus on the pyre, i. 176

Vatican, worship of Cybele and Attis on the site of the, i. 275 sq.

Vegetable and animal life associated in primitive mind, i. 5

Vegetation, mythical theory of the growth and decay of, i. 3 sqq.;

annual decay and revival of, represented dramatically in the rites of Adonis, 227 sqq.;

gardens of Adonis charms to promote the growth of, 236 sq., 239;

Midsummer fires and couples in relation to, 250 sq.;

Attis as a god of, 277 sqq.;

Osiris as a god of, ii. 112, 126, 131, 158

“Veins of the Nile,” near Philae, ii. 40

Venus, the planet, identified with Astarte, i. 258, ii. 35

—— and Vulcan, ii. 231

Venus, the bearded, in Cyprus, ii. 259n. 3

Vernal festival of Adonis, i. 226

Verrall, A. W., on the Anthesteria, i. 235 n. 1

Vertumnus and Pomona, ii. 235n. 6

Vestal Virgin, mother of Romulus and Remus, ii. 235

—— Virgins, rule as to their election, ii. 244

Vicarious sacrifices for kings, ii. 220sq.

Vicarious and nutritive types of sacrifice, ii. 226

Victims, sacrificial, hung on trees, i. 146

Victoria Nyanza Lake, Mukasa the god of the, ii. 257

Victory, temple of, on the Palatine Hill at Rome, i. 265

Viehe, Rev. G., on the worship of the dead among the Herero, ii. 187n. 1

Vine, the cultivation of, introduced by Osiris, ii. 7, 112

Vintage festival, Oschophoria, at Athens, ii. 258n. 6

—— rites at Athens, ii. 238

Violets sprung from the blood of Attis, i. 267

Virbius or Dianus at Nemi, i. 45

Virgin, the Heavenly, mother of the Sun, i. 303

—— birth of Perseus, i. 302 n. 4

—— Mary and Isis, ii. 118sq.

—— Mother, the Phrygian Mother Goddess as a, i. 281

—— mothers, tales of, i. 264;

of gods and heroes, 107

Virginity, sacrifice of, i. 60;

recovered by bathing in a spring, 280

Virgins supposed to conceive through eating certain food, i. 96

Virility, sacrifice of, in the rites of Attis and Astarte, i. 268 sq., 270 sq.;

other cases of, 270 n. 2

Vitrolles, bathing at Midsummer at, i. 248

Viza, in Thrace, Carnival custom at, ii. 91

Volcanic region of Cappadocia, i. 189 sqq.

—— religion, i. 188 sqq.

Volcanoes, the worship of, i. 216 sqq.;

human victims thrown into, 219 sq.

Vosges, the Upper, rule as to the shearing of sheep in, ii. 134n. 3

—— Mountains, feast of All Souls in the, ii. 69

Votiaks of Russia, annual festivals of the dead among the, ii. 76sq.

Voyage in boats of papyrus in the rites of Osiris, ii. 88

Vulcan, the fire-god, father of Caeculus, ii. 235

——, the husband of Maia or Majestas, ii. 232sq.;

his Flamen, 232

—— and Venus, ii. 231

Wabisa, Bantu tribe of Rhodesia, ii. 174

Wabondei, of Eastern Africa, their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, i. 82;

their rule as to the cutting of posts for building, ii. 137

Wachsmuth, C., on Easter ceremonies in the Greek Church, i. 254

[pg 319]

Wagogo, the, of German East Africa, their ceremony at the new moon, ii. 143

Wahehe, a Bantu tribe of German East Africa, the worship of the dead among the, ii. 188sqq.;

their belief in a supreme god Nguruhe, 188sq.

Wailing of women for Adonis, i. 224

Wajagga of German East Africa, their way of appeasing ghosts of suicides, i. 292 n. 3;

their human sacrifices at irrigation, ii. 38

Wales, All Souls' Day in, ii. 79

Wallachia, harvest custom in, i. 237

Wamara, a worshipful dead king, ii. 174

Waning of the moon, theories to account for the, ii. 130;

time for felling timber, 135sqq.

War, sacrifice of a blind bull before going to, ii. 250sq.

—— -dance of king before the ghosts of his ancestors, ii. 192

Warner, Mr., on Caffre ideas about lightning, ii. 177n. 1

Warramunga of Central Australia, their belief in the reincarnation of the dead, i. 100;

their tradition of purification by fire, 180 n. 2

Warts supposed to be affected by the moon, ii. 149

Water thrown on the last corn cut, a rain-charm, i. 237 sq.;

marvellous properties attributed to, at Midsummer (the festival of St. John), 246 sqq.;

prophetic, drunk on St. John's Eve, 247

—— of Life, i. 9

Waterbrash, a Huzul cure for, ii. 149sq.

Wave accompanying earthquake, i. 202 sq.

Weaning of children, belief as to the, in Angus, ii. 148

Weavers, caste of, i. 62

Weeks, Rev. J. H., on inconsistency of savage thought, i. 5 n.;

on the names for the supreme god among many tribes of Africa, ii. 186n. 5

Wellalaick, festival of the dead among the Letts, ii. 74

Wen-Ammon, Egyptian traveller, i. 14, 75 sq.

West, Oriental religions in the, i. 298 sqq.

Westermann, D., on the worship of Nyakang among the Shilluks, ii. 165

Whalers, their bodies cut up and used as charms, ii. 106

Wheat forced for festival, i. 243, 244, 251 sq., 253

—— and barley, the cultivation of, introduced by Osiris, ii. 7;

discovered by Isis, 116

Whip made of human skin used in ceremonies for the prolongation of the king's life, ii. 224, 225

Whitby, All Souls' Day at, ii. 79

White, Rev. G. E., on dervishes of Asia Minor, i. 170

White, Miss Rachel Evelyn (Mrs. Wedd), on the position of women in ancient Egypt, ii. 214n. 1, 216n. 1

White the colour of Upper Egypt, ii. 21n. 1

—— birds, souls of dead kings incarnate in, ii. 162

—— bull, soul of a dead king incarnate in a, ii. 164

—— Crown of Upper Egypt, ii. 20, 21n. 1;

worn by Osiris, 87

—— roses dyed red by the blood of Aphrodite, i. 226

Whydah, King of, his worship of serpents, i. 67;

serpents fed at, 86 n. 1

Wicked after death, fate of the, in Egyptian religion, ii. 14

Widow-burning in Greece, i. 177 n. 3

Widowed Flamen, the, ii. 227sqq.

Wiedemann, Professor A., on Wen-Ammon, i. 76 n. 1;

on the Egyptian name of Isis, ii. 50n. 4

Wigtownshire, harvest custom in, i. 237 n. 4

Wiimbaio tribe of South-Eastern Australia, their medicine-men, i. 75 n. 4

Wilkinson, Sir J. G., on corn-stuffed effigies of Osiris, ii. 91n. 3

Wilson, C. T., and R. W. Felkin, on the worship of the dead kings of Uganda, ii. 173n. 2

Winckler, H., his excavations at Boghaz-Keui, i. 125 n., 135 n.

Winged deities, i. 165 sq.

—— disc as divine emblem, i. 132

Winnowing-fans, ashes of human victims scattered by, ii. 97, 106

Winter called Cronus, ii. 41

—— sleep of the god, ii. 41

—— solstice reckoned the Nativity of the Sun, i. 303;

Egyptian ceremony at the, ii. 50

Wissowa, Professor G., on introduction of Phrygian rites at Rome, i. 267 n.;

on Orcus, ii. 231n. 5;

on Ops and Consus, 233n. 6;

on the marriage of the Roman gods, 236n. 1

Wives of dead kings sacrificed at their tombs, ii. 168

Wives, human, of gods, i. 61 sqq., ii. 207;

in Western Asia and Egypt, 70sqq.

Wiwa chiefs reincarnated in pythons, ii. 193

Wogait, Australian tribe, their belief in conception without cohabitation, i. 103

[pg 320]

Woman feeding serpent in Greek art, i. 87 sq.;

as inspired prophetess of a god, ii. 257

Woman's dress assumed by men to deceive dangerous spirits, ii. 262sq.

Women pass through holed stones as cure for barrenness, i. 36, with n. 4;

impregnated by dead saints, 78 sq.;

impregnated by serpents, 80 sqq.;

fear to be impregnated by ghosts, 93;

impregnated by the flower of the banana, 93;

excluded from sacrifices to Hercules, 113 n. 1;

their high importance in the social system of the Pelew Islanders, ii. 205sqq.;

the cultivation of the staple food in the hands of women (Pelew Islands), 206sq.;

their social importance increased by the combined influence of mother-kin and landed property, 209;

their legal superiority to men in ancient Egypt, 214;

impregnated by fire, 235;

priests dressed as, 253sqq.;

dressed as men, 255n. 1, 257;

excluded from sacrifices to Hercules, 258n. 5;

dressed as men at marriage, 262sqq.;

dressed as men at circumcision, 263.

See also Barrenness, Childless, and Sacred Women

—— as prophetesses inspired by dead chiefs, ii. 192sq.;

inspired by gods, 207

——, living, regarded as the wives of dead kings, ii. 191, 192;

reputed the wives of gods, 207

Women's hair, sacrifice of, i. 38

Wororu, man supposed to cause conception in women without sexual intercourse, i. 105

Worship of ancestral spirits among the Bantu tribes of Africa, ii. 174sqq.;

among the Khasis of Assam, 203

—— of the dead perhaps fused with the propitiation of the corn-spirit, i. 233 sqq.;

among the Bantu tribes, ii. 174sqq.

—— of dead kings and chiefs in Africa, ii. 160sqq.;

among the Barotse, 194sq.;

an important element in African religion, 195sq.

—— of hot springs, i. 206 sqq.

—— of mephitic vapours, i. 203 sqq.

—— of volcanoes, i. 216 sqq.

Worshippers of Osiris forbidden to injure fruit-trees and to stop up wells, ii. 111

“Wounds between the arms” of Hebrew prophets, i. 74 n. 4

“—— of the Naaman,” Arab name for the scarlet anemone, i. 226

Wreaths as amulets, ii. 242sq.

Wünsch, R., on the Anthesteria, i. 235 n. 1;

on modern survivals of festivals of Adonis, 246;

on Easter ceremonies in the Greek church, 254 n.

Wyse, W., ii. 35n. 1, 51n. 1

Xenophanes of Colophon on the Egyptian rites of mourning for gods, ii. 42, 43

Yam, island of Torres Straits, heroes worshipped in animal forms in, i. 139 n. 1

Yap, one of the Caroline Islands, prostitution of unmarried girls in, ii. 265sq.

Yarilo, a personification of vegetation, i. 253

Year, length of the solar, determined by the Theban priests, ii. 26

——, the fixed Alexandrian, ii. 28, 49, 92

——, the Celtic, reckoned from November 1st, ii. 81

——, the Egyptian, a vague year, not corrected by intercalation, ii. 24sq.

—— of God, a Sothic period, ii. 36n. 2;

began with the rising of Sirius, 35

——, the old Iranian, ii. 67

——, the Julian, ii. 28

——, the Teutonic, reckoned from October 1st, ii. 81

Yehar-baal, king of Byblus, i. 14

Yehaw-melech, king of Byblus, i. 14

Ynglings, a Norse family, descended from Frey, ii. 100

Yombe, a Bantu tribe of Northern Rhodesia, their sacrifice of first-fruits to the dead, ii. 191

Youth restored by the witch Medea, i. 180 sq.

Yucatan, calendar of the Indians of, ii. 28n.

Yukon River in Alaska, ii. 51

Yungman tribe of Australia, their belief as to the birth of children, i. 101

Yuruks, pastoral people of Cilicia, i. 150 n. 1

Zambesi, the Barotse of the, ii. 193

Zas, name of priest of Corycian Zeus, i. 155

Zechariah, on the mourning of or for Hadadrimmon, i. 15 n. 4;

on wounds of prophet, 74 n. 4

Zekar-baal, king of Byblus, i. 14

Zend-Avesta, on the Fravashis, ii. 67sq.

Zenjirli in Syria, Hittite sculptures at, i. 134;

statue of horned god at, 163

Zer, old Egyptian king, his true Horus name Khent, ii. 20n. 1, 154.

See Khent

Zerka, river in Moab, i. 215 n. 1

[pg 321]

Zeus, god of Tarsus assimilated to, i. 119, 143;

Cilician deity assimilated to, 144 sqq., 148, 152;

the flower of, 186, 187;

identified with Attis, 282;

castrates his father Cronus, 283;

the father of dew, ii. 137;

the Saviour of the City, at Magnesia on the Maeander, 238

——, Corycian, priests of, i. 145, 155;

temple of, 155

—— and Hecate at Stratonicea in Caria, i. 270 n. 2, 227

——, Labrandeus, the Carian, i. 182

——, Olbian, ruins of his temple at Olba, i. 151;

his cave or chasm, 158 sq.;

his priest Teucer, 159;

a god of fertility, 159 sqq.

——, Olybrian, i. 167 n. 1

—— Papas, i. 281 n. 2

Zeus and Typhon, battle of, i. 156 sq., 160

Zimmern, H., on Mylitta, i. 37 n. 1

Zimri, king of Israel, burns himself, i. 174 n. 2, 176

Zion, Mount, traditionally identified with Mount Moriah, ii. 219n. 1

Zoroastrian fire-worship in Cappadocia, i. 191

Zulu medicine-men or diviners, i. 74 n. 4, 75;

their charm to fertilize fields, ii. 102sq.

Zulus, their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, i. 82, 84;

their observation of the moon, ii. 134sq.;

the worship of the dead among the, 182sqq.;

their sacrifice of a bull to prolong the life of the king, 222