PLANTS AND SEEDS OF THE FOREST AND LIGNITE BEDS BELOW THE GLACIAL DRIFT OF THE NORFOLK CLIFFS.

     Pinus sylvestris, Scotch fir.
     Pinus abies, spruce fir.
     Taxus baccata, yew.
     Nuphar luteum, yellow water-lily.
     Ceratophyllum demersum, hornwort.
     Potamogeton, pondweed.
     Prunus spinosus, common sloe.
     Menyanthes trifoliata, buckbean.
     Nymphaea alba, white water-lily.
     Alnus, alder.
     Quercus, oak.
     Betula, birch.

The insects, so far as they are known, including several species of Donacia, are, like the plants and freshwater shells, of living species. It may be remarked, however, that the Scotch fir has been confined in historical times to the northern parts of the British Isles, and the spruce fir is nowhere indigenous in Great Britain. The other plants are such as might now be found in Norfolk, and many of them indicate fenny or marshy ground.*

     (* Mr. King discovered in 1863, in the forest bed, several
     rhizomes of the large British fern Osmunda regalis, of such
     dimensions as they are known to attain in marshy places.
     They are distinguishable from those of other British ferns
     by the peculiar arrangement of the vessels, as seen under
     the microscope in a cross section.)

When we consider the familiar aspect of the flora, the accompanying mammalia are certainly most extraordinary. There are no less than three elephants, a rhinoceros and hippopotamus, a large extinct beaver, and several large estuarine and marine mammalia, such as the walrus, the narwhal, and the whale.

The following is a list of some of the species of which the bones have been collected by Messrs. Gunn and King.

Those marked (asterisk) have been recorded by Professor Owen in his British Fossil Mammalia. Those marked (dagger) have been recognised by the same authority in the cabinets of Messrs. Gunn and King, or in the Norwich Museum; the other three are given on the authority of Dr. Falconer.