A Brief Bibliography Of The Tariffs Of The United States.

I. General Works.—Young's “Special Report on the Customs-Tariff Legislation of the United States” contains useful extracts from debates of Congress, and also valuable tables of duties; in the Index, p. cciii, under “Tariff Act,” will be found references to, and dates of, all acts to 1870. See, also, Sumner's “History of American Currency,” and his “Lectures on Protection in the United States”; A. L. Perry's “Political Economy,” chap. xiii; Grosvenor's “Does Protection Protect?” A valuable study is E. J. James's “Studien über den Amerikanischen Zoll tariff.” For different views, see Carey's “Social Science”; Bolles's “Financial History of the United States,” vol. ii, Bk. i, chap. v, Bk. iii, chaps. iii to x; and Stebbins's “American Protectionists' Manual.”

II. Earlier Periods.—H. C. Adams's “Taxation in the United States, 1789-1816”; F. W. Taussig's “Protection to Young Industries”; the works of Hamilton, Madison, Jefferson, Webster, and Clay; “The Statesman's Manual”; and of course the Debates in Congress, etc. See, also, Bristed's “Resources of the United States”; Pitkin's “Statistical View of the Commerce of the United States”; Seybert's “Statistical Annals” (1818); and the “American Almanac.”

III. Noteworthy Documents.—Hamilton's Reports: “Report on Manufactures,” Works, ii, pp. 192-284, or American State Papers, Finance, i, 123-144. Dallas, Treasury Report of 1816, American State Papers, Finance, iii, 87-91.

A report which is of the greatest importance and weight is Albert Gallatin's “Memorial in Favor of Tariff Reform” (1832). Printed separately. Unfortunately, not in his collected works.

Walker's Report, see Finance Report, December 3, 1845.

J. Q. Adams's Report of 1832, Congressional Documents, 1831-1832, H. R. No. 481.

D. A. Wells's “Reports as Special Commissioner of the Revenue,” 1866, Senate Documents, second session, Thirty-ninth Congress, vol. i, No. 2; 1868, House Executive Documents, second session, Fortieth Congress, [pg 632] vol. ix, No. 81; 1869, House Executive Documents, third session, Fortieth Congress, vol. vii, No. 16; 1869, House Executive Documents, second session, Forty-first Congress, vol. v, No. 27; and his paper in the Cobden Club Essays (second series).

W. D. Kelley's “Speeches, Addresses, and Letters.”

“Report of the Tariff Commission,” 1882 (two vols). H. R. Miscellaneous Documents, No. 6, Part I, Forty-seventh Congress, second session.

IV. Pauper-Labor Argument.—See Taussig, “Protection to Young Industries,” p. 69, note 1; Calhoun's speech, Works, iv, pp. 201-212; Greeley's speech of 1843; Cooper's “Politics,” pp. 99-109; Webster's Works, v, pp. 161-235; Cairnes, “Leading Principles,” pp. 382-388. Fifteenth Annual Report of the Massachusetts Bureau of Statistics (1884), by Carroll D. Wright. D. A. Wells, “Princeton Review,” November, 1883, p. 261; Schoenhof, “Wages and Trade.”

V. View of Early Manufactures.—Bishop, “History of American Manufactures”; Batchelder's “Introduction and Early Progress of the Cotton Manufacture in the United States”; N. Appleton, “Origin of Lowell”; G. S. White, “Memoir of Samuel Slater”; B. F. French, “History of the Rise and Progress of the Iron Trade of the United States for 1621-1857”; H. Scrivenor, “History of the Iron Trade”; “Bulletin of the National Association of Woolen Manufactures,” ii, pp. 479-488. Tench Coxe, “Statement of the Arts and Manufactures of the United States for 1810” (1814).

VI. Later View of Manufactures:

(1.) The Iron Manufacture.—See Swank's “Reports of Iron and Steel Association,” 1882; ibid., “Census Report,” 1880; ibid., “Iron Trade,” 1876; J. S. Newberry, for an excellent article in “International Review,” i, pp. 768-780.

For Bessemer steel, Swank, “Census Report,” 1880, pp. 149-153; and Schoenhof, “Destructive Influences of the Tariff,” chap. vii. A. S. Hewett, Speech in Congress, May 16, 1882. Separately printed.

(2.) Wool, Woolens, and Cottons.—Production and importation of wool, see “United States Statistical Abstract”; “Tariff Commission Report,” i, pp. 1782-1785; ii, p. 2432.

Production and importation of woolens, see “Bulletin of Woolen Manufacturers,” vii, p. 359; “Commerce and Navigation Reports.”

Prosperity of woolen manufacturers after 1867, see Wells, “Wool and the Tariff” (a letter to the “New York Tribune,” March 20, 1873); R. W. Robinson, article of December, 1872, in “Bulletin of Woolen Manufacturers,” iii, p. 354. Edward Harris, “Memorial of the Manufacturers of Woolen Goods to the Committee of Ways and Means,” Washington, 1872. John L. Hayes, “The Fleece and the Loom.”

Production and importation of cottons, see “Commerce and Navigation Reports”; Census Report of 1880.

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(3.) Silk.—Manufacture since 1860, see “Silk Association Reports”; Wyckoff, “Silk Manufacture in the United States” (1883) for recent history, pp. 42-51. Wyckoff, “The Silk Goods of America” (1880), on methods of manufacture, chaps. ii, iv, vi.

(4.) Sugar Duties.—D. A. Wells, “Princeton Review,” vi (November, 1880), pp. 319-335; and “The Sugar Industry of the United States and the Tariff” (1878).

VII. Present Tariff.—Heyl's “United States Duties on Imports” (1881) contains all acts in force to date of publication, and gives all acts since the year 1861 in full. It is used by the United States officials.

“Imports Duties from 1867 to 1883 inclusive” (House of Representatives, Miscellaneous Documents, No. 49, Forty-eighth Congress, first session) gives duties on each article by years, and reduces specific to ad valorem rates.

“The Existing Tariff on Imports into the United States,” 1884 (Senate Document, Report, No. 12, Forty-eighth Congress, first session).