GLOSSARY

(Including Terms of Rhetoric, Grammar, Prosody, Music, Phonetics, and Literary Criticism)

In the Glossary, as in the Notes, the following abbreviations are used:—

Long. = ‘Longinus on the Sublime.’
D.H. = ‘Dionysius of Halicarnassus: the Three Literary Letters.’
Demetr. = ‘Demetrius on Style.’

ἀγεννής. 90 20, 170 9, etc. Ignoble, mean: in reference to style. Lat. ignobilis, degener.

ἀγοραῖος. 262 20. Vulgar, colloquial, mechanical. Lat. circumforaneus, circulatorius. Cp. Lucian de conscrib. hist. § 44 μήτε ἀπορρήτοις καὶ ἔξω πάτου ὀνόμασι μήτε τοῖς ἀγοραίοις τούτοις καὶ καπηλικοῖς.

ἀγχίστροφος. 212 20. Quick-changing, flexible. Lat. mutabilis. Instances of its rhetorical use are cited in Long. p. 194. The word has more warrant as a term of rhetoric than ἀντίρροπος, which is given by F.

ἀγωγή. 68 1, training. 194 9, sequence, movement. 244 24, cast, or tendency. Cp. some uses of Lat. ductus. Other examples in D.H. p. 184: to which may be added de Isocr. c. 12 and de Thucyd. c. 27; Macran’s Harmonics of Aristoxenus pp. 121, 143; Strabo xiv. 1. 41 παραφθείρας τὴν τῶν προτέρων μελοποιῶν ἀγωγήν, and (later) ἀπεμιμήσατο τὴν ἀγωγὴν τῶν παρὰ τοῖς κιναίδοις διαλέκτων καὶ τῆς ἠθοποιΐας.—In 124 10 the adjective ἀγωγός is used (as in Eurip. Hec. 536, Troad. 1131) with the genitive in the sense provocative of, conducive to: cp. de Demosth. c. 55 ἃ δὴ τῶν τοιούτων ἔσται παθῶν ἀγωγά. [In Troad. 1131 Dindorf, ed. v., gives ἀρωγός without comment, against the MSS.]

ἀγών. 252 2, 262 23. Contest, pleading, trial. Lat. certamen, actio. Cp. Long. p. 194, D.H. p. 184, Demetr. p. 263.

ἀδολέσχης. 272 19, 22. Garrulous. Lat. loquax. Cp. Demetr. p. 263.

ἀηδής. 100 7, 124 19, etc. Unpleasant, disagreeable. Lat. iniucundus, molestus. Similarly ἀηδία, 132 21, 134 14.

ἀθρόος. 222 2. Compressed, concentrated. Lat. consertus, stipatus. In the passage specified it would seem that Dionysius compares the issue of the breath to the exit of people through a narrow door, whereby they are crowded together. The sound of p, which is under discussion, approaches whistling; and that is the maximum of breath-compression.

αἵρεσις. 70 15, 198 3, 8, 246 17. School, following. Lat. secta.

αἴσθησις. 130 17, 134 11, 152 15, 218 1. Sense, perception. Lat. sensus. So αἰσθητός, perceptible, 152 22, 206 6, etc.; and αἰσθητῶς, perceptibly, 126 20, 202 18.

ἀκατάστροφος. 232 1. Without rounding or conclusion. Lat. idonei exitus expers. Used of a period which does not turn back upon itself—which is, in fact, not a περίοδος. Cp. the use of εὐκαταστρόφως in Demetr. de Eloc. § 10.

ἀκατονόμαστος. 208 25. Unnamed, nameless. Lat. appellationis expers.

ἀκέραστος. 230 18. Unmixed, or incapable of mixture. Lat. non permixtus, s. qui permisceri non potest.

ἀκοή. 70 3, 118 23, 146 8, etc. The sense of hearing: ‘the ear.’ Lat. auditus. So ἀκρόασις, 116 19, 198 8, etc.

ἀκόλλητος. 218 13. Uncompacted, or incapable of being compacted. Lat. non compactus, s. qui compingi non potest.

ἀκολουθία. 212 22, 232 20, 254 17. Sequence, the orderly progression of words. Lat. consecutio, ordo, series. ἐν πολλοῖς ὑπεροπτικὴ τῆς ἀκολουθίας, 212 22 = prone to anacolouthon. Cp. Long. p. 102, D.H. p. 184, Demetr. p. 263. Similarly ἀκόλουθος is used of what follows naturally, 130 9, 228 17, etc.

ἀκόμψευτος. 212 23, 232 21. Unadorned. Lat. incomptus. Used of a style which is sans recherche, sans parure. Cp. Cic. Orat. 24. 78 “nam ut mulieres esse dicuntur non nullae inornatae, quas id ipsum deceat, sic haec subtilis oratio etiam incompta delectat.”

ἀκόρυφος. 230 31. Without a capital or beginning. Lat. sine fastigio, sine initio. Used of a period without a proper beginning and therefore imperfectly rounded: whereas true periods are εὐκόρυφοι καὶ στρογγύλαι ὥσπερ ἀπὸ τόρνου (de Demosth. c. 43).

ἀκρίβεια. 118 10, 206 8, 266 11, etc. Exactitude, precision, finish. Lat. perfectio, absolutio, subtilitas. Used of an ars exquisita, a style soigné. So ἀκριβής 196 15, and ἀκριβοῦν 94 14 and 242 9. Cp. D.H. p. 184, and Demetr. p. 264 (where the slightly depreciatory sense of ‘correctness,’ ‘nicety,’ is also illustrated: cp. C.V. 274 22).

ἀκροστόμιον. 142 17. The edge of the mouth or lips. Lat. summum os, labrorum margo. Cp. 148 22 τῆς γλώττης ἄκρῳ τῷ στόματι προσερειδομένης κατὰ τοὺς μετεώρους ὀδόντας.

ἀκώλιστος. 234 23. Without members or clauses. Lat. sine membris. Used of a period not divided, or jointed, into clauses.

ἀλήθεια. 198 26. Human experience. Lat. veritas vitae, usus rerum, vita, usus. The actual facts of life are meant, as opposed to the theories of the schools. Cp. de Isaeo c. 18 ὅτι μοι δοκεῖ Λυσίας μὲν τὴν ἀλήθειαν (‘the truth of nature,’ ‘a natural simplicity’) διώκειν μᾶλλον, Ἰσαῖος δὲ τὴν τέχνην.

ἄλογος. 66 18, 146 14, 152 15, 174 2, 3, 206 13, 244 22. Irrational; unguided by reason; subconscious; incalculable; instinctive; spontaneous. Lat. rationis expers. With the use in 146 14 (where the Epitome has ἀλάλου) may be compared the process by which ἄλογον in Modern Greek has come to mean ‘horse.’ With ἄλογος αἴσθησις in 152 15 and 244 22 cp. the use of “tacitus sensus” in Cic. de Orat. iii. 195 “omnes enim tacito quodam sensu sine ulla arte aut ratione quae sint in artibus ac rationibus recta ac prava diiudicant” and Orat. 60. 203 “aures ipsae tacito eum (modum) sensu sine arte definiunt”: see also de Lysia c. 11, de Demosth. c. 24, de Thucyd. c. 27. For the doctrine of ἀλογία in relation to metre see p. 154 supra and Goodell Greek Metric pp. 109 ff. (with references to Aristoxenus, Westphal, etc., pp. 150 ff.). The notion of incommensurability is, of course, present in the term: cp. Aristox. p. 292 ὥρισται δὲ τῶν ποδῶν ἕκαστος ἤτοι λόγῳ τινὶ ἢ ἀλογίᾳ τοιαύτῃ, ἥτις δύο λόγων γνωρίμων τῇ αἰσθήσει ἀνὰ μέσον ἔσται, which Goodell (p. 110) translates, “each of the feet is determined and defined either by a precise ratio or by an incommensurable ratio such that it will be between two ratios recognizable by the sense.”

ἀμεγέθης. 176 11. Wanting in size or dignity. Lat. exilis. Cp. Long. de Sublim. xl. 2 οὐκ ὄντες ὑψηλοὶ φύσει, μήποτε δὲ καὶ ἀμεγέθεις.

ἄμετρος. 74 4, 176 1, 21, etc. Unmetred, unmetrical. Lat. (oratio) soluta. It is interesting to note the variety of Dionysius’ expressions for ‘prose’ or ‘in prose’—λέξις ἄμετρος, λέξις πεζή, λέξις ψιλή, λόγος ἀποίητος, λόγοι ἄμετροι, λόγοι or λόγος simply ( 272 9, 13), δίχα μέτρου ( 252 20), λεκτικῶς ( 258 3), etc. Cp. Plato Rep. 366 E, 390 A, etc.

ἀμορφία. 184 18, 198 10. Unsightliness. Lat. deformitas. So ἄμορφος 92 16.

ἄμουσος. 74 11, 122 19. Rude, uncultured. Lat. insulsus, illiteratus, infacetus.

ἀμυδρός. 206 22. Faint, obscure. Lat. subobscurus.

ἀμφίβολος. 96 17. Ambiguous. Lat. dubius, ambiguus, qui in duos pluresve sensus verti potest.

ἀμφίβραχυς. 172 6, 184 11. Amphibrachys. The metrical foot ᴗ – ᴗ.

ἀναβολή. 164 5, 220 13. Retardation. Lat. mora, intervallum. So ἀναβάλλειν 180 15, 216 18: cp. de Demosth. c. 54 (ταῦτ’ ἐσπευσμένως εἰπέ, ταῦτ’ ἀναβεβλημένως), and c. 43.

ἀναισθησία. 184 21. Insensibility, stupidity. Lat. stupor. Compare ἀναίσθητος 190 8, and see the editor’s Ancient Boeotians pp. 4-8.

ἀνακοπή. 164 5, 230 28, 232 16. Stoppage, clashing. Lat. impedimentum, offensio. Fr. refoulement. Cp. de Demosth. c. 38, and also the verb ἀνακόπτειν 222 9.

ἀνάπαιστος. 172 10, etc. Anapaest. The metrical foot ᴗ ᴗ –.

ἀνάπαυλα. 196 11. Rest, pause. Lat. mora, intermissio. The ‘reliefs’ afforded by variety of structure, etc., are meant.

ἀναπλέκειν. 264 23. To bind up the hair. Lat. caesariem reticulo colligere.

ἄναρθρος. 212 21. Without joints or articles. Lat. sine articulis.

ἀνδρώδης. 174 17. Manly, virile. Lat. virilis. Cp. de Demosth. cc. 39, 43, and Quintil. v. 12. 18.

ἀνέδραστος. 232 4. Unsteady. Lat. instabilis. Used of a period which has no proper base or termination. The opposite of ἑδραῖος (Demetr. p. 277).

ἀνεπιτήδευτος. 84 3, 212 13, 260 14. Unsought, unstudied. Lat. nullo studio delectus, non exquisitus. So ἀνέκλεκτος 84 3: not picked with care.

ἄνεσις. 210 5. Loosening. Lat. remissio. Cp. Plato Rep. i. 349 E ἐν τῇ ἐπιτάσει καὶ ἀνέσει τῶν χορδῶν πλεονεκτεῖν, and ἀνίεται 126 5.

ἀνθηρός. 212 22 (cp. 208 26, 232 25). Florid. Lat. floridus. Fr. fleuri. Cp. Quintil. xii. 10. 58 “namque unum [dicendi genus] subtile, quod ἰσχνόν vocant, alterum grande atque robustum, quod ἁδρόν dicunt, constituunt; tertium alii medium ex duobus, alii floridum (namque id ἀνθηρόν appellant) addiderunt.” ‘Florid’ (like ‘flowery’) has acquired rather a bad sense, whereas the Greek word suggests ‘flower-like,’ ‘full of colour,’ ‘with delicate touches and associations.’

ἀντίθετος. 246 6. Antithetic (σχηματισμοὶ ... ἀντίθετοι). Cp. Demetr. pp. 266, 267, s.v. ἀντίθεσις.

ἀντιστηριγμός. 164 6. Resistance, stumbling-block. Lat. impedimentum, obstaculum. Cp. de Demosth. c. 38 ἀνακοπὰς καὶ ἀντιστηριγμοὺς λαμβάνειν καὶ τραχύτητας ἐν ταῖς συμπλοκαῖς τῶν ὀνομάτων ἐπιστυφούσας τὴν ἀκοὴν ἡσυχῇ [ἡ αὐστῆρα ἁρμονία] βούλεται.

ἀντίστροφος. 174 2, 194 6, 9, 11, 278 9. Corresponding, counterpart. Lat. respondens. Frequently used by Dionysius of the second stanza (ἀντιστροφή, 254 18), sung by the Chorus in its counter-movement. Cp. schol. ad Aristoph. Plut. 253 μεταξὺ τῆς τε στροφῆς καὶ τῆς ἀντιστρόφου: and de Demosth. c. 50 κἄπειτα πάλιν τοῖς αὐτοῖς ῥυθμοῖς καὶ μέτροις ἐπὶ τῶν αὐτῶν στίχων ἢ περίοδων, ἃς ἀντιστρόφους ὀνομάζουσι, χρωμένη.

ἀντιτυπία. 202 25, 222 17, 224 15, 230 6, 232 6, 244 25. Repulsion, clashing, dissonance. Lat. conflictio, asperitas. So the adjective ἀντίτυπος in 162 23, 210 20, etc. Hesychius, ἀντιτύποις· σκληροῖς.

ἀντονομασία. 70 19, 102 18. Pronoun. Lat. pronomen. In 108 14 ἀντωνυμία is found; and this (the more usual) form should perhaps be read throughout.

ἀνωμαλία. 232 19. Unevenness. Lat. inaequalitas. Fr. inégalité.

ἀξίωμα. 84 1, 120 23, 170 2, 174 19. Dignity. Lat. dignitas. Fr. dignité. In 96 16 the sense is a proposition (pronuntiatum, Cic. Tusc. i. 7. 14; enuntiatio, Cic. de Fato 10. 20).—The adjective ἀξιωματικός (‘dignified’) occurs in 136 11, 168 6, etc., and the adverb ἀξιωματικῶς in 176 24.—In 88 13, 186 7, ἀξίωσις = reputation, excellence.

ἀπαγγελία. 204 18. Narration. Lat. narratio. Sometimes the word is used, like ἑρμηνεία, of style (elocutio) in general: cp. de Demosth. c. 25, and Chrysostom (in a passage which, as revealing the pupil of Libanius and as illustrating many things in the C.V., may be quoted at some length): ἐγὼ δὲ εἰ μὲν τὴν λειότητα Ἰσοκράτους ἀπῄτουν, καὶ τὸν Δημοσθένους ὄγκον, καὶ τὴν Θουκυδίδου σεμνότητα, καὶ τὸ Πλάτωνος ὕψος, ἔδει φέρειν εἰς μέσον ταύτην τοῦ Παύλου τὴν μαρτυρίαν. νῦν δὲ ἐκεῖνα μὲν πάντα ἀφίημι, καὶ τὸν περίεργον τῶν ἔξωθεν καλλωπισμόν, καὶ οὐδέν μοι φράσεως, οὐδὲ ἀπαγγελίας μέλει· ἀλλ’ ἐξέστω καὶ τῆ λέξει πτωχεύειν, καὶ τὴν συνθήκην τῶν ὀνομάτων ἁπλῆν τινα εἶναι καὶ ἀσφαλῆ, μόνον μὴ τῇ γνώσει τις καὶ τῇ τῶν δογμάτων ἀκριβείᾳ ἰδιώτης ἔστω (de Sacerdotio iv. 6).—The verb ἀπαγγέλλειν occurs in 200 9, 11.

ἀπαρέμφατος. 102 20. Infinitive. Lat. infinitivus (sc. modus). [The infinitive, unlike the indicative and other moods, does not indicate difference of meaning by means of inflexions denoting number and person. Whence the Greek name: cp. παρεμφατικός, p. 315 infra.]

ἀπαριθμεῖν. 268 8. To recount, to run over. Lat. percensere.

ἀπαρτίζειν. 194 16. To round off, to complete. Lat. adaequare, absolvere. Cp. de Demosth. c. 50 καὶ μέτρα τὰ μὲν ἀπηρτισμένα καὶ τέλεια, τὰ δ’ ἀτελῆ: Ev. Luc. xiv. 28 τίς γὰρ ἐξ ὑμῶν, θέλων πύργον οἰκοδομῆσαι, οὐχὶ πρῶτον καθίσας ψηφίζει τὴν δαπάνην, εἰ ἔχει τὰ πρὸς ἀπαρτισμόν (completion); So κατὰ ἀπαρτισμόν, in 246 18, means completely, absolutely, narrowly. In Classical Review xxiii. 82, the present writer has suggested that κατὰ ἀπαρτισμόν are the words missing in Oxyrhynchus Papyri vi. 116, where Grenfell and Hunt give ἐν πλάτει καὶ οὐ κ[.............]ν. θεωρητέα ἐστίν, or the like, may have preceded: cp. 152 26 supra (and note).

ἀπαρχαί. 76 2. Firstfruits. Lat. primitiae. Used here in connexion with the verb προχειρισάμενος, cum delibavero.

ἀπατηλός. 236 10. Seductive. Lat. suavis et oblectans, illecebrosus.

ἀπερίγραφος. 232 4. Not circumscribed. Lat. nullis limitibus circumscriptus.

ἀπερίοδος. 234 23, 276 1. Without a period. Lat. periodo non absolutus.

ἀπευθύνειν. 130 1. To regulate. Lat. tamquam ad regulam dirigere.

ἀπηνής. 228 15. Crabbed, rugged. Lat. durus.

ἁπλοῦς. 144 8, 17, 176 3. Simple, uncompounded. Lat. simplex.

ἀποίητος. 70 4. In plain prose. Lat. prosaicus. Cp. s.v. ἄμετρος.

ἀποκλείειν. 144 23. To shut off, to intercept. Lat. intercludere.

ἀποκόπτειν. 142 8, 230 19. To cut short. Lat. rescindere. So ἐξ ἀποκοπῆς ( 142 3) = with a snap, abruptly. See the exx. given, s.v. ἀποκοπή, in Demetr. p. 268.

ἀποκυματίζειν. 240 22. To ruffle. Lat. reddere inquietum, fluctibus agitare.

ἀπορριπίζειν. 144 24, 150 1. To blow away. Lat. flatu abigere. In both these passages there is some manuscript support for ἀπορραπίζειν. In 144 24 the sense (with ἀπορραπιζούσης) would be ‘to send out the breath in beats,’ ‘to cause the breath to vibrate.’

ἀποτραχύνειν. 218 9, 230 24. To roughen. Lat. exasperare.

ἀργός. 210 22. Unwrought. Lat. rudis. In 250 8 ἀργία is used for ‘idleness,’ with reference to the Epicurean attitude towards the refinements of style.

ἄρθρον. 70 17. Article. Lat. articulus. See D.H. pp. 185, 186; Demetr. p. 269. ἄρθρον (‘joint’) and σύνδεσμος (‘sinew’ or ‘ligament’) are terms borrowed from anatomy.

ἀριθμοί. 244 27. Numbers, cadences. Lat. numeri, numeri oratorii. Cp. de Demosth. c. 53 φέρε γὰρ ἐπιχειρείτω τις προφέρεσθαι τούσδε τοὺς ἀριθμούς· Ὄλυνθον μὲν δὴ καὶ Μεθώνην κτλ. As Aristotle (Rhet. iii. 8. 2) says, περαίνεται δὲ ἀριθμῷ πάντα· ὁ δὲ τοῦ σχήματος τῆς λέξεως ἀριθμὸς ῥυθμός ἐστιν, οὗ καὶ τὰ μέτρα τμητά.

ἀριστεῖα. 182 12. Lead, supremacy. Lat. primas (dare).

Ἀριστοφάνειος. 256 13, 258 9. Aristophanic. Lat. Aristophaneus. The reference is to the anapaestic tetrameter called ‘Aristophanic.’ Hephaestion (Ench. c. 8) explains the term thus: κέκληται δὲ Ἀριστοφάνειον, οὐκ Ἀριστοφάνους αὐτὸ εὑρόντος πρῶτον, ἐπεὶ καὶ παρὰ Κρατίνῳ ἐστί·

χαίρετε δαίμονες οἳ Λεβάδειαν Βοιώτιον οὖθαρ ἀρούρης·
ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸ τὸν Ἀριστοφάνην πολλῷ αὐτῷ κεχρῆσθαι.

ἁρμογή. 112 13, 218 9, 236 5, 270 9. Junction, combination. Lat. coagmentatio.

ἁρμονία. 72 6, 9, 74 4, 10, 19, 84 9, 15, 90 5, 94 15, 104 19, 114 14, 17, 116 15, 20, passim. Adjustment, arrangement, balance, harmonious composition. Lat. apta structura, concinna orationis compositio, aptus ordo partium inter se cohaerentium. Fr. enchaînement. But, as distinguished from ἁρμογή or from σύνθεσις, ἁρμονία seems usually to connote ‘harmony’ in the more restricted (musical) sense of notes in fitting sequence: cp. our ‘arrangement’ of a song or piece of music. In fact, Dionysius’ three ἁρμονίαι might well be described as three ‘modes of composition,’ and ‘tune’ (the meaning which ἁρμονία bears in Aristot. Rhet. iii. 1. 4) might sometimes serve as a suitable rendering even in reference to literary composition or oratorical rhythm. The original use of the word in Greek carpentry (which employed dovetailing in preference to nails) finds an excellent illustration in the words of a contemporary of Dionysius, Strabo (Geogr. iv. 4): διόπερ οὐ συνάγουσι τὰς ἁρμονίας τῶν σανίδων, ἀλλ’ ἀραιώματα καταλείπουσιν. We have perhaps no single English word which can, like ἁρμονία, incline, according to the context, to the literal sense (‘a fitting,’ ‘a juncture’), or to the metaphorical meaning (‘harmony,’ as ‘harmony’ was understood by the Greeks); but see T. Wilson’s definition of ‘composition’ under σύνθεσις, p. 326 infra, and compare one of the definitions of ‘harmony’ in the New English Dictionary: “pleasing combination or arrangement of sounds, as in poetry or in speaking: sweet or melodious sound.”—The verb ἁρμόττειν is found in 98 6, 104 17, etc.

ἀρρενικός. 106 21. Of the masculine gender. Lat. masculinus.

ἀρτηρία. 140 21, 142 4, 144 5, 20, 148 17. Windpipe. Lat. arteria.

ἀρχαϊσμός. 212 23. A touch of antiquity. Lat. sermonis prisci imitatio. Cp. ἀρχαϊκός, 216 20, 228 8. So ἀρχαιοπρεπῆ σχήματα ( 236 8) = figurae orationis quae vetustatem redolent. As Quintilian (viii. 3. 27) says, “quaedam tamen adhuc vetera vetustate ipsa gratius nitent.” Cp. D.H. p. 186 (s.v. ἀρχαιοπρεπής) and Demetr. p. 269 (s.v. ἀρχαιοειδής): also de Demosth. c. 48.

ἀρχαί. 136 22, 140 13. First beginnings. Lat. principia.

ἄσεμνος. 110 20, 170 20, 176 12, 192 11. Undignified. Lat. dignitatis expers, minime venerandus. Cp. D.H. p. 269.

ἄσημος. 256 22, 262 6. Unnoticed. Lat. obscurus.

ἄσιγμος. 148 1. Without a sigma. Lat. carens littera sigma.

ᾆσμα. 196 2. Song, lay. Lat. carmen, canticum.

ἀσύμμετρος. 124 8, 236 1. Incommensurable, disproportionate, incorrect. Lat. incommensurabilis, sine iusta proportione, inconcinnus. So ἀσυμμετρία 232 19. Some good illustrations (drawn from Cicero) of constructions symétriques will be found in Laurand’s Études sur le style des discours de Cicéron pp. 118-21.

ἀσύμμικτος. 218 12. Unblended, or incapable of being blended. Lat. non permixtus, s. qui permisceri non potest.

ἀσύμφωνος. 122 23. Out of tune. Lat. dissonus.

ἄτακτος. 156 20, 254 16. Disordered, irregular. Lat. perturbatus, nullo ordine compositus, incompositus.

ἀτοπία. 130 26. Awkwardness, clumsiness. Lat. rusticitas, ineptia.

αὐθάδης. 228 9. Wilful, headstrong, unbending. Lat. ferox, pertinax. Cp. Long. de Subl. xxxii. 3 ὁ δὲ Δημοσθένης οὐχ οὕτως μὲν αὐθάδης ὥσπερ οὗτος (sc. ὁ Θουκυδίδης), κτλ.

αὐθέκαστος. 212 23. Outspoken, downright. Lat. rigidus. In Plutarch’s Cato c. 6 Cato is described as ἀπαραίτητος ὢν ἐν τῷ δικαίῳ καὶ τοῖς ὑπὲρ τῆς ἡγεμονίας προστάγμασιν ὄρθιος καὶ αὐθέκαστος (cp. the rigida innocentia attributed to him by Livy xxxix. 40. 10). In Aristotle (Eth. Nic. iv. 7. 4) the αὐθέκαστος hits the mean between the ἀλαζών and the εἴρων.

αὐλός. 142 2. Passage, channel. Lat. meatus.

αὐστηρός. 208 26, 210 15, 216 17, 21, 228 15, 232 22, 248 9. Austere, severe. Lat. severus (cp. Quintil. ix. 4. 97, 120, 128). Compare the antithetic expressions quoted from Dionysius in D.H. p. 186, and add de Demosth. c. 38 init. Also see s.v. στρυφνός, p. 323 infra.

αὐτάρκης. 212 17, 282 2. Sufficient, self-sufficing. Lat. sufficiens, per se sufficiens.

αὐτίκα. 98 7, 194 2, 256 7, 268 6. To begin with, for example. Lat. exempli gratia.

αὐτόματος. 256 19. Self-acting, spontaneous. Lat. spontaneus, ultroneus. Cp. αὐτομάτως 212 12; αὐτοματίζειν 204 5; αὐτοματισμός 218 3, 258 1, 24. In 256 19 ἐκ τοῦ αὐτομάτου = sponte sua, fortuito.

αὐτοσχέδιος. 212 1, 260 14, 262 3. Improvised. Lat. fortuitus, extemporalis, inelaboratus, tumultuarius. So αὐτοσχεδίως 260 25, and αὐτοσχεδιάζειν 256 19 (πολλὰ γὰρ αὐτοσχεδιάζει μέτρα ἡ φύσις = multos versus sponte solet natura effundere). Cp. Demetr. p. 270 s.v. αὐτοσχεδιάζειν, and see σχέδιος p. 327 infra.

αὐτοτελής. 118 6, 140 1. Complete in itself, absolute. Lat. perfectus, absolutus. So αὐτοτελῶς 140 3. The meaning of the word is well illustrated by Diodorus Siculus xii. 1 init. οὔτε γὰρ τῶν νομιζομένων ἀγαθῶν οὐδὲν ὁλόκληρον εὑρίσκεται δεδομένον τοῖς ἀνθρώποις οὔτε τῶν κακῶν αὐτοτελὲς ἄνευ εὐχρηστίας.

αὐτουργός. 196 15. Self-wrought, rudely wrought. Lat. rudis. Cp. de Demosth. c. 39 (as quoted s.v. συναπαρτίζειν, p. 325 infra).—The active sense of αὐτουργός finds a good illustration in Euripides’ well-known line: αὐτουργός, οἵπερ καὶ μόνοι σῴζουσι γῆν (Orest. 920).

ἀφαίρεσις. 104 20, 114 12, 116 17. Deduction, abridgment. Lat. detractio. In 116 17 τῆς ἀφαιρέσεως δὲ τίς (τρόπος) almost = ‘what is the nature of ellipsis?’ As line 18 shows, something necessary to the sense is supposed to be omitted: e.g. the presence of αὐτός in 116 22 implies a contrast with ἕτερος ( 118 1).

ἀφανίζειν. 166 10, 260 1, 272 2. To put out of sight. Lat. abscondere.

ἀφελής. 212 14. Simple, plain. Lat. simplex, subtilis. Cp. D.H. p. 187.

ἀφορμή. 96 23. Starting-point. Lat. initium, principium. Cp. Dionys. Hal. Antiq. Rom. i. 4 τῆς ἀοιδίμου γενομένης καθ’ ἡμᾶς πόλεως, ἀδόξους πάνυ καὶ ταπεινὰς τὰς πρώτας ἀφορμὰς λαβούσης.

ἀφροδίτη. 74 13. Beauty. Lat. venustas, venus. Cp. de Lysia c. 11 ἐὰν δὲ μηδεμίαν ἡδονὴν μηδὲ ἀφροδίτην ὁ τῆς λέξεως χαρακτὴρ ἔχῃ, δυσωπῶ καὶ ὑποπτεύω μήποτ’ οὐ Λυσίου ὁ λόγος, καὶ οὐκέτι βιάζομαι τὴν ἄλογον αἴσθησιν: also c. 18 ibid.

ἄφωνος. 138 13, 140 3, 146 5, 148 11, 20, 220 10. Voiceless, mute. Lat. vocis expers, mutus. From the standpoint of the modern science of phonetics, in which the term ‘voiceless’ is reserved for sounds that are not accompanied by a vibration of the vocal chords, it might be well in the translation of this word to substitute ‘non-vocalic’ for ‘voiceless,’ and ‘vocalic’ for ‘voiced.’

ἄχαρις. 110 20, 146 12. Graceless. Lat. invenustus.

βαίνειν. 86 1. To scan. Lat. scandere. Cp. Aristot. Metaph. xiii. 6, 1093 a 30 βαίνεται δὲ [τὸ ἔπος] ἐν μὲν τῷ δεξιῷ ἐννέα συλλαβαῖς, ἐν δὲ τῷ ἀριστερῷ ὀκτώ.—In 236 4 βεβηκώς is used of a firm, regular tread: Lat. incedere.

βακχεῖος. 174 23, 180 12, 182 19. Bacchius. The metrical foot – – ᴗ.

βαρύς. 126 6, 8, 10, 16, 128 5, 8. Grave (accent), low (pitch). Lat. gravis. Cp. Monro Modes of Ancient Greek Music p. 113: “Our habit of using Latin translations of the terms of Greek grammar has tended to obscure the fact that they belong in almost every case to the ordinary vocabulary of music. The word for ‘accent’ (τόνος) is simply the musical term for ‘pitch’ or ‘key.’ The words ‘acute’ (ὀξύς) and ‘grave’ (βαρύς) mean nothing more than ‘high’ and ‘low’ in pitch. A syllable may have two accents, just as in music a syllable may be sung with more than one note.” So βαρύτης 126 13 = ‘low pitch.’—In 120 23 and 236 8 βάρος = ‘gravity’ (in the sense of ‘dignity’), Fr. gravité.

βάσις. 142 13, 210 22, 212 16, 220 4, 230 31, 232 4, 234 7. Base. Lat. basis, fundamentum.—The word is specially used of a measured step or metrical movement,—of a rhythmical clause in a period and particularly of its rhythmical close (Lat. clausula). In 230 30 and 232 5 it is the iambic endings προγεγενημένων and διανοούμενον that are considered objectionable (ἀνέδραστοι, ἀπερίγραφοι: endings such as πορείαν and ἀκουσάντων would be regarded as ἀσφαλεῖς, de Demosth. cc. 24, 26). Terminations of this kind will be avoided in a style (like the γλαφυρὰ σύνθεσις) which desires τῶν περιόδων τὰς τελευτὰς εὐρύθμους εἶναι,—desires that the chutes of the periods should be nombreuses.—Further light on the meaning of βάσις will be found in de Demosth. cc. 24, 39, 43, 45.

βοστρυχίζειν. 264 22. To curl, to dress the hair. Lat. crines calamistro convertere. Cp. the use of concinni in Cic. de Orat. iii. 25. 100.

βούλεσθαι. 220 9, 234 5, 14, 19, 236 4, 7, etc. To aim, to aspire. Lat. studere. Cp. D.H. p. 187, Demetr. p. 271. This meaning (‘aims at being,’ ‘tends to be’) is, of course, Platonic and Aristotelian.

βραχυσύλλαβος. 168 17. Consisting of short syllables. Lat. brevibus syllabis constans.

βραχύτης. 150 22, 154 6. Shortness. Lat. brevitas.

γένεσις. 138 3. Origin. τὴν γένεσιν λαμβάνει = Lat. originem sumit.

γενικός. 68 20, 118 21, 208 21. General, generic. Lat. generalis.

γενναῖος. 68 4, 136 13, 146 10, 148 9, 172 1, 176 9, 10. Noble. Lat. generosus. Such English renderings as ‘virile,’ ‘robust,’ ‘gallant,’ ‘splendid,’ ‘high-spirited’ may also be suggested. In Plato Rep. ii. 372 B μάζας γενναίας = ‘lordly cakes’; in Long. de Subl. xv. 7 οἱ γενναῖοι = ‘fine, grand, gallant fellows.’ Cp. C.V. 170 9 μαλακώτερος θατέρου καὶ ἀγεννέστερος.

γλαφυρός. 136 14, 208 26, 212 16, 216 20, 232 25, 248 9. Smooth, polished, elegant. Lat. politus, ornatus, elegans. Fr. élégant, orné, poli. Cp. Demetr. p. 272, and de Isocr. c. 2 ὁ γὰρ ἀνὴρ οὕτος τὴν εὐέπειαν ἐκ παντὸς διώκει καὶ τοῦ γλαφυρῶς λέγειν στοχάζεται μᾶλλον ἢ τοῦ ἀφελῶς, and de Demosth. c. 40 ἡ δὲ μετὰ ταύτην ἡ γλαφυρὰ καὶ θεατρικὴ καὶ τὸ κομψὸν αἱρουμένη πρὸ τοῦ σεμνοῦ τοιαύτη.

γλυκαίνειν. 130 18, 134 10, 154 12. To touch with sweetness. Lat. delenire, voluptate perfundere. Cp. γλυκύτης 120 21, γλυκύς 146 9.

γλυπτός. 264 18. Carven, chiselled. Lat. caelatus. So γλυφή, carving, 120 1.

γλῶττα. 78 17. An unfamiliar term. Lat. vocabulum inusitatum. So γλωττηματικός, 252 23, 272 11, and D.H. p. 187, s.v. Obsolete, or obsolescent, words (mots surannés) are often meant.—In 80 17 γλῶττα = διάλεκτος ( 88 26).

γοητεύειν. 122 16, 134 13. To entice. Lat. pellicere.

γράμμα. 130 21, 138 5, etc. Letter of the alphabet. Lat. littera. ἡ γραμματική ( 140 11) = grammar; γραμμαί ( 138 2) = the lines, or strokes, from which γράμματα are formed. In 264 18 γραπτός = written.

γραφή. 68 12, 184 18, 186 1, 206 23, 228 12. Writing, composition (in the wider sense). In 118 24 and 234 13 γραφαί = pictures.

γυμνασία. 206 24, 282 2, 4. Exercise, lesson. Lat. exercitatio. So γυμνάζειν ( 134 4), to practise, to train.

δάκτυλος. 84 21, 172 16, 202 19. Dactyl. The metrical foot – ᴗ ᴗ.

δασύς. 148 12, 13, 18, 19, 150 3, 12. Rough, aspirated. Lat. asper. So δασύτης 148 21, 150 2 and δασύνειν 148 8. Cp. Aristot. Poet. c. 20 for δασύτης and ψιλότης, and see A. J. Ellis English, Dionysian, and Hellenic Pronunciations of Greek pp. 45, 46, where δασύς and ψιλός are translated by ‘rough’ and ‘smooth,’ which seems the safest course to follow when (as here) the terminology of Dionysius’ phonetics is full of difficulties. Aristotle (De audibilibus 804 b 8) defines thus: δασεῖαι δ’ εἰσὶ τῶν φωνῶν ὅσαις ἔσωθεν τὸ πνεῦμα εὐθέως συνεκβάλλομεν μετὰ τῶν φθόγγων, ψιλαὶ δ’ εἰσὶ τοὐναντίον ὅσαι γίγνονται χωρὶς τῆς τοῦ πνεύματος ἐκβολῆς.

δαψιλής. 108 11. Plentiful. Lat. abundans.

δεῖγμα. 200 4, 208 3, 214 13, 228 17. Sample. Lat. exemplum.

δεινότης. 182 13, 264 12. Oratorical mastery. Lat. facultas dicendi, eloquentia. So δεινός 282 3: see also 182 3. Cp. D.H. pp. 187, 188; Demetr. pp. 273, 274.

δεξιῶς. 80 14, 92 20. Deftly. Lat. sollerter, feliciter. In 80 14 σφόδρα δεξιῶς = ‘with great dexterity, or adroitness,’ ‘with great delicacy of touch.’

δεσμός. 148 17. Fastening. Lat. vinculum.

δηλωτικός. 158 2. Indicative of. Lat. significans.

δημηγορία. 110 22, 252 2. A public discourse, or harangue. Lat. contio. Cp. D.H. p. 188.

δημιούργημα. 64 8, 120 1. A piece of workmanship. Lat. opus, opificium. So δημιουργικός (‘industrial’) 104 23. Cp. D.H. p. 274. Quintil. (ii. 15. 4) translates πειθοῦς δημιουργός by persuadendi opifex.

διαβεβηκέναι. 172 3, 202 16, 212 1, 216 18, 218 23, 222 23, 244 19. To have a mighty stride, to be planted wide apart. Lat. latis passibus incedere. Fr. marcher à grands pas. In 202 17, 20, 218 23, and 222 23 the noun διάβασις is used with reference to the intervals which long syllables and clashing consonants make in pronunciation by retarding the utterance. The μεγάλα τε καὶ διαβεβηκότα εἰς πλάτος ὀνόματα of 212 1 are les grands mots à larges allures.

διάθεσις. 154 14, 160 18. Condition, arrangement. Lat. affectus, dispositio.

διαιρεῖν. 180 17, 184 5, 194 15, 218 20, 21, 272 17. To divide, to resolve. Lat. seiungere, resolvere. So διαίρεσις 122 8, 138 1, 272 7.

διακεκλάσθαι. 172 7. To be broken or enervated. Lat. frangi, corrumpi, in delicias effundi. Cp. similar uses of διαθρύπτεσθαι. In de Demosth. c. 43 ῥυθμοὶ διακλώμενοι are opposed to ῥυθμοὶ ἀνδρώδεις.

διακλέπτειν. 176 19. To disguise. Lat. obscurare, occulere.

διακόπτειν. 268 15. To cut short, to silence. Lat. praecidere.

διακοσμεῖν. 218 20. To arrange. Lat. ordinare.

διακρούειν. 230 17. To break into. Lat. interrumpere.

διαλαμβάνειν. 72 10, 166 17, 180 12, 184 14, 270 20, 272 2. To divide, to diversify. Lat. distinguere.

διαλέγεσθαι. 208 9. To write in prose. Lat. soluta oratione uti.

διάλειμμα. 204 1. A pause. Lat. intermissio.

διάλεκτος. 78 16, 80 3, 16, 88 26, 126 3, 160 14, 168 8, 208 19, 246 7. Language. Lat. sermo. Sometimes used with special reference to a ‘dialect,’ as in 80 16, 88 26 (so τὴν Ἀτθίδα γλῶτταν 80 17 = τὴν Ἀτθίδα διάλεκτον de Demosth. c. 41); and in other passages, with much the same sense as λέξις (elocutio).—In 68 9, 94 10, 14, 96 15, 104 1, the adjective διαλεκτικός means ‘pertaining to dialectic.’

διαλλαγή. 126 1. Difference. Lat. differentia. So διαλλάττειν, 92 19, 150 2, 152 29.

διάλογος. 198 1, 264 22. Dialogue. Lat. dialogus. Cp. Demetr. p. 274.

διαλύειν. 132 9, 272 1. To break up, to resolve. Lat. dissolvere. So διάλυσις 138 4.

διαναπαύειν. 134 17. To relieve, to break up. Lat. diluere.

διάνοια. 74 7, 16, 112 21. Mind, thought. Lat. mens, cogitatio.

διὰ πέντε. 126 4, 17. The interval of a fifth. Lat. diapente, quinque tonorum intervallum. So διὰ πασῶν 126 18, of the octave.

διαποικίλλειν. 214 8, 248 10, 254 18. To variegate. Lat. depingere, distinguere.

διαρτᾶν. 206 6. To separate, to break up. Lat. seiungere. Cp. de Demosth. c. 40 ἵνα δὲ μὴ δόξωμεν διαρτᾶν τὰς ἀκολουθίας.

διασαλεύειν. 102 21, 230 9, 240 13. To shake (as by storm), to disturb. Lat. perturbare, concutere. In 230 9 and 240 13 the reference is to troubling the smooth waters of the cadences by sounds that jolt and jar.

διασπᾶν. 222 19, 230 24. To dislocate. Lat. divellere. Cp. Demetr. p. 274, s.v. διασπασμός, and Quintil. ix. 4. 33 “tum vocalium concursus; qui cum accidit, hiat et intersistit et quasi laborat oratio.”

διάστασις. 206 3, 5, 210 18. Distance. Lat. distantia.

διάστημα. 126 3, 16, 270 12. Interval. Lat. spatium, intervallum.

διαστολή. 278 5, 7. Division. Lat. divisio. By διαστολαί (which he opposes to metrical cola) Dionysius means the natural divisions, or pauses, observed in prose in order to bring out the sense and to secure good delivery, in accordance with the requirements of grammar and rhetoric. Cp. the later use of διαστολή for division by means of a comma—for punctuation, as we should say.

διατέμνειν. 270 13. To cut up. Lat. discindere, concidere.

διατιθέναι. 130 5, 15, 134 8, 11. To affect. Lat. adficere.

διάτονος. 194 8, 196 4. Diatonic. Lat. diatonicus. For the diatonic scale see n. on 194 8.

διαφορά. 68 21, 152 14, etc. Difference, variety. Lat. differentia.

διαχάλασμα. 230 24. Loosening. Lat. resolutio. Cp. Epicrates (ap. Athen. xiii. 570 B) on Lais in her old age: ἐπεὶ δὲ δολιχὸν τοῖς ἔτεσιν ἤδη τρέχει | τὰς ἁρμονίας τε διαχαλᾷ τοῦ σώματος.

διελκυσμός. 204 3. Struggle, tussle. Lat. luctatio. Cp. argum. Aristoph. Acharn. εἶτα γενομένου διελκυσμοῦ κατενεχθεὶς ὁ χορὸς ἀπολύει τὸν Δικαιόπολιν, i.e. “a tussle (wrangle) arises, in which the Chorus is overborne and lets go Dicaeopolis.”

διέξοδος. 150 1. Outlet, egress. Lat. exitus.

διερείδειν. 220 3. To thrust apart. Lat. disiungere. The object of the thrusting apart (or separation) is to give each word a firm position (as with the combination of strut and tie in Caesar’s bridge over the Rhine, for which see E. Kitson Clark in Classical Review xxii. 144-147). So διερεισμός 222 10, 224 14. In 202 9 διερείδεσθαι = conniti.

δίεσις. 126 20. A quarter-tone, or any interval smaller than a semitone. Lat. diesis. As to the reason for the disappearance of the quarter-tone from our modern musical system see n. on 194 7 (extract from Macran’s Harmonics of Aristoxenus). See, further, L. and S., s.v. δίεσις and λεῖμμα. The word occurs also in de Lys. c. 11 ὥστε μηδὲ τὴν ἐλαχίστην ἐν τοῖς διαστήμασι δίεσιν ἀγνοεῖν. Suidas defines δίεσις as τὸ ἐλάχιστον μέτρον τῶν ἐναρμονίων διαστημάτων. Cp. Vitruv. de Arch. v. 3.

διευκρινεῖν. 208 4. To determine. Lat. diiudicare.

διευστοχεῖν. 124 17. To go straight to the mark. Lat. recta ad scopum tendere. For the genitive cp. Polyb. ii. 45 (of Aratus) ἄνδρα δυνάμενον πάσης εὐστοχεῖν περιστάσεως.

διηνεκής. 142 2. Unbroken, uninterrupted. Lat. continuus, perpetuus.

διθυραμβοποιός. 194 23. Writer of dithyrambs. Lat. dithyrambicus poëta. Cp. D.H. p. 188, s.v. διθύραμβος.

διιστάναι. 144 4, 202 17, 204 21, 206 4, 222 5, 224 8, 236 6. To keep apart. Lat. diducere. Cp. Diog. Laert. iv. 6 ἦν δὲ [ὁ Ἀρκεσίλαος] ἐν τῇ λαλιᾷ διαστατικὸς τῶν ὀνομάτων, i.e. distinct in his enunciation. In 230 17 διέστακεν = διέσπακεν.

δίκαιος. 224 2, 10. Legitimate, regular. Lat. iustus. The normal measure of a long syllable is meant.

δικανικός. 112 11, 252 2. Forensic. Lat. iudicialis, forensis.

διορίζειν. 218 16. To separate by a boundary. Lat. disterminare.

διοχλεῖν. 116 19, 122 18. To distress. Lat. sollicitare.

διπλοῦς. 144 9, 10, 15. Double, compound. Lat. duplex. Cp. Demetr. p. 276.

δισύλλαβος. 126 13, 168 12, 170 14, 202 14. Disyllabic. Lat. disyllabus. αἱ δισύλλαβοι (λέξεις) = disyllables.

δίχρονος. 140 17, 19, 142 1, 6, 150 18. Double-timed, doubtful, common. Lat. communis, anceps.

δόξα. 134 4. Opinion, personal judgment. Lat. opinio. Opposed to ἐπιστήμη.

δύναμις. 72 25, 26, 130 22, 23, 134 17, 136 20, etc. Power, faculty, function. Lat. potentia, facultas. Used, more than once in this treatise, of ‘phonetic value’ or ‘effect.’ Fr. valeur. In 266 7 τῆς ἑαυτοῦ δυνάμεως denotes ‘mental powers,’ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ διανοίας being used in the parallel passage of de Demosth. c. 51.

δυσειδής. 144 4. Ungraceful. Lat. deformis.

δυσέκφορος. 132 2, 162 5, 16, 232 15. Hard to pronounce. Lat. difficilis pronuntiatu. Cp. δυσεκφόρητος in 220 13.

δυσηχής. 162 15. Ill-sounding. Lat. ingratus auditu. [According to Sauppe’s conjecture on p. 163 n.: cp. δυσηχές 144 4, as given by PMV.]

δυσπερίληπτος. 206 23. Not easily included. Lat. qui facile includi nequit.

δυσχέρεια. 134 24, 168 3. Offensiveness. Lat. molestia.

δυσωπεῖσθαι. 134 21. To be shy of. Lat. prae pudore reformidare. The active voice is found in de Lys. c. 11.

Δώριος. 196 1. Dorian. Lat. Dorius, Doricus. Cp. Monro’s Modes of Ancient Greek Music, passim.

ἐγγίζειν. 144 16. To approach. Lat. appropinquare.

ἐγκάθισμα. 202 25, 232 16. Dwelling on a syllable, prolongation. Lat. sessio, mora vocis tamquam considentis. Fr. temps d’arrêt. Cp. de Demosth. c. 43 ἐν τούτοις γὰρ δὴ τά τε φωνήεντα πολλαχῇ συγκρουόμενα δῆλά ἐστι καὶ τὰ ἡμίφωνα καὶ ἄφωνα, ἐξ ὧν στηριγμούς τε καὶ ἐγκαθισμοὺς αἱ ἁρμονίαι λαμβάνουσι καὶ τραχύτητας αἱ φωναὶ συχνάς.

ἐγκαταπλέκειν. 134 12. To interweave. Lat. innectere. The uncompounded πλέκειν occurs in 154 9.

ἐγκατάσκευος. 182 7. Highly-wrought. Lat. elaboratus. Cp. Demetr. de Eloc. § 15 οὕτω γὰρ καὶ ἐγκατάσκευος ἔσται (ὁ λόγος) καὶ ἁπλοῦς ἅμα, καὶ ἐξ ἀμφοῖν ἡδύς, καὶ οὔτε μάλα ἰδιωτικὸς οὔτε μάλα σοφιστικός. See, further, D.H. pp. 189, 194, and Demetr. p. 276.

ἔγκλισις. 108 3, 264 5. Mood (of verb). Lat. modus. Cp. de Demosth. c. 52 γένη, πτώσεις, ἀριθμούς, ἐγκλίσεις. In 102 19 τῶν ἐγκλινομένων = ‘derivative, or secondary, forms.’

ἐγκοπή. 220 13. Hindrance, interruption. Lat. impedimentum. Cp. Ep. i. ad Cor. ix. 12 ἵνα μὴ ἐγκοπήν τινα δῶμεν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ τοῦ Χριστοῦ. [In Long. de Subl. xli. 3 κατ’ ἐγκοπάς seems to refer to notches or incisions as made by carpenters in dovetailing.]

ἐγκύκλιος. 262 20. Broad, general (of education). Lat. orbis doctrinae. (Quintil. i. 10. 1.) Wilamowitz-Moellendorff Greek Historical Writing p. 15: “At latest in the school of Posidonius—and I think a little earlier—the so-called ἐγκύκλιος παιδεία, or ‘universal instruction,’ was formed into a system which has continued to our own Universities in the form of ‘the seven liberal arts.’ The study of history has no place in it; astronomy, architecture, and medicine have.”

ἕδρα. 108 4, 234 2, 244 18. Position, foundation. Lat. sedes. Cp. Demetr. p. 277. So ἑδράσαι 106 7, ἀνέδραστος 232 4, δύσεδρος 106 8, εὔεδρος 106 9.

εἰδικός. 208 12, 246 19. Specific. Lat. specialis.

εἰκαῖος. 74 10. Random, casual. Lat. temerarius.

εἰκών. 124 20. Illustration. Lat. similitudo.

εἰλικρινῶς. 220 11. Completely, with no alloy. Lat. sincere.

εἰσαγωγή. 114 9. Introduction. Lat. praefatio.

ἐκλογή. 68 4, 12, 74 15, 78 8, 182 6, 200 15, 246 13, 252 27. Choice. Lat. delectus. The ἐκλογή of words is constantly contrasted with their σύνθεσις. Cp. ἐκλέγειν 74 9, 182 3.

ἐκλογίζεσθαι. 200 6. To consider fully. Lat. expendere, percensere.

ἐκμαλάττειν. 134 10. To soften. Lat. emollire, mulcere.

ἐκμάττεσθαι. 250 14. To take the impress of. Lat. exprimere, imitari. Cp. de Demosth. c. 4 τὴν ἐπίθετον καὶ κατεσκευασμένην φράσιν τῶν περὶ Γοργίαν ἐκμέμακται, and c. 13 τὸν Λυσιακὸν χαρακτῆρα ἐκμέμακται εἰς ὄνυχα (i.e. ad unguem, ad amussim).

ἐκμέλεια. 124 1. False note. Lat. dissonantia.

ἐκμιμεῖσθαι. 70 4. To copy. Lat. imitari, imitando effingere.

ἐκπληροῦν. 212 15. To fill out, to round off. Lat. orbem orationis implere.

ἔκστασις. 156 20. Astonishment. Lat. stupor. Cp. Ev. Marc. xvi. 8 εἶχε δὲ αὐτὰς τρόμος καὶ ἔκστασις.

ἔκτασις. 204 3, 268 19. Stretching, lengthening. Lat. productio. Cp. Demetr. p. 277.

ἐκτείνειν. 140 18, 142 10. To lengthen, to prolong. Lat. producere.

ἐκφαίνειν. 154 22. To reproduce. Lat. referre.

ἐκφανής. 246 1. Prominent. Lat. conspicuus.

ἐκφέρειν. 68 12, 84 6, 94 10, 15, 106 19, 108 3, 112 9, 114 1, 116 24, 118 6, 15, etc. To utter, to produce: with various cognate meanings. Lat. edere, promere.

ἐκφορά. 112 15, 142 7. Utterance. Lat. pronuntiatio.

ἐκφωνεῖν. 140 5. To pronounce. Lat. pronuntiare. Cp. Demetr. p. 278.

ἐλάττωσις. 156 22. Curtailment. Lat. imminutio.

ἐλεγειακός. 256 23. Elegiac. Lat. elegiacus. Coupled with πεντάμετρον.

ἐλεύθερος. 212 9. Unfettered. Lat. liber. Epithet applied to κῶλα.

ἐμπερίοδος. 118 15. In periods, periodic. Lat. periodo inclusus.

ἐμφαίνειν. 110 19, 212 13, 228 7, 254 17, 21. To indicate. Lat. indicare, ostendere.

ἐναγώνιος. 90 6, 198 1. Forensic. Lat. forensis. With some notion of combative, incisive, vehement. Cp. δικανικός, p. 196 supra.

ἔναρθρος. 136 22. Articulate. Lat. articulatus.

ἐναρμόνιος. 194 7, 196 3, 11. Enharmonic. Lat. enarmonicus. For the enharmonic scale see note on 194 7.—In 108 10 and 196 11 the word is used in a less restricted sense. Cp. de Demosth. c. 24 νῦν μὲν γὰρ δυσὶ περιλαμβανομένη κώλοις σύμμετρός ἐστι [ἡ περίοδος] καὶ ἐναρμόνιος καὶ στρογγύλη καὶ βάσιν εἴληφεν ἀσφαλῆ.

ἐνδεχομένων. 96 17. Admissible. Lat. licitus.

ἐνεξουσιάζειν. 196 5: see n. ad loc.

ἐνέργεια. 204 1, 268 5. Activity. Lat. actio.

ἑνικῶς. 106 18. In the singular number. Lat. singulariter.

ἔντεχνος. 134 2, 272 21, 23. According to the rules of art, artistic, systematic. Lat. artificiosus.

ἑξάμετρος. 194 3. Of six measures, hexameter (line: στίχος). Lat. hexameter.

ἑξάπους. 84 21. Of six feet. Lat. sex constans pedibus.

ἕξις. 66 1, 122 24, 268 4, 11, 26. State or habit (of body or mind); skill based on practice. Lat. habitus, habilitas, peritia.

ἐπαγγέλλεσθαι. 94 9. To profess to teach a subject. Lat. profiteri.

ἐπαγωγός. 162 2. Conducive to. Lat. aptus ad inducendum. For the genitive cp. s.v. ἀγωγή, p. 285 supra.

ἐπανθεῖν. 198 10. To bloom. Lat. efflorescere.

ἐπεισόδιον. 196 24. Pleasure-giving addition, episode. Lat. episodium.

ἐπιγραφή. 96 13, 104 4. Title. Lat. inscriptio.

ἐπιδείκνυσθαι. 162 2, 228 9, 254 1. To make a display of. Lat. prae se ferre, ostentare.

ἐπιθαλάμιον (sc. ποίημα). 258 7. Bridal song. Lat. epithalamium.

ἐπίθετον. 102 17. An addition, epithet, adjective (‘the qualifier,’ Puttenham’s sixteenth-century Arte of English Poesie). Lat. ad nomen adiunctum, appositum (Quintil. viii. 3. 43; 6. 29). The ἐπίθετον seems to be regarded by Dionysius as a separate part of speech: cp. Steinthal Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft bei den Griechen und Römern ii. p. 251 “Was das ἐπίθετον, das Adjectivum betrifft: so ist es im Alterthum vielleicht von Niemandem, höchstens aber nur von dem einen oder andren Grammatiker zum besonderen Redetheil gemacht.”

ἐπικίνδυνος. 80 13. Hazardous. Lat. periculosus. Aventuré would perhaps be a better French equivalent, in this context, than risqué.

ἐπίκοινος. 150 4. Common (i.e. belonging equally to both). Lat. communis.

ἐπικός. 214 2, 274 7. Epic. Lat. epicus. ἐπικὴ ποίησις = epic poetry.

ἐπικρύπτειν. 134 16, 198 10. To hide, to veil. Lat. occultare.

ἐπιλαμπρύνειν. 144 2. To make crisp and clear. Lat. clarum reddere. Cp. Plut. Mor. 912 C καὶ οἱ βάτραχοι, προσδοκῶντες ὄμβρον, ἐπιλαμπρύνουσι τὴν φωνὴν ὑπὸ χαρᾶς.

ἐπίρρημα. 70 21. Adverb. Lat. adverbium.

ἐπισκοτεῖν. 134 14, 260 1. To overshadow. Lat. obscurare.

ἐπίστασις. 68 1. Attention. Lat. cura. Cp. ἀνεπιστάτως, heedlessly, 74 6: so Long. de Subl. xxxiii. 4 ὑπὸ μεγαλοφυΐας ἀνεπιστάτως παρενηνεγμένα, ‘introduced with all the heedlessness of genius.’

ἐπιστήμη. 104 15, 110 8, 124 5, 21, 134 3. Knowledge, science. Lat. scientia.

ἐπίτασις. 210 5. Tightening. Lat. intentio.

ἐπιτάφιος. 116 2, 178 1, 180 8. Funeral speech (sub. λόγος). Lat. oratio funebris.

ἐπιταχύνειν. 204 8, 22. To quicken. Lat. accelerare.

ἐπιτείνειν. 126 4. To raise the pitch. Lat. intendere.

ἐπιτερπής. 228 12. Delightful. Lat. iucundus.

ἐπιτετηδευμένως. 260 25. Deliberately. Lat. de industria. Cp. ἐπιτηδεύειν 136 18, and ἀνεπιτήδευτος (p. 288 supra).

ἐπιτήδευσις. 70 6, 212 19. Pains, study. Lat. studium, industria.

ἐπιτρόχαλος. 180 14. Running, tripping. Lat. velox, volubilis. Cp. de Demosth. c. 40 ἐπιτρόχαλος δή τις γίνεται καὶ καταφερὴς ἡ ῥύσις τῆς λέξεως, ὥσπερ κατὰ πρανοῦς φερόμενα χωρίου νάματα μηδενὸς αὐτοῖς ἀντικρούοντος.—In Hom. Il. iii. 213 ἐπιτροχάδην = trippingly, unfalteringly.

ἐπιτυχής. 268 13. Successful. Lat. voti compos.

ἐπιφέρειν. 88 16. To quote. Lat. citare, laudare, proferre. Cp. Demetr. p. 281.

ἐποποιός. 194 2, 236 15. Epic poet. Lat. poëta epicus. So τὰ ἔπη ( 270 19) = versus epici.

ἐποχή. 204 2. Delay, suspense. Lat. impedimentum, retentio.

ἐπῳδός. 194 12, 278 9. After-song, coda, epode. In this sense (that of the part of a lyric ode which is sung after the strophe and antistrophe) the word is feminine. In 194 20, if the masculine ὀλίγοις is rightly read, the special meaning of ἐπῳδός will be refrain, burden: a meaning somewhat nearer that of the Latin epodos.

ἐρείδειν. 142 13. To thrust. Lat. trudere. So ἔρεισις 204 4. In 210 16 ἐρείδεσθαι = to be firmly planted.

ἑρμηνεία. 66 18, 76 9, 78 19, 84 11, 172 17, 182 5. Expression, style. Lat. elocutio. The word appears in the title of the treatise περὶ ἑρμηνείας which passes under the name of Demetrius. So ἑρμηνεύειν (to express) in 76 9, 186 18, 204 8, 260 20. Cp. Demetr. p. 282 (s.v. ἑρμηνεία and ἑρμηνεύειν).

ἐτυμολογία. 160 6. Etymology: with reference to Plato’s Cratylus. For Latin equivalents cp. Quintil. i. 6. 28 “etymologia, quae verborum originem inquirit, a Cicerone dicta est notatio, quia nomen eius apud Aristotelem invenitur σύμβολον, quod est nota; nam verbum ex verbo ductum, id est veriloquium, ipse Cicero, qui finxit, reformidat. sunt qui vim potius intuiti originationem vocent.”

εὐγενής. 136 11, 178 14, 21, 180 3. Well-born, noble. Lat. generosus. So εὐγενεία 192 8. The εὐγενής is not necessarily γενναῖος (Aristot. Rhet. ii. 15. 3).

εὔγλωσσος. 70 2. Pleasant on the tongue. Lat. suavis.

εὔγραμμος. 230 31, 246 3. Well-drawn, well-defined. Lat. definitus.

εὐγώνιος. 210 22. Four-square. Lat. qui angulis rectis constat, quadratus.

εὐέπεια. 240 5, 18, 246 1, 268 28. Beauty of language. Lat. verborum elegantia. In this treatise Dionysius clearly uses the word with special reference to his main subject—beauty of sound, euphony. So also εὐεπής 218 10, 222 6, 224 2, 228 5, 230 20; and εὐεπῶς 232 11. In the Classical Review xviii. 19 the present writer has tried to show that, even in an author so early as Sophocles (Oed. Tyr. 928), the word εὐέπεια is to be understood in a rhetorical sense (‘elegant language,’ ‘neatly-turned phrase’: with direct reference to the employment of a ‘figure’ of rhetoric). But, later, the word was used of ‘eloquence’ generally (as in the well-known epigram of Simmias on the tomb of Sophocles himself); and to this wider meaning Dionysius here gives a special turn of his own.

εὐήτριος. 234 12. With fine thread, well-woven. Lat. bene textus.

εὔκαιρος. 134 18, 196 25. Timely. Lat. opportunus, tempestivus. So εὐκαίρως 132 3, εὐκαιρίαν 242 3.

εὐκαταφρόνητος. 74 12. Contemptible. Lat. abiectus, humilis.

εὔκρατος. 210 1, 246 11. Well-blended. Lat. temperatus. Cp. de Demosth. c. 3 ἡ Θρασυμάχειος ἑρμηνεία, μέση τοῖν δυεῖν καὶ εὔκρατος: Cic. Orat. 6. 21 “est autem quidam interiectus inter hos medius et quasi temperatus,” etc.—Both in 210 1 and in 246 11 the well-supported variant κοινήν is to be noted: it may conceivably have originated in a gloss on εὔκρατον.—In 220 17 the similar adjective εὐκέραστος is used, though not in reference to the three ἁρμονίαι.

εὐλάβεια. 234 17. Caution. Lat. cautio. Used in the phrase δι’ εὐλαβείας ἔχει.

εὔλογος. 158 12. Reasonable. Lat. rationi consentaneus. The reference is to resemblances which are not ἄλογοι, but have a natural basis and are grounded in reason.

εὐμελής. 130 6, 134 9. Melodious. Lat. canorus.—On the other hand, ἐμμελής = in melody, set to music: 124 10, 130 6, 254 2, 8, 270 5; and so ἐμμέλεια 122 21, 182 2, 266 4.

εὔμετρος. 254 6. Metrical; possessing good metrical qualities. Lat. metricus.—On the other hand, ἔμμετρος = in metre: 74 4, 76 1, 168 8, 176 1, 21, 254 2, 4, 14, 270 5. In 270 10 ἐμμετρία has good manuscript authority. Cp. Aristot. Rhet. iii. 8. 1 τὸ δὲ σχῆμα τῆς λέξεως δεῖ μήτε ἔμμετρον εἶναι μήτε ἄρρυθμον.

εὔμορφος. 84 2, 144 3, 162 1. Of beautiful form. Lat. formosus. So εὐμορφία 168 4, 264 16.

εὐπάθεια. 250 4. Pleasure. Lat. voluptas. Plur. εὐπάθειαι = Lat. deliciae.

εὐπαίδευτος. 228 10. Scholarly, cultured. Lat. doctus.

εὐπετής. 218 10, 222 6. Flowing easily. Lat. volubilis. [According to the reading of P in each passage. But εὐεπές should probably be read.] Cp. εὔρους in 240 21 and (according to P) in 196 25.

εὐπρόφορος. 132 2. Easy to pronounce. Lat. facilis pronuntiatu.

εὔρους. 240 21. Flowing, copious. Lat. copiosus. See also s.v. εὐπετής, supra.

εὔρυθμος. 124 10, 130 8, 134 9, 236 3, 254 6, 18. Rhythmical. Lat. numerosus, moderatus (Cic. de Orat. iii. 48. 184; ii. 8. 34). So εὐρυθμία 118 11, 122 21, 182 2, 254 27: cp. Cic. Orat. 65. 220 “multum interest utrum numerosa sit, id est, similis numerorum, an plane e numeris constet oratio,” and Quintil. ix. 4. 56 “idque Cicero optime videt, ac testatur frequenter, se, quod numerosum sit, quaerere; ut magis non ἄρρυθμον, quod esset inscitum atque agreste, quam ἔνρυθμον, quod poëticum est, esse compositionem velit.” For ἔνρυθμος see 130 8.

εὐστομία. 110 18, 120 21. Beauty of sound. Lat. soni suavitas. Cp. Plato Crat. 405 D, 412 E.

εὔσχημος. 172 6. Graceful. Lat. decorus, speciosus.

εὐτελής. 78 10, 136 3. Commonplace, cheap, vulgar. Lat. vilis. Cp. D.H. p. 193, and Aristot. Rhet. iii. 7. 2.

εὔτροχος. 206 14. Running easily. Lat. celer, volubilis. Cp. γλῶσσα εὔτροχος = a glib tongue (Eur. Bacch. 268).

εὐτυχῶς. 186 3. Happily, successfully. Lat. feliciter. Cp. εὐτυχοῦσιν 198 5, and ἀτυχεῖ 198 16.

εὐφωνία. 266 4. Euphony, musical sound. Lat. vocis dulcedo s. suavitas. So εὔφωνος 132 1, 134 9, 142 10, 166 7, 17, 230 23, 234 14. For a modern view of the effect of euphony cp. the words of Jowett (Dialogues of Plato i. 310): “In all the higher uses of language the sound is the echo of the sense, especially in poetry, in which beauty and expressiveness are given to human thoughts by the harmonious composition of the words, syllables, letters, accents, quantities, rhythms, rhymes, varieties and contrasts of all sorts.” Hence, though no lover of the vicious style sometimes termed “poetic prose,” Jowett says in his Notes and Sayings: “If I were a professor of English, I would teach my men that prose writing is a kind of poetry.”

ἐφάμιλλος. 116 8. Rivalling, a match for. Lat. aemulus, haud impar.

ἡγεμών. 168 17. Hegemon. The metrical foot ᴗ ᴗ. Cp. de Demosth. c. 47 ὥσπερ οἴονταί τινες καὶ καλοῦσι τὸν οὕτως κατασκευασθέντα ῥυθμὸν ἡγεμόνα.

Ἡγησιακός. 90 19. Hegesian, recalling Hegesias. Lat. Hegesiacus. For Hegesias see Introduction, pp. 52-55 supra.

ἡδονή. 80 16, 118 22, 120 20, 132 19, 21. Charm. Lat. iucunditas, dulcedo. Fr. charme, agrément, attrait. Cp. 120 20-24 τάττω δὲ ὑπὸ μὲν τὴν ἡδονὴν τήν τε ὥραν καὶ τὴν χάριν καὶ τὴν εὐστομίαν καὶ τὴν γλυκύτητα καὶ τὸ πιθανὸν καὶ πάντα τὰ τοιαῦτα, ὑπὸ δὲ τὸ καλὸν τήν τε μεγαλοπρέπειαν καὶ τὸ βάρος καὶ τὴν σεμνολογίαν καὶ τὸ ἀξίωμα καὶ τὸν πίνον καὶ τὰ τούτοις ὅμοια. See also Demetr. p. 284. So ἡδύς (suavis, iucundus; sweet, pleasing, agreeable, attractive, charming), 68 6, 74 13, etc.

ἡδύνειν. 130 11, 146 8, 148 6, 160 15, 164 13. To sweeten; to delight, to charm. Lat. dulce reddere; demulcere.

ἦθος. 88 12, 160 17, 212 11. Character. Lat. mos, indoles. Cp. Demetr. p. 284, D.H. p. 193. See Jebb’s Attic Orators i. 30, 31 for pathos and ethos in Antiphon (with reference to C.V. 212 10). According to Aristotle’s Rhetoric, a speech may be in, or out of, character in reference to (1) speaker, (2) audience, (3) subject.

ἡμιστίχιον. 274 17. A half-line, half-verse. Lat. hemistichium. Cp. Demetr. p. 284, s.v. ἡμίμετρον.

ἡμιτελής. 140 4. Half-perfect. Lat. semiperfectus.

ἡμιτόνιον. 126 5, 19. A half-tone, semitone. Lat. hemitonium.

ἡμίφωνος. 138 13, 140 1, 144 7, 146 5, 220 11. Semi-voiced, semi-vocal. Lat. semivocalis. ἡμίφωνα γράμματα = litterae semivocales. Cp. s.v. ἄφωνος, p. 292 supra.

ἠρεμία. 156 11, 160 4. Rest, immobility. Lat. quies, tranquillitas. So ἠρεμεῖν 142 1.

ἡρωϊκός. 84 21, 86 3, 88 7, 172 17, 206 10. Heroic (sc. στίχος: the hexameter line). Lat. heroicus. In 172 17 and 206 10, with μέτρον.

ἡσυχῇ. 148 8. Softly, gently. Lat. sensim.

ἠχεῖσθαι. 138 12, 142 7. To be sounded. Lat. pronuntiari, sonare.

ἦχος. 130 19, 138 11, 142 14, 19, etc. Sound. Lat. sonus.

θεατρικός. 212 16, 216 19, 228 8, 236 11. Theatrical, showy. Lat. theatralis. Cp. de Demosth. c. 25 ἐπὶ τὰ θεατρικὰ τὰ Γοργίεια ταυτὶ παραγίνεται, τὰς ἀντιθέσεις καὶ τὰς παρισώσεις λέγω.

θεοβλάβεια. 184 23. Madness, blindness. Lat. mens divinitus laesa.

θεώρημα. 72 12, 16, 88 14, 96 25, 104 11, etc. Investigation, speculation; rule. Lat. quaestio; praeceptum artis. Cp. θεωρία 66 8, 96 14, 98 2, 102 25, 104 3, etc., and θεωρεῖν 152 26, 204 3, 210 9.

θηλυκός. 106 21. Of the feminine gender. Lat. femininus.

θῆλυς. 172 7. Effeminate. Lat. muliebris, effeminatus. Cp. Larue van Hook Metaphorical Terminology of Greek Rhetoric, p. 26, s.v. ἀνδρώδης.

θηριώδης. 146 13. Beast-like. Lat. ferinus. The term will, of course, apply to vipers as well as other animals: cp. τὸ θηρίον in Acta Apost. xxviii. 4, and ἡ θηριακή (‘antidote against a poisonous bite’), whence the word treacle.

θορυβεῖν. 122 22. To hiss off the stage. Lat. explodere.

θρυλιγμός. 124 1. Harsh sound, false note. Lat. murmur inconcinnum, dissonantia. Cp. Hymn. Hom. in Merc. 486 ὃς δέ κεν αὐτὴν | νῆϊς ἐὼν τὸ πρῶτον ἐπιζαφελῶς ἐρεείνῃ, | μὰψ αὔτως κεν ἔπειτα μετήορά τε θρυλίζοι.

ἰαμβεῖον. 258 25, 262 4. Iambic line. Lat. versus iambicus.

ἴαμβος. 170 7, 270 19. Iambus. The metrical foot ᴗ –. The adjective ἰαμβικός in 184 11, 258 19, 276 10.

ἰδέα. 88 6, 104 8, 116 12, 198 17, 200 5, 248 4. Kind, aspect. Lat. genus, aspectus.

ἰδίωμα. 240 23. Peculiarity. Lat. proprietas. Cp. Long. p. 278, D.H. p. 193.

ἰδιώτης. 124 2, 272 19. Amateur, uncultivated. Lat. imperitus. Idiots long bore this meaning of ‘ordinary persons’ in English: cp. Jeremy Taylor, “humility is a duty in great ones as well as in idiots.”

ἰθυφάλλιον. 86 8. Ithyphallic poem. Lat. carmen ithyphallicum. A poem composed in the measure of the hymns to Priapus. Cp. Masqueray Abriss der griechischen Metrik pp. 191, 192.

ἰσομεγέθης. 270 16. Equal in size. Lat. par magnitudine.

ἱστορία. 214 1. History. Lat. historia. So ἱστορικός, suited to narrative, 90 6. In 66 14 ἱστορία = inquiry, investigation.

ἰσχυρός. 162 23, 210 17, 216 16. Strong, vigorous. Lat. firmus, robustus. In 216 16 there may be some sense of nerveux.—ἰσχύς occurs in 68 19, 72 19, etc.; ῥώμη in 84 13; κράτος in 72 14.

Ἰωνικός. 86 14. Ionic. Lat. Ionicus. The Ionic tetrameter is meant. Cp. Masqueray, op. cit. pp. 137 ff.

καθαρός. 68 4, 74 18, 230 14. Pure. Lat. purus. For Greek and Latin authors as conscious purists, cp. Terence’s “in hac est pura oratio,” or Dionysius’ τὸ καθαρεύειν τὴν διάλεκτον (de Lysia c. 2). See C. N. Smiley’s dissertation on Latinitas and Ἑλληνισμός, and L. Laurand’s Études sur le style des discours de Cicéron pp. 19 ff. (the section headed “Pureté de la langue”).

καθολικός. 134 2. General. Lat. universalis.

καινότης. 232 20. Novelty. Lat. novitas. Used in a condemnatory sense: ‘innovation,’ ‘singularity,’ ‘eccentricity.’

καινοτομεῖν. 254 23. To break new ground. Lat. novare. It is a mining metaphor—from the opening of a new vein. Cp. de Thucyd. c. 2.

καινουργεῖν. 200 18. To introduce new features. Lat. novitati studere.

καιρός. 132 15, 20, 21. Sense of measure, tact, taste. See S. H. Butcher’s Harvard Lectures on Greek Subjects, pp. 117-120, for καιρός as a word without any single or precise equivalent in any other language. Cp. εὔκαιρος 134 18, 196 25; εὐκαίρως 132 3; εὐκαιρία 242 3.

κακόφωνος. 132 1, 164 11. Ill-sounding. Lat. male sonans. Cp. Demetr. p. 286.

καλλιεπής. 180 3. Choice in diction. Lat. suaviloquens. It is the word used of Agathon in Aristoph. Thesm. 49 (Classical Review xviii. 20). Cp. D.H. p. 193, with the passages there quoted: to which may be added Plato Apol. 17 B κεκαλλιεπημένους λόγους, and (for ἔπος only) Thucyd. iii. 67 λόγοι ἔπεσι κοσμηθέντες and ii. 41 ὅστις ἔπεσι μὲν τὸ αὐτίκα τέρψει.

καλλιλογία. 164 20, 166 12. Elegant language. Lat. venusta elocutio. So καλλιλογεῖν of ‘verbal embellishment,’ 80 12.

καλλιρήμων. 74 18, 166 7. Couched in elegant phrase. Lat. elegantibus ornatus verbis.

κάλλος. 78 19, 84 10, 94 2, 160 13, 172 16, 182 5, 256 5. Beauty (of language). Lat. pulchritude. Cp. Aristot. Rhet. iii. 2. 13.

καλός. 118 23, 120 22, 136 8, 160 13, 14, 178 15, passim. Beautiful. Lat. pulcher. The word is inadequately translated by ‘beautiful’; and ‘fine’ has unfortunate associations of its own, especially in relation to writing. ‘Noble’ would often be nearer the mark, but that rendering is needed for γενναῖος and εὐγενής (cp. 136 13, 178 15, etc.). In English we lack a single word to denote that noble beauty which is sometimes seen in a human face, and which suggests an ultimate harmony of things. The meaning of καλός, as distinguished from ἡδύς (in reference to composition), may be gathered from such passages as 68 5 (τῷ σεμνῷ τὸ ἡδύ) and 120 22-24 (see under ἡδονή, p. 302 supra). The antithesis is not, as has sometimes been thought, that of pleasure to the ear and beauty to the mind. In this treatise Dionysius is dealing not with subject matter (ὁ πραγματικὸς τόπος) but with expression, and that chiefly from the euphonic point of view. καλός includes certain forms of pleasure—of the ear as well as of the mind: cp. Aristot. Rhet. iii. 1405 b and Demetr. de Eloc. § 177 ὡρίσατο δ’ αὐτὰ (καλὰ ὀνόματα) Θεόφραστος οὕτως· κάλλος ὀνόματός ἐστι τὸ πρὸς τὴν ἀκοὴν ἢ πρὸς τὴν ὄψιν ἡδύ, ἢ τὸ τῇ διανοίᾳ ἔντιμον. Cp., further, gravitas)(suavitas, Cic. Or. §§ 62, 182; honestus)(iucundus, Quintil. ix. 4. 146; ἡδεῖαν καὶ μεγαλοπρεπῆ Aristot. Rhet. iii. 12.

κατακεκλασμένος. 184 17. Broken, nerveless. Lat. fractus, mollis. Fr. faible, maigre, rompu. Cp. κατακλωμένους, 262 12, where Dionysius seems to indicate the broken (but by no means nerveless) foot

– ᴗ – – (τοσαύ)την ὑπάρξαι.

So Long. de Subl. xli. 1 μικροποιοῦν δ’ οὐδὲν οὕτως ἐν τοῖς ὑψηλοῖς, ὡς ῥυθμὸς κεκλασμένος λόγων καὶ σεσοβημένος, οἷον δὴ πυρρίχιοι καὶ τροχαῖοι καὶ διχόρειοι, τέλεον εἰς ὀρχηστικὸν συνεκπίπτοντες. Cp. Demetr. p. 287.

καταλαμβάνειν. 230 4, 12. To check. Lat. cohibere, premere. Usener’s insertion of σιωπῇ in 230 12 is perhaps unnecessary. Herod. v. 21 ὁ τῶν Περσέων θάνατος οὕτω καταλαμφθεὶς ἐσιγήθη (i.e. “Persarum caedes ita silentio compressa est”) does not decide the point.

κατάληξις. 178 20, 184 9, 258 13. Final syllable. Lat. syllaba terminalis. With 178 20 cp. 178 13 καὶ συλλαβὴν ὑφ’ ἧς τελειοῦται τὸ κῶλον. See also Long. de Subl. xli. 2 τὰς ὀφειλομένας καταλήξεις, and Demetr. p. 287 (s.v. καταληκτικός).

κατάλογος. 168 1. Catalogue. Lat. enumeratio. The Homeric ‘Catalogue’ (in Il. ii.) is meant.

καταμετρεῖν. 174 24, 182 16. To measure. Lat. emetiri. Cp. de Demosth. c. 39.

καταπυκνοῦν. 162 4, 16. To pack. Lat. stipare. Fr. charger.

κατασκευή. 70 4, 156 13, 160 19, 164 12. Artistic treatment. Lat. ornatus. The Latin apparatus, and French apprêt, will also give something of the meaning. Cp. κατασκευάζειν 106 3, 140 9, 154 3, 14, 17, 158 1, 4, etc. See also D.H. p. 194, under κατασκευή (with the passages there quoted) and κατασκευάζειν.

κατασπᾶν. 204 24. To pull down. Lat. detrahere. Cp. the use of κατεσπευσμένα and κατεσπεῦσθαι in Long. de Subl. xix. 2, xl. 4. [It is possible that κατεσπεῦσθαι should be read in C.V. 204 24.]

κατάστασις. 200 8. State. Lat. condicio.

καταφορά. 204 19. Downrush. Lat. decursus.

καταχλευάζειν. 264 9. To jeer. Lat. cavillari, irridere.

κατάχρησις. 78 16. Catachresis. Lat. abusio. A definition is given by Quintil. viii. 6. 34 “eo magis necessaria κατάχρησις, quam recte dicimus abusionem, quae non habentibus nomen suum accommodat, quod in proximo est: sic Equum divina Palladis arte Aedificant.” Cp. Cic. Orat. 27. 94, where the same Latin equivalent is given, though not the same description of the figure: “Aristoteles autem translationi et haec ipsa subiungit et abusionem, quam κατάχρησιν vocant, ut cum minutum dicimus animum pro parvo, et abutimur verbis propinquis, si opus est, vel quod delectat vel quod decet” (cp. Auct. ad Her. iv. c. 33). In Cic. Acad. ii. 47. 143, “Quid ergo Academici appellamur? an abutimur gloria nominis?” the meaning probably is: ‘do we use the glorious name of ‘Academic’ in an unnatural way?’

κατεσπουδασμένος. 156 7. Earnest. Lat. anxius, instans. Cp. Herod. ii. 174.

κεραννύναι. 218 7, 240 17, 246 12, 248 17, etc. To mix, to temper. Lat. commiscere, temperare. Cp. the adjectives εὔκρατος and εὐκέραστος, p. 301 supra. The general sense in 248 17 is, ‘qui aient su mieux qu’eux faire un heureux mélange des couleurs.’

κερατοειδής. 146 12. Sounding like a horn. Lat. sonus veluti corneus. κερατοειδεῖς ἤχους = ‘sounds like (the sounds of) a horn’: cp. Hymn. Hom. in Merc. 81 μυρσινοειδέας ὄζους, ‘branches like (the branches of) myrtle.’

κεφάλαιον. 68 18, 120 25, 130 14, 136 7, 160 8. Heading, topic, sum and substance. Lat. caput, summa. So κεφαλαιωδῶς, 112 21, under heads.

κηλεῖν. 124 13. To charm. Lat. permulcere.

κινεῖν. 146 8, 194 12. To excite, to disturb. Lat. movere. So κίνησις, movement, 124 8, 160 3, 244 20; and κινητικός, 158 12.

κλέπτειν. 196 17. To cheat, to disguise. Lat. dissimulare, obtegere. Cp. Demetr. p. 288.

κοινός. 120 13, 122 14, 148 14, 164 22, 200 7, 210 1 (according to one reading), 236 11, 252 28. Common, mixed, general. Lat. communis. For the meaning ‘in general terms’ cp. de Dinarcho c. 8 λέγω δὲ ταῦτα οὐκ ἐν τῷ καθόλου τρόπῳ, ὡς μηδὲν τούτων κατορθοῦντος, ἀλλ’ ἐν τῷ κοινοτέρῳ καὶ ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολύ.

κολακικός. 236 9. Alluring. Lat. blandus.

κόμμα. 270 15, 276 2. Short clause, phrase. Lat. incisum (Cic. Orat. 62. 211; Quintil. ix. 4. 22). Fr. incise. Cp. Demetr. p. 288; Quintil, ix. 4. 122 “incisum (quantum mea fert opinio) erit sensus non expleto numero conclusus, plerisque pars membri”; C.V. 270 15 κόμματα ... βραχύτερα κώλων. So κομμάτιον 274 14, 276 6. [The terms comma, colon, and period are now specially applied to punctuation.] For illustrations of κῶλα and κόμματα drawn from Cicero see Laurand’s Études p. 128. In de Demosth. c. 39 the adjective κομματικῶς is found: ἀποιήτως δέ πως καὶ ἀφελῶς καὶ τὰ πλείω κομματικῶς (i.e. per brevia commata et incisa) κατεσκευάσθαι βούλεται.

κόπτειν. 132 4, 198 7. To smite upon, to weary. Lat. obtundere. Used in reference to the ear, when it receives ‘hammer-strokes of sound.’

κόρος. 124 18, 132 11, 192 18, 196 18, 252 25. Satiety. Lat. satietas (Cic. Orat. 65. 219). In using this word Dionysius often has in mind Pindar Nem. vii. 52 (κόρον δ’ ἔχει καὶ μέλι καὶ τὰ τέρπν’ ἄνθε’ ἀφροδίσια): a passage which he quotes in Ep. ad Pomp. c. 3.

κορυφή. 248 4. Top, head. Lat. caput. Cp. κορυφαῖος (headman) and ἀκόρυφος ( 230 31).

κορωνίς. 94 4. Colophon, finis. Lat. coronis. μέχρι κορωνίδος διελθεῖν = ‘usque ad calcem perlegere,’ ‘from title to colophon.’

κρᾶσις. 130 25, 154 10, 220 12. A mixing, blending. Lat. mistura.

κράτιστος. 70 1, 120 18, 134 20, 142 5, 150 10, 160 5, 162 3, 15, 176 15, 196 10, 206 21, 214 16, 250 16, 260 21. Strongest, finest, best. Lat. fortissimus, optimus. It is not always easy to determine in these passages whether the meaning is general or special. But in 162 3 κρατίστοις is opposed to μαλακωτάτοις. When he wishes to be quite explicit, Dionysius can use ἰσχυρός ( 162 23), or βέλτιστος.

κράτος. 70 5, 72 14, etc. Force, power. Lat. vis, robur.

κρητικός. 174 11, 260 23, 262 9. Cretic. The metrical foot – ᴗ –. For the cretic foot cp. Cic. de Orat. iii. 47. 183 and Or. 64. 218; Quintil. ix. 4. 81, 97, 104, 107. In the Epitome c. 17 the equivalent term ἀμφίμακρος is used instead of κρητικός. For the excessive use in prose of the cretic (as, indeed, of any other distinctly metrical) rhythm cp. Walter C. Summers in Classical Quarterly ii. 173.

κριτήριον. 250 7. Criterion. Lat. iudicium.

κροῦσις. 124 8, 144 1, 268 7. Stroke; note (of an instrument). Lat. pulsus.

κτενίζειν. 264 22. To comb. Lat. pectere. Parallel metaphors from Latin literature are quoted in Larue van Hook’s Metaphorical Terminology of Greek Rhetoric p. 23.

κυκλικός. 174 4. Cyclic. Lat. cyclicus. Goodell (Greek Metric pp. 168 ff.) points out that the much-debated question of ‘cyclic’ or ‘three-timed’ anapaests and dactyls hinges on this passage ( 174 4), together with part of c. 20 ( 204 16- 206 16). As he says (p. 175 ibid.), “It is clear that Dionysius does not regard even these irrational dactyls as three-timed merely; the nearest approach to that view is in the remark that some are not much longer than trochees. But that implies that even the briefest are somewhat longer than trochees.” Goodell also suggests (p. 181) that κυκλικός in Dionysius corresponds to στρογγύλος in a passage of Aristides Quintilianus. Clearly the elaborate structure of the ‘cyclic dactyl’ cannot stand securely upon so slight a foundation as these statements of Dionysius. See further in Goodell (op. cit.), and also in L. Vernier Traité de métrique grecque et latine c. 14 pp. 169 ff.

κύκλος. 198 6, 212 14, 246 3. A circle, a round. Lat. orbis, ambitus.

κύριος. 84 5, 208 24, 246 11. Accredited, regular, proper. Lat. proprius. Fr. propre (in le mot propre). Cp. D.H. p. 195, Demetr. p. 289; and (in addition to the passages there quoted) Quintil. i. 5. 71 “propria sunt verba, cum id significant, in quod primo denominata sunt: translata, cum alium natura intellectum, alium loco praebent.” The meaning ‘proper,’ ‘literal,’ is well illustrated by 208 24, where κυρίοις (‘used in the ordinary sense’) is opposed to μεταφορικοῖς.

κῶλον. 72 6, 9, 104 9, 110 10, 176 2, 178 6, 7, 194 13, 22, 218 18, 230 16, 234 20, 21, 276 2, 6, 14, 278 6, etc., passim. Member, clause, group of words. Lat. membrum. Fr. membre de phrase. Cp. Demetr. p. 289, and Aristot. Rhet. iii. 9. 5 κῶλον δ’ ἐστὶν τὸ ἕτερον μόριον ταύτης [sc. περιόδου], Quintil. ix. 4. 22 “membra, quae κῶλα (dicuntur),” Long, de Subl. xl. 1 ἡ τῶν μελῶν [this illustrates the metaphor in κῶλον] ἐπισύνθεσις. For the length of the κῶλον cp. Sandys’ Orator of Cicero p. 222 and Laurand’s Études pp. 127-9; and see, generally, A. du Mesnil Über die rhetorischen Kunstformen, Komma, Kolon, Periode.

κωμῳδεῖν. 264 9. To scoff. Lat. iocari, illudere.

λαμβάνειν. 100 26, 104 17, 20, 106 18, 19, 108 2, 5, 8, passim. To take, to employ. Lat. sumere, adhibere.

λεαίνειν. 130 19, 164 12. To smooth, to fall softly on. Lat. polire, mulcere.

λεῖος. 132 1, 154 12, 162 23, 222 5, 228 4, 234 14. Smooth. Lat. levis. So λειότης (douceur) 240 6. Cp. Demetr. de Eloc. § 176 παρὰ δὲ τοῖς μουσικοῖς λέγεταί τι ὄνομα λεῖον, καὶ ἕτερον τὸ τραχύ, καὶ ἄλλο εὐπαγές, καὶ ἄλλ’ ὀγκηρόν. λεῖον μὲν οὖν ἐστιν ὄνομα τὸ διὰ φωνηέντων ἢ πάντων ἢ διὰ πλειόνων, οἷον Αἴας, τραχὺ δὲ οἷον βέβρωκεν.

λεκτικός. 66 7, 96 9. Relating to style or expression. Lat. qui ad elocutionem spectat. ὁ λεκτικὸς τόπος = the province of expression, as distinguished from ὁ πραγματικὸς τόπος.—λεκτικῶς, 258 3, = after the manner of prose.

λέξις. 66 16, 70 3, 11, 14, 74 3, 8, 84 15 (‘passages’), 88 22, 25, 90 4, 110 9, 112 6, passim. Speech or language; utterance; diction; style; word, expression, passage. Lat. dictio, elocutio, verbum s. locutio. For the broad meaning ‘word’ or ‘phrase,’ common in Greek writers of the later periods, cp. 66 16, 124 23, 128 5, 168 10, 202 22, 206 6, 268 19.

λῆρος. 90 20. Trumpery. Lat. ineptiae. Cp. de Demosth. c. 25 καὶ διὰ τῶν λήρων τούτων κοσμεῖ τὴν φράσιν.

λιτός. 76 8. Trifling. Lat. exiguus, humilis. For λιτός = plain, simple, cp. Aristot. Rhet. iii. 16 ποικίλος καὶ οὐ λιτός.

λογάδην. 210 21. Casually. Lat. fortuito. Dionysius has in mind not selected stones, but stones collected (picked up) as they lie. Cp. Joseph. Antiqq. Iud. iv. 8. 5 (Naber) καὶ βωμὸς εἷς ἐκ λίθων μὴ κατειργασμένων ἀλλὰ λογάδην συγκειμένων (i.e. collecticiis), and Thucyd. iv. 31 καὶ γάρ τι καὶ ἔρυμα αὐτόθι ἦν παλαιὸν λίθων λογάδην πεποιημένον, vi. 66 καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ Δάσκωνι ἔρυμά τι, ᾗ εὐεφοδώτατον ἦν τοῖς πολεμίοις, λίθοις λογάδην καὶ ξύλοις διὰ ταχέων ὤρθωσαν.

λογικός. 146 14. Rational. Lat. rationalis. This passage (θηριώδους γὰρ καὶ ἀλόγου μᾶλλον ἢ λογικῆς ἐφάπτεσθαι δοκεῖ φωνῆς ὁ συριγμός) helps to illustrate the use of λογικός in 130 3 (δεδειγμένης τῆς διαφορᾶς ᾗ διαφέρει μουσικὴ λογικῆς), where singing and ordinary speech (the sounds of music and those of spoken language) are contrasted.

λογογράφος. 158 1. Prose-writer. Lat. solutae orationis scriptor. So perhaps Aristot. Rhet. ii. 11 καὶ ὧν ἔπαινοι καὶ ἐγκώμια λέγονται ἢ ὑπὸ ποιητῶν ἢ λογογράφων, and Thucyd. i. 21 καὶ οὔτε ὡς ποιηταὶ ὑμνήκασι ... οὔτε ὡς λογογράφοι ξυνέθεσαν κτλ.: though in both these passages ‘chroniclers’ may be specially meant. For the meaning ‘professional speech-writer’ cp. Aristot. Rhet. iii. 12. 2. In C.V. 154 17 συγγραφέων is found in the same sense (‘prose-writers’) as λογογράφοι in 158 1.

λογοείδεια. 272 15. Prose-character. Lat. color prosaicus. Fr. la couleur prosaïque. The word is well explained and illustrated by a scholiast on Hephaestion (Westphal Scriptores Metrici Graeci i. 167): πολιτικὸν δέ ἐστι τὸ ἄνευ πάθους ἢ τρόπου πεποιημένον, οἷον

ἵππους τε ξανθὰς ἑκατὸν καὶ πεντήκοντα [Il. xi. 680],

ὅπερ ταὐτόν ἐστι τῷ λογοειδεῖ.—In Demetr. de Eloc. § 41 τὸ λογικόν is found in the same sense.

λόγος. 64 13, 66 5, 8, 70 10, 72 7, 10, 14, 74 6, 76 2, 84 14, 16, 92 23, 94 2, passim. Discourse, language. Lat. oratio, sermo. Often used of prose, as opposed to poetry: cp. 84 14, 16, 108 11 (λόγοις πεζοῖς), 118 22, 154 2 (λόγοις ψιλοῖς), 166 4, 208 6, 270 17, 272 9, 13, 17, 19, 28, 278 6, 9 (where the meaning probably is ‘a piece of continuous prose’), 280 18; so καὶ ἐν ποιήσει καὶ ἐν λόγοις (Aristot. Rhet. iii. 2. 7; further references in Bonitz’ Index Aristotelicus p. 433). In many passages (e.g. 66 5, 210 8, 218 1, 248 4) ‘writing’ or ‘literature’ (cp. ἡ τῶν λόγων φιλοσοφία = ‘the study of literature,’ Rhet. ad Alex. c. 1) will be a possible modern equivalent, though we must always bear in mind the Greek point of view, that what we call ‘literature’ was something conveyed by the living voice,—something spoken or read aloud.—See also s.v. ἄμετρος p. 287 supra.

Λύδιος. 196 2. Lydian. Lat. Lydius. Cp. Monro’s Modes of Ancient Greek Music, passim.

μαλακός. 132 1, 154 11, 162 3, etc. Soft. Lat. mollis. So μαλθακός 90 20. In some passages ( 90 20, 170 9) the word suggests the idea of ‘lacking in backbone,’ ‘unmanly,’ ‘effeminate.’ Fr. délicat, or (rather) mou.

μεγαλοπρεπής. 136 12, 166 2, 18, etc. Grand, impressive, splendid. Lat. magnificus. Fr. magnifique. So μεγαλοπρέπεια (la grandeur), 120 22, 164 20.

μέγεθος. 172 11, 174 19. Grandeur, elevation. Lat. magnitudo, sublimitas. Fr. ampleur. Cp. Demetr. p. 292.

μεθαρμόζειν. 112 2. To arrange differently, to re-arrange. Lat. aliter componere.

μειοῦν. 128 18, 152 20. To lessen, to curtail. Lat. minuere. Fr. retrancher. So μείωσις 110 15. The word does not, in the C.V., bear the special sense of extenuare.

μελικός. 130 7, 252 21, 254 21, 278 4. Melodious, lyric. Lat. lyricus. In English ‘lyric’ is a more generally intelligible rendering than ‘melic,’ though less exact. “To the writers of the Alexandrian age, who introduced and gave currency to the expression, ‘lyric’ meant primarily what the name imports—poetry sung to the accompaniment of the lyre.... More appropriate than ‘lyric,’ as an exact and comprehensive designation of all poetry that was sung to a musical accompaniment, is ‘melic,’ the term in vogue among the Greeks of the classic ages,” Weir Smyth Greek Melic Poets pp. xvii, xviii. Apparently the adjectives μελικός and λυρικός are both late.

μελιχρός. 70 2. Honey-sweet. Lat. mellitus. Cp. de Demosth. c. 48 ἔν τε ταῖς μεταβολαῖς τοτὲ μὲν τὸ ἀρχαιοπρεπὲς καὶ αὐστηρόν, τοτὲ δὲ τὸ μελιχρὸν καὶ φιλόκαινον ἐμφαινόμενον.

μέλος. 204 3, limb: 122 24, 126 21 (bis), 194 7, 13, tune, melody: 120 18, 122 11, 130 4, 11, melodious effect, tunefulness: 92 22, 120 26, 126 23, 154 2, 192 21, 194 5, 250 11, 16, 254 5, 8, 15, 272 10, 278 6, 280 18, words set to music, song, aria, chant, lay, lyric. Lat. cantus, carmen, etc. Similarly also μελοποιία 214 3: μελοποιός 194 18, 236 16, 22, 248 13, 270 22, 272 5: μελῳδεῖν 126 18, 128 5: μελῳδία 122 16, 194 8, 196 2.

μερίζειν. 144 22, 220 25. To divide. Lat. distribuere.

μέρος. 68 6, 70 14, 96 1, etc. Part. Lat. pars. τὰ τῆς λέξεως μέρη = ‘the parts of speech,’ 70 14, 96 14, etc. See also μόριον, p. 311.

μέσος. 148 18, 150 11, 210 6, 7, 8, 236 2, 246 10. Middle, intermediate, average. Lat. medius. So μέσως 146 10, and μεσότης 246 15 (bis) (with reference to Aristotle’s use of the word for le juste milieu), 248 11.

μεταβάλλειν. 194 1, 2. To change, to vary. Lat. mutare. As its passive, μετακειμένην 266 1.

μεταβολή. 120 19, 122 12, 124 11, 25, 134 18, 19. Variety. Lat. varietas, diversitas. The object of μεταβολή, as conceived by Dionysius, is to diversify style in order to avoid a monotonous uniformity. Variety is one of the chief essentials of good writing, not only in Greek but in all other languages.

μεταλαμβάνειν. 132 7. To interchange. Lat. commutare.

μεταπτωτικός. 140 20. Variable. Lat. mutabilis. So μεταπίπτειν 96 17, 250 7.

μετασκευή. 104 19, 108 9, 110 16 (e coni. Schaef.), 114 10. Modification. Lat. mutatio. So μετασκευάζειν 110 6. Cp. text in 110 16 with 104 19, 108 9.

μεταφορά. 78 15. Transference, metaphor. “The figure of transport,” Puttenham. Lat. translatio.

μετέωρος. 148 23. Upper. Lat. superior (τοὺς μετεώρους ὀδόντας = dentes superiores).

μετοχή. 72 1. Participle. Lat. participium. Cp. D.H. p. 196.

μετρικός. 140 11, 172 2, 174 22, 176 7, 218 19. Metrical. Lat. metricus. 172 2 and 174 22 οἱ μετρικοί = ‘the metrists,’ ‘the theorists on metre’: cp. οἱ ῥυθμικοί 172 20.

μέτριος. 132 8, 150 9, 214 12, 222 26, 230 22, 234 22, 246 13. Moderate, fair. Lat. aequus.

μέτρον. 74 5, 84 16, 88 6, 8, 92 22, 118 22, 120 26, 172 17, passim. Measure, metre, verse, line. Lat. metrum, versus. In Aristot. Poet. iv. 7 metres are described as sections of rhythm (τὰ γὰρ μέτρα ὅτι μόρια τῶν ῥυθμῶν ἐστι φανερόν): that is, they are ‘measures,’ or ‘verses’; ‘parts of rhythm,’ which is indefinite and never comes to an end—μέτρον being rhythm cut, as it were, into definite lengths (Cope Introduction to Aristotle’s Rhetoric p. 387). When contrasted with μέλη (cp. Plato Gorg. 502 C τό τε μέλος—‘the music’—καὶ τὸν ῥυθμὸν καὶ τὸ μέτρον), μέτρα seems to denote the non-lyrical metres generally (hexameters, iambic trimeters, etc.): see 92 22, 120 26, 192 21, and especially 270 18-23.

μῆκος. 150 22, 154 6, 204 2, 224 15, 264 4. Length. Lat. longitudo. So μηκύνειν (to lengthen) 132 7, 152 24, 224 8, 13, 246 8. In 246 8 (and also in 276 9, where P gives μηκύνειν and MV give μηκύνειν τὸν λόγον) μηκύνειν is used absolutely (= μακρηγορεῖν: cp. Aristoph. Lys. 1131 πόσους εἴποιμ’ ἂν ἄλλους, εἴ με μηκύνειν δέοι;). In 132 7 the meaning is ‘to prolong, or continue, in the same case with similar terminations’: just as Dionysius himself, inadvertently no doubt, repeats -ων in 132 9, 10.

μῖγμα. 208 18. Mixture, blend. Lat. mistura. Cp. μῖξις 130 25, 166 9; and also D.H. p. 197. It is possible that Dionysius may have written μεῖγμα, as in earlier Greek: in Ep. ad Pomp. c. 2 it is to be noticed that the manuscripts give δεῖγμα, where the sense clearly calls for μεῖγμα.

μικρόκομψος. 90 20. Affected, finical. Lat. bellulus.

μικρολογία. 266 11. Trifling, pettiness. Lat. rerum minutarum cura. In Theophrastus’ Characters the word is used of attention to trifles on the part of the mean or parsimonious man. Cp. also Demetr. p. 293, s.v. μικρολογεῖν.

μικρόφωνος. 142 9. Small-voiced, non-resonant. Lat. qui vocem habet exiguam, sonum exiliorem.

μίμημα. 160 2. Imitation. Lat. imitamentum. [F.’s reading here is μηνύματα, ‘expressions which indicate’: cp. de Demosth. c. 51 init.]

μιμητικός. 158 4, 11, 200 11. Imitative. Lat. ad imitandum aptus. So μιμητικῶς 202 1.

μνημεῖον. 266 7. Memorial. Lat. monumentum.

μολοττός. 172 1, 184 4. Molossus. Lat. molossus. The metrical foot – – –.

μονογράμματος. 152 20. Consisting of a single letter. Lat. qui unius est litterae.

μονόμετρος. 270 23. Consisting of one metre. Lat. monometer. Applicable to poems, like the Iliad and the Aeneid, which are written throughout in a single metre.

μονοσύλλαβος. 168 11, 202 14. Monosyllabic. Lat. monosyllabus.

μόριον. 70 10, 96 3, 98 6, 106 11, 12, passim. Part, especially part of speech. Lat. pars, pars orationis. The meaning ‘part of speech’ appears in such passages as ποῖον ὄνομα ἢ ῥῆμα ἢ τῶν ἄλλων τι μορίων ( 106 12), τὰ μόρια τοῦ λόγου ( 110 1), ἓν μόριον λόγου ( 126 7), πᾶν ὄνομα καὶ ῥῆμα καὶ ἄλλο μόριον λέξεως ( 168 10). ‘Words’ simply might serve as a rendering in many cases, except that it is usually well to preserve Dionysius’ idea of ‘words in their syntactical relations,’ ‘words in a sentence.’ In 232 18 the meaning may be ‘in every word’: so 130 7, 134 25, 220 3, 222 10, 224 11.

μοῦσα. 126 16, 252 20. Music, melody. Lat. musica concinnitas. So μουσική 124 20, 128 18; ὁ μουσικός 138 6.

μυγμός. 138 10. A moaning, muttering, murmur, humming. Lat. gemitus. Cp. Demetr. p. 294, and Aesch. Eum. 117, 120.

μύκημα. 158 13. Bellowing. Lat. mugitus.

νεαρός. 66 16, 246 5. Youthful. Lat. iuvenilis. Cp. note on μειρακιώδης in D.H. p. 196.

νήτη. 210 7. Lowest note. Lat. ima chorda. See L. & S. s.v. νεάτη.

νόημα. 66 5, 74 16, 84 6, 92 17, 112 15, 264 16. Idea. Lat. sententia. Cp. νόησις (thought, perception) 74 3, 268 9; and D.H. p. 197.

νοῦς. 212 15, 276 1, 8. Meaning. Lat. sententia. Fr. sens, pensée.

ξένος. 78 17, 252 24, 272 11. Foreign, strange, unfamiliar. Lat. peregrinus, inusitatus, arcessitus. Cp. D.H. p. 197, Demetr. p. 294, and Classical Review xviii. 20 (as to ξενικός).

οἰκεῖος. 110 13, 126 1, 134 20, 140 12, 154 19, 158 2, 168 7. Akin, appropriate, fitting. Lat. cognatus, domesticus, decorus. So οἰκείως 72 8, 118 14, 134 10: οἰκειότης 122 21, 240 7: οἰκειοῦν 122 17. If the metaphors are to be fully pressed, we might render οἰκεῖα καὶ φίλα in 110 13 by ‘to seem loving members of the same family,’ and οἰκείως in 118 14 by ‘in harmony with their inner significance.’ In 122 21 οἰκειότης is ‘a natural inclination or instinct.’ On 122 17 there is the following scholium in M: οἰκειοῦται ἀντὶ τοῦ εὐσταθῶς ἥδεται. In 126 1 τὸ οἰκεῖον (appropriateness) seems almost to stand for τὸ πρέπον and to be an illustration of Dionysius’ own love for variety. It is this unusually copious vocabulary of his that does much to relieve the dull monotony of a technical treatise. “In the works of Dionysius, the great representative of a later school of criticism [sc. than that of Aristotle], we meet for the first time a wealth of rhetorical terminology. In his numerous writings we find freely used a fully developed vocabulary, which is completely adequate for the purposes of the professional rhetorician and the broad literary critic” (Larue van Hook Metaphorical Terminology, etc. p. 8).

οἰκονομεῖν. 176 18. To manage. Lat. administrare, tractare. So οἰκονομία 264 16. Cp. Aristot. Poet. xiii. 6 καὶ ὁ Εὐριπίδης, εἰ καὶ τὰ ἄλλα μὴ εὖ οἰκονομεῖ, ἀλλὰ τραγικώτατός γε τῶν ποιητῶν φαίνεται: Long. de Subl. i. 4 καὶ τὴν τῶν πραγμάτων τάξιν καὶ οἰκονομίαν: Quintil. Inst. Or. iii. 3. 9 “oeconomiae, quae Graece appellata ex cura rerum domesticarum et hic per abusionem posita nomine Latino caret.”

ὀλιγοσύλλαβος. 132 3. Consisting of few syllables. Lat. qui paucis constat syllabis.

ὀλιγοσύνδεσμος. 212 21. Sparing in connectives. Lat. qui paucis utitur convinctionibus.

ὁμογενής. 146 10, 148 9. Of the same race or family. Lat. congener. Cp. ὁμοιογενής (of like kind) 72 24, 132 19, 156 15; also ἀνομοιογενής 132 19.

ὁμοειδής. 192 18, 198 6, 270 19. Of the same species or kind. Lat. uniformis. So ὁμοείδεια 274 1. Cp. Cic. ad Att. ii. 6 “etenim γεωγραφικά quae constitueram magnum opus est ... et hercule sunt res difficiles ad explicandum et ὁμοειδεῖς nec tam possunt ἀνθηρογραφεῖσθαι quam videbantur.”

ὁμοζυγία. 176 13, 254 17. Connexion, affinity. Lat. coniugatio.

ὁμοιοσχήμων. 270 16. Like in shape. Lat. forma consimilis.

ὁμοιότονος. 132 6. Similarly accented. Lat. qui similis est toni.

ὁμοιόχρονος. 132 6 (bis). Of like quantity. Lat. qui similia habet tempora.

ὁμότονος. 128 7. Of the same pitch or accent. Lat. eiusdem toni s. accentus.

ὁμόφωνος. 128 9. With the same note. Lat. eiusdem chordae s. soni.

ὄνομα. 66 5, 70 9, 13, 20, 74 12, 84 6 passim. Word, noun. Lat. vocabulum, nomen. In 168 10, 264 5, etc., the meaning is ‘noun’; in 264 3, etc., ‘word.’

ὀνομασία. 74 17, 234 5, 252 23, 274 2. Wording, naming, language. Lat. elocutio, appellatio. Cp. Rhet. ad Alex. c. 27 ἀντίθετον μὲν οὖν ἐστι τὸ ἐναντίαν τὴν ὀνομασίαν ἅμα καὶ τὴν δύναμιν τοῖς ἀντικειμένοις ἔχον, ἢ τὸ ἕτερον τούτων: Aristot. Poet. vi. 18 λέγω δέ, ὥσπερ πρότερον εἴρηται, λέξιν εἶναι τὴν διὰ τῆς ὀνομασίας ἑρμηνείαν: Dionys. Hal. de Demosth. cc. 18, 34, 40: Demetr. de Eloc. §§ 91, 304.

ὀνοματικά, τά. 70 18, 102 16, 17, 132 7. Nouns substantive. Lat. nomina substantiva.

ὀξύς. 126 5, 8, 10, 128 6, 8. Acute (accent), high (pitch). Lat. acutus. So ὀξύτης 126 14. Cp. s.v. βαρύς, p. 292 supra. In Aristot. Poet. c. 20 ὀξύτητι καὶ βαρύτητι καὶ τῷ μέσῳ = ‘according as they [the letters] are acute, grave, or of an intermediate tone.’

ὀξύτονος. 128 9. With high pitch or acute accent. Lat. qui acutum tonum s. accentum habet.

ὅρασις. 118 24. Seeing, the act of sight. Lat. visus.

ὄργανον. 122 25, 124 4, 22. Musical instrument. Lat. instrumentum. So the adjective ὀργανικός (instrumental) in 124 16, 126 16.

ὀρθός. 106 19. Nominative. Lat. rectus (casus): viz. ‘uninflected.’ In 102 19 ‘primary,’ as opposed to ‘secondary’; in 108 3 ‘active,’ as opposed to ‘passive.’ In 258 25 and 262 5 the meaning is ‘correct’; in 90 6 perhaps ‘tense’ (see the exx. given in L. & S. under the heading ‘excited’), the opposite of ὕπτιος (supinus).

ὁρίζειν. 132 22, 166 1, 234 21. To define, to limit. Lat. definire.

ὅρος. 182 13, 200 25, 210 5. Standard, condition, boundary. Lat. regula, condicio, finis. With the sense norma et regula in 182 13 cp. Long. de Subl. xxxii. 1 ὁ γὰρ Δημοσθένης ὅρος καὶ τῶν τοιούτων, Dionys. H. de Demosth. c. 1 ἧς (λέξεως) ὅρος καὶ κανὼν ὁ Θουκυδίδης.

οὐδέτερος. 106 21. Neuter. Lat. qui neutri generis est. Cp. D.H. p. 198.

οὐρανός. 142 12, 144 19, 150 6, 220 23. Palate. Lat. palatum. In the margin of R (with reference to 142 12) there is the note: τὴν ὑπερῴαν φησίν. This sense of οὐρανός is found several times in Aristotle (see Bonitz’ Index), and not (as has sometimes been supposed) for the first time in Dionysius. Cp. the converse caeli palatum in Ennius apud Cic. de Nat. Deor. ii. 18. 48 “sed dum, palato quid sit optimum, iudicat [Epicurus], caeli palatum (ut ait Ennius) non suspexit.”

οὐσία. 98 8. Substance, essence. Lat. substantia.

ὄχλησις. 132 17. Annoyance, disgust. Lat. molestia.

ὄψις. 162 1, 14, 234 9. Appearance, visage. Lat. vultus, aspectus.

πάθος. 66 15, 88 12, 110 23, 112 5, 122 15, passim. Feeling, experience, emotion, affection, passion. Lat. affectus (Quintil. vi. 2. 8), animi motus (Cic. de Or. i. 5. 17), perturbatio (id. Tusc. iv. 5. 10). Cp. D.H. pp. 198, 199.—In 154 5, 268 18 πάθη = ‘properties,’ ‘modifications,’ ‘differences.’

παιάν. 184 3, 260 23, 262 9. Paeon. Lat. paeon. The metrical foot so called, consisting of three short syllables and one long in four possible orders—(1) –ᴗᴗᴗ, (2) ᴗ–ᴗᴗ, (3) ᴗᴗ–ᴗ, (4) ᴗᴗᴗ–. These four varieties are sometimes called the first, second, third, and fourth paeon respectively. Cp. Aristot. Rhet. iii. 8. 4-6, Cic. de Orat. iii. 47. 183, Quintil. ix. 4. 47; and see Demetr. p. 296, s.v. παιών. Demetrius (§§ 38, 39) refers to two varieties only: cp. the note on 182 22 supra.

παιδεία. 64 11, 262 20. Culture. Lat. doctrina, humanitas.

πανηγυρικός. 228 7, 246 7. Festal, panegyrical. Lat. panegyricus. With the notion of ornate: cp. de Demosth. c. 8 (διάλεκτον) μεγαλοπρεπῆ λιτήν, περιττὴν ἀπέριττον, ἐξηλλαγμένην συνήθη, πανηγυρικὴν ἀληθινήν, αὐστηρὰν ἱλαράν, σύντονον ἀνειμένην, ἡδεῖαν πικράν, ἠθικὴν παθητικήν.

παραβολή. 232 15. Meeting, juxtaposition. Lat. concursus.

παράγγελμα. 270 3, 282 2, 7. Rule, precept. Lat. artis praeceptum. Cp. Long. de Subl. c. 2 τεχνικὰ παραγγέλματα, c. 6 ὡς εἰπεῖν ἐν παραγγέλματι (‘if I must speak in the way of precept’). So παραγγέλλειν 132 16, 268 11 (cp. de Lysia c. 24 ταῦτα μὲν δὴ παραγγέλλουσι ποιεῖν οἱ τεχνογράφοι), and παραγγελματικός 214 9 (= plenus praeceptis, doctrinis, regulis).

παράδειγμα. 92 5, 136 2, 152 3, 214 6, 232 23, 240 24, etc. Instance. Lat. exemplum. τὰ παραδείγματα is often used of appropriate (perhaps customary, or stock) examples: cp. de Isocr. cc. 10, 15, de Demosth. cc. 13 (middle), 53, and contrast de Lysia c. 34 and de Demosth. cc. 13 (end), 20.

παραδιώκειν. 206 13. To hurry along. Lat. abripere. Cp. the use of συνδεδιωγμένον in Long. de Subl. c. 21, and of κατεσπευσμένα c. 19 ibid.—Usener adopts, in this passage, his own conjecture παραμεμιγμένας.

παράθεσις. 130 25, 154 11, 166 9, etc. Placing. Lat. collocatio.

παρακεκινδυνευμένος. 234 16. Daring, bold, venturesome. Lat. audax (as in Hor. Carm. iv. 2. 10). Fr. aventuré. Cp. Aristoph. Ran. 99 τοιουτονί τι παρακεκινδυνευμένον, | αἰθέρα Διὸς δωμάτιον, ἢ χρόνου πόδα: and see s.v. ἐπικίνδυνος p. 299 supra. The word is used also in de Lys. c. 13, de Isocr. c. 13, Ep. ad Pomp. c. 2.

παρακολουθεῖν. 108 6, 130 26, 136 12. To accompany. Lat. accidere, consequi.

παραλαμβάνειν. 144 14, 172 12, 260 2, 264 14. To introduce, to employ. Lat. assumere, adhibere.

παραλλαγή. 152 8, 15, 22. Divergence. Lat. discrimen, permutatio.

παραπλήρωμα. 116 3, 166 17. Supplement, expletive. Lat. explementum, complementum. Cp. Cic. Or. 69. 230 “apud alios autem et Asiaticos maxime numero servientes inculcata reperias inania quaedam verba quasi complementa numerorum”; and also Demetr. p. 296, s.v. παραπληρωματικός. The word occurs elsewhere in Dionysius: de Isocr. c. 3, de Demosth. cc. 19, 39.

παρατιθέναι. 104 1. To bring forward, to cite. Lat. apponere, in medium adducere.

παραυξάνειν (παραύξειν). 128 19, 152 18. To lengthen, to augment. Lat. augere.

παρέκτασις. 154 21. Prolongation. Lat. extensio.

παρεμφαίνειν. 108 5. To hint at, to indicate. Lat. obiter indicare. Cp. Demetr. p. 297.

παρεμφατικός. 102 20. Indicative. Lat. indicativus. Cp. ἀπαρέμφατος p. 289 supra.

παρέργως. 100 25. By the way, cursorily. Lat. obiter.

παρθενωπός. 234 15. Of maiden aspect. Lat. qui virgineo vultu est. The word seems to occur elsewhere only in Eurip. El. 948 ἀλλ’ ἔμοιγ’ εἴη πόσις | μὴ παρθενωπός, ἀλλὰ τἀνδρείου τρόπου [Gilbert Murray: “Ah, that girl-like face! | God grant not that, not that, but some plain grace | Of manhood to the man who brings me love”]. Cp. Cic. Orat. 19. 64 “nihil iratum habet [oratio philosophorum], nihil invidum, nihil atrox, nihil miserabile, nihil astutum; casta, verecunda, virgo incorrupta quodam modo.”

πάρισος. 116 8, 212 7, 246 6. Parallel in structure. Lat. qui constat similibus membris. Cp. Aristot. Rhet. iii. 9. 9 παρίσωσις δ’ ἐὰν ἴσα τὰ κῶλα, παρομοίωσις δ’ ἐὰν ὅμοια τὰ ἔσχατα ἔχῃ ἑκάτερον τὸ κῶλον (where ὅμοια τὰ ἔσχατα indicates final letters that rhyme).

παριστάναι. 154 19. To represent, to describe. Lat. depingere. Cp. Long. p. 282.

παρόμοιος. 212 8, 246 6. Parallel in sound. Lat. qui constat similibus sonis.

παχύτης. 184 21. Stupidity, fat-headedness. Lat. stupor, ingenium crassum. Cp. D.H. p. 200, s.v. παχύς.

πεζός. 70 3, 76 2, 80 3, 108 11, etc. In prose, prosaic. Lat. pedester. πεζὴ λέξις, πεζὴ διάλεκτος, πεζὸς λόγος, πεζοὶ λόγοι = oratio soluta. Cp. Quintil. x. 1. 81 “multum enim supra prosam orationem et quam pedestrem Graeci vocant surgit [Plato].” In 120 27 the metaphor seems still to be strongly felt—‘marching on foot,’ ‘pedestrian.’

πειθώ. 84 11. Persuasiveness. Lat. persuadendi vis.

πεῖρα. 66 14, 102 21, 256 5, etc. Experience. Lat. experientia.

πεντάμετρος. 256 23. Consisting of five metrical feet. Lat. pentameter.

πεντάχρονος. 262 9. Consisting of five times. Lat. qui constat temporibus quinque. See s.v. χρόνοι p. 333 infra.

πεποιημένος. 78 17, 252 24. Invented, original, newly-coined. Lat. factus, novatus (Cic. de Orat. iii. 38. 154; i. 34. 155). Fr. forgé tout exprès. Cp. Aristot. Poet. xxi. 9; Demetr. p. 297; Quintil. viii. 6. 32 “vix illa, quae πεποιημένα vocant, quae ex vocibus in usum receptis quocunque modo declinantur, nobis permittimus, qualia sunt Sullaturit et proscripturit.”

περιβόητος. 180 7. Notorious, celebrated. Lat. decantatus, celebratus.

περίοδος. 72 7, 10, 104 10, 116 2, etc. Period. Lat. periodus, comprehensio, verborum ambitus, etc. See Demetr. p. 298 for various references and equivalents, and also p. 323 (Index); Sandys’ Orator p. 217; Laurand’s Études pp. 126, 128.—According to Dionysius, the period should not be used to excess [see n. on 118 15]. Another weakness of the periodic construction is elsewhere noted by him: τοῦτο δὲ [sc. τὸ παθητικὸν] ἥκιστα δέχεται περίοδος (de Isocr. c. 2).

περισπασμός. 128 10. The circumflex accent. Lat. circumflexio, accentus circumflexus. Cp. περισπωμένας 126 11: ‘drawn around,’ ‘twisted,’ ‘circumflexed.’ Aristotle denotes the circumflex accent by the term ‘middle’: ἔστιν δὲ αὐτὴ μὲν ἐν τῇ φωνῇ, πῶς αὐτῇ δεῖ χρῆσθαι πρὸς ἕκαστον πάθος, οἷον πότε μεγάλῃ καὶ πότε μικρᾷ καὶ μέσῃ, καὶ πῶς τοῖς τόνοις, οἷον ὀξείᾳ καὶ βαρείᾳ καὶ μέσῃ, καὶ ῥυθμοῖς τίσι πρὸς ἕκαστα (Aristot. Rhet. iii. 1. 4).

περιστέλλειν. 142 16. To contract, to pucker up. Lat. contrahere.

περιττός. 74 13, 84 8, 182 4, 7. Extraordinary, richly wrought; exceedingly good, unsurpassed. Lat. excellens, curiosus, elaboratus. Cp. Long. de Subl. xl. 2 (where the word is opposed to κοινὸς καὶ δημώδης), iii. 4, xxxv. 3. See also de Isocr. c. 3, de Demosth. cc. 8, 56, Ep. ad Pomp. c. 2 (περιττολογία): also Demetr. p. 298 (περισσοτεχνία).

περιφανής. 244 18. Seen on every side. Lat. conspicuus. So περιφάνεια 210 17, 234 2 (‘so that each word should admit an all-round view of it’).—PMV give περιφανές (not περιφερές) in 246 3.

περιφερής. 206 15, 230 31, 246 3. Circular, rounded. Lat. rotundus. Cp. [Dionys. Hal.] Ars Rhet. x. 13 τὰ στρογγύλα καὶ τὰ περιφερῆ λέγειν προοίμια. In Demetr. de Eloc. § 13 περιφερεῖς στέγαι = vaulted roofs.

πεφυκέναι (c. infin.). 66 16, 70 3, 104 16, etc. To have a gift for, a liking for. Lat. solere, amare.

πεφυλαγμένως. 148 1. Guardedly. Lat. caute. The word is used in the Attic period by Xenophon and Isocrates.

πιέζειν. 144 21, 148 16, 220 18, 230 12. To close tight, to compress. Lat. comprimere.

πιθανός. 98 17, 20, 100 17, 120 21. Attractive, plausible. Lat. probabilis, verisimilis.

πικρός. 232 15. Bitter, harsh. Lat. acerbus. So πικραίνειν 130 19, 154 13, 216 17.

πίνος. 120 23, 136 16, 212 24, 236 8. Mellowing deposit, tinge of antiquity, flavour of archaism. Lat. antiquitas, antiquitas impexa (Tac. Dial. c. 20), nitor obsoletus (Auct. ad Her. iv. 4. 46). There is a suggestion of négligé or abandon about the word, but on the whole it is not uncomplimentary: cp. Ep. ad Pomp. c. 2 ὅ τε πίνος ὁ τῆς ἀρχαιότητος ἠρέμα αὐτῇ καὶ λεληθότως ἐπιτρέχει, and de Demosth. c. 38 ἀλλ’ [ἵνα] ἐπανθῇ τις αὐταῖς χνοῦς ἀρχαιοπινὴς καὶ χάρις ἀβίαστος. The compound εὐπίνεια is found in Long. de Subl. xxx. 1. There is a scholium (preserved in M) on 120 23, which is, unfortunately, vague and uncertain: πῖνος κυρίως ὁ ῥύπος, ἀφ’ οὗ πιναρὰ ῥάκη. λέγεται δὲ καὶ τὸ ἐπανθοῦν τισὶ χνοῶδες ὡς ἐπὶ μήλων καὶ ἀπίων. ἀπὸ τούτου καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ λόγου τὸ ἐπιφαινόμενον αὐτῷ ἐν τῇ συνθήκῃ τῆς λέξεως ποιὸν πίνον ὀνομάζει. ἔστι δὲ πῖνος καὶ ὄνομα τόπου.

πλάγιος. 106 20. Oblique. Lat. obliquus (casus).

πλανᾶσθαι. 254 16, 270 18. To wander, to be irregular. Lat. vagari. Used in reference to vague, elastic metre. So περιπεπλανημένα μέτρα in de Demosth. c. 50.

πλάσμα. 90 6, 118 24. Cast, form. Lat. imago, forma dicendi. Cp. Ep. ad Pomp. c. 4 ὕψος δὲ καὶ κάλλος καὶ μεγαλοπρέπειαν καὶ τὸ λεγόμενον ἰδίως πλάσμα ἱστορικὸν Ἡρόδοτος ἔχει (viz. “elevation, beauty, stateliness, and what is specifically called the ‘historical vein’”); Long. de Subl. xv. 8 ποιητικὸν τοῦ λόγου καὶ μυθῶδες τὸ πλάσμα (the ‘form’). In de Demosth. c. 34 πλάσμα seems to have the same meaning as χαρακτῆρ in c. 33 ibid. [The musical meaning of moulded delivery, modulation does not emerge in the C.V.]

πλάστης. 264 2. Modeller, in clay or wax. Lat. fictor.

πλάτος. 210 9, 212 1, 246 19. Breadth. Lat. latitudo. So πλατύς 244 18. In 210 9 the meaning is, ‘belongs to the class of ideas which are regarded with a wide indefiniteness.’ So in Latin platice = πλατικῶς = ‘broadly,’ ‘generally’: cp. Usener Rhein. Mus. xxiv. 311. See also under ἀπαρτίζειν, p. 289 supra.

πλεονάζειν. 146 13, 214 12. To exceed due bounds. Lat. redundare. So πλεονασμός, redundantia, 110 15.

πληγή. 142 4, 16, 144 5. Stroke, impact. Lat. ictus, percussio.

πληθυντικῶς. 106 18. In the plural number. Lat. pluraliter.

πλοκή. 72 5, 130 22, 166 9. Combination. Lat. copulatio.

πλούσιος. 92 18. Rich. Lat. opulentus. The word is contrasted with πτωχός ( 92 17), beggarly, mendicus: for which cp. the expression τῇ λέξει πτωχεύειν in the passage quoted, from Chrysostom, under ἀπαγγελία p. 288 supra.

πνίγειν. 142 18. To stifle, to smother. Lat. suffocare.

ποίημα. 76 10, 78 5, 100 23, 154 2, 166 4, 192 8, 250 10, 16, 254 4, 7, 272 14. Poem; line of a poem (in this sense, more commonly στίχος or ἔπος). Lat. poëma, versus. So ποιεῖν 208 9, ‘to write poetry,’ and ποιητής 74 8 (but in 214 16 ποιηταί means ‘writers’ generally: cp. de Demosth. c. 37 παρ’ οὐδενὶ οὔτε ἐμμέτρων οὔτε πεζῶν ποιητῇ λόγων). ποίημα sometimes refers specially to epic and dramatic poetry (in contrast to song-poetry). In 64 10 the meaning is ‘product’ simply. For ‘poetry’ ποίησις is found: 214 1, 2, 252 24, 270 21, 274 7, 276 10.

ποιητικός. 70 2, 4, 108 11, 206 20, 208 8, 19, 252 20, 23, 29, etc. Poetical. Lat. poëticus. In 136 11 the meaning is ‘productive of.’

ποικιλία. 130 13, 192 18, 196 17, 25, 198 5. Variety, decoration. Lat. varietas. So ποικίλλειν 132 13, 192 20, 196 9; and ποικίλος 110 11, 154 19, 160 10, etc. ποικίλος may be rendered by such adjectives as ‘elaborate,’ ‘curious,’ ‘laborious,’ ‘multifarious,’ ‘kaleidoscopic,’ ‘ever-varying.’

πολιτικός. 64 15, 72 17, 124 21, 130 10, 214 1, 5, 254 25, 266 7, 272 20. Civil, parliamentary, political, public. Lat. civilis. See D.H. p. 203 for an explanatory note on πολιτικός. In 72 17, P has ῥητορικοῖς ἀνδράσι, which is an unlikely periphrasis for ῥήτορσι ( 104 8), but may well indicate the general meaning of πολιτικοῖς ἀνδράσι: cp. de Demosth. c. 23 ταῦτα δὲ πολιτικοῖς καὶ ῥήτορσιν ἀνδράσι μελήσει. Compare generally, in Aristot. Poet. c. vi., the words τῆς πολιτικῆς καὶ ῥητορικῆς ἔργον ἐστίν, and οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἀρχαῖοι πολιτικῶς ἐποίουν λέγοντας, οἱ δὲ νῦν ῥητορικῶς.

πολύμετρος. 272 5. Of many measures or metres. Lat. qui multis constat metris.

πολύμορφος. 160 12. Of many forms. Lat. multiformis. Cp. πολυειδής 196 25, πολυειδῶς 270 11.

πολυπραγμονεῖν. 264 6. To bother about. Lat. summa cura elaborare.

πολυσύλλαβος. 126 14, 132 5. With many syllables. Lat. qui syllabis pluribus constat.

πολύφωνος. 160 23. Of many voices. Lat. qui multas voces emittit. Used of the variety of tones in Homer’s ‘composition.’ In the de Sublim. c. xxxiv. the term is applied to Hypereides, who οὐ πάντα ἑξῆς καὶ μονοτόνως [i.e. at one sustained high pitch] ὡς ὁ Δημοσθένης λέγει.

πούς. 86 1, 168 12, 172 20, 174 22, 24, 178 7, 184 1, 256 9, 12, 258 19, 260 3. Metrical foot. Lat. pes. τὸ δ’ αὐτὸ καλῶ πόδα καὶ ῥυθμόν 168 11. Aristoxenus, Ῥυθμικὰ στοιχεῖα ii. 16, writes: ᾧ σημαινόμεθα τὸν ῥυθμὸν καὶ γνώριμον ποιοῦμεν τῇ αἰσθήσει, πούς ἐστιν εἷς ἢ πλείους. Cope (Introduction to Aristotle’s Rhetoric p. 383) thinks that Dionysius neglects the important distinction between βάσις, the unit of rhythm, and πούς, the unit of metre. Goodell (Greek Metric p. 47) thus paraphrases a passage of Marius Victorinus (p. 44 K.): “Between foot and ‘rhythmus’ there is this difference, that a foot cannot exist without rhythm, but a ‘rhythmus’ moves rhythmically without being divisible into feet.” [It is this kind of ‘rhythmus’ that counts in rhythmical prose.]

πραγματεία. 68 8, 14, 17, 70 8, etc. Inquiry, treatise, work. Lat. studium, commentatio, opus. So πραγματεύεσθαι 106 5, 10, 140 22, 268 7.

πραγματικός. 66 6. Pertaining to subject matter or invention. Lat. negotialis. Cp. Quintil. iii. 7. 1 “a parte negotiali, hoc est πραγματικῇ.” The πραγματικὸς τόπος (“tractatio rerum et sententiarum”) covers subject matter, things, thoughts; the λεκτικὸς τόπος includes expression, form, style.

πραΰς. 162 5, 244 21. Gentle. Lat. lenis. Cp. Demetr. p. 299.

πρέπον, τό. 120 19, 122 13, 124 11, 136 12, 198 13, 14. Propriety, appropriateness, fitness. Lat. decorum. Fr. la convenance. Cp. Cic. Orat. 21. 70 “ut enim in vita, sic in oratione nihil est difficilius quam quid deceat videre. πρέπον appellant hoc Graeci; nos dicamus sane decorum; de quo praeclare et multa praecipiuntur et res est cognitione dignissima: huius ignoratione non modo in vita, sed saepissime et in poëmatis et in oratione peccatur.” The Greek rhetoricians drew the term from the language of ethics. Aristot. Rhet. iii. 7. 1 τὸ δὲ πρέπον ἕξει ἡ λέξις, ἐὰν ᾖ παθητική τε καὶ ἠθικὴ καὶ τοῖς ὑποκειμένοις πράγμασιν ἀνάλογον. So πρεπώδης 106 17.

πριάπειος. 86 8. Priapean: as a metrical term. Lat. Priapeius. Effeminate and ribald verse, written in honour of Priapus, and involving a mutilation of the heroic line.

προέκθεσις. 242 2. A prefatory account. Lat. expositio antea data.

πρόθεσις. 70 21, 108 16, 220 6. Preposition. Lat. praepositio.

πρόνοια. 184 16, 186 1. Deliberation. Lat. consilium.

προοίμιον. 224 24, 252 3. Introduction. Lat. exordium.

προπετής. 244 22. Flowing. Lat. volubilis, profluens.

προσαγόρευσις. 260 22. Address. Lat. allocutio, compellatio.

προσερανίζειν. 116 4. To augment. Lat. cumulare. The period in question has been aided (so to say) by the alms of expletives. For the metaphor cp. συνερανιζόμενα de Isocr. c. 3 and ἔρανον de Imitat. B. vi. 2.

προσερείδειν. 148 22. To drive against. Lat. impingere, allidere. In 220 24 προσανίστασθαι is similarly used of ‘rising against.’

προσεχής. 84 6. Obvious, natural, allied, appropriate. Lat. proximus, cognatus (cum re coniunctus). In 258 24 the sense is ‘adjoining.’

προσηγορικός. 70 17, 102 17, 18, 218 6, 11, 220 7, 16, 222 24, 230 1. Appellative. Lat. appellativus. ὄνομα προσηγορικόν = common noun, Lat. nomen appellativum. It would appear from Dionysius Thrax (Ars Grammatica p. 23 Uhlig) that ὄνομα might include προσηγορία (= ὄνομα προσηγορικόν), while προσηγορία could cover participles (μετοχαί) and adjectives (ἐπίθετα) as well as common nouns. But the strict division is that of proper names and general terms, as given by Dionysius Thrax (ibid. pp. 33, 34): κύριον μὲν οὖν ἐστι τὸ τὴν ἰδίαν οὐσίαν, σημαῖνον, οἷον Ὅμηρος, Σωκράτης. προσηγορικὸν δέ ἐστι τὸ τὴν κοινὴν οὐσίαν σημαῖνον, οἷον ἄνθρωπος, ἵππος. In such passages as 222 24 and 230 1 ‘adjective’ would be an appropriate modern rendering. Quintil. i. 4. 21 “vocabulum an appellatio dicenda sit προσηγορία et subicienda nomini necne, quia parvi refert, liberum opinaturis relinquo.” In 272 25 προσηγορία = appellation.

προσίστασθαι. 132 8. To offend. Lat. obstrepere. Cp. de Isocr. c. 2 προσιστάμενος ταῖς ἀκοαῖς, c. 14 ibid. τῷ γὰρ μὴ ἐν καιρῷ γίνεσθαι, μηδ’ ἐν ὥρᾳ, προσίστασθαί φημι ταῖς ἀκοαῖς, Antiqq. Rom. i. 8 μονοειδεῖς γὰρ ἐκεῖναί τε καὶ ταχὺ προσιστάμεναι (= cito offendunt) τοῖς ἀκούουσιν.

προσκατασκευάζειν. 110 14 (v.l. προκατασκευάζειν). To model further, remodel. Lat. insuper instruere.

προσοδιακός. 86 3. Processional: see n. ad loc.

προσῳδία. 128 12, 196 17, 268 20. Accent. Lat. accentus. The word is defined in 196 17 τάσεις φωνῆς αἱ καλούμεναι προσῳδίαι. See further s.v. τόνος p. 329 infra, and compare Bywater Aristotle on the Art of Poetry p. 336 “προσῳδία with Aristotle comprises accent, breathing, and quantity—all the elements in the spoken word which in the ancient mode of writing were left to be supplied by the reader.” The symbols used in accentuation are supposed to have been introduced by Aristophanes of Byzantium, if not by some still earlier scholar, in order to recall to Greeks and teach foreign learners the true intonation of the language, which was in danger of being corrupted and forgotten when the Greek world grew vast and came to include so many foreign elements.

πρόσωπον. 160 18, 198 23. Person, character. Lat. persona. Cp. Demetr. p. 300.

πτῶσις. 106 20, 108 4, 132 7, 212 20, 264 4. Grammatical case. Lat. casus. ‘Verbal cases’ are mentioned in 108 4; in Aristotle the term πτῶσις includes inflexions in general.

πυρρίχιος. 168 17. Pyrrhic. Lat. pyrrhichius. The metrical foot ᴗ ᴗ.

ῥῆμα. 70 13, 21, 168 10, 218 6, 7, 264 5. Verb. Lat. verbum. So ῥηματικός 108 4 (verbal), 220 17 (verbal form).

ῥήτωρ. 74 8, 132 22, 166 12, 200 14, 206 25, 218 21, 236 20, 242 7, 248 15. Orator, rhetorician. Lat. orator, rhetor. As in English we have no similarly two-sided word, it is often hard to decide between the renderings, ‘speaker’ and ‘teacher of speaking.’ So ῥητορικός 68 9, 254 25, 262 20.

ῥοῖζος. 138 10. A whizzing. Lat. stridor.

ῥυθμίζειν. 180 13. To bring into rhythm, to scan. Lat. scandere. Cp. the use of βαίνειν and διαιρεῖν.

ῥυθμός. 120 18, 122 12, 124 6, 9, passim. Rhythm, harmonious movement of speech. Lat. numerus. For le nombre oratoire in Cicero (whose prose, however, like Roman prose generally, must not be taken to follow exclusively Attic standards) see Laurand’s Études pp. 109-11, and cp. Cic. Orat. 20. 67 “quicquid est enim, quod sub aurium mensuram aliquam cadat, etiamsi abest a versu—nam id quidem orationis est vitium—numerus vocatur, qui Graece ῥυθμός dicitur.” Quintil. Inst. Or. ix. 4. 45 “omnis structura ac dimensio et copulatio vocum constat aut numeris (numeros ῥυθμούς accipi volo) aut μέτροις, id est dimensione quadam.” It was a suggestive saying of Scaliger’s that metre gives the exact ‘measure’ of the line, rhythm its ‘temperament.’ As Dionysius identifies ῥυθμός and πούς ( 168 11; cp. 176 2, 3), we may translate ῥυθμός by ‘foot’ in 180 11, 182 19 (cp. σπονδεῖος πούς 178 7), 200 17, 206 9, etc.—Cp. Aristot. Rhet. iii. 8. 2 τὸ δὲ ἄρρυθμον ἀπέραντον, δεῖ δὲ πεπεράνθαι μέν, μὴ μέτρῳ δέ· ἀηδὲς γὰρ καὶ ἄγνωστον τὸ ἄπειρον. περαίνεται δὲ ἀριθμῷ πάντα· ὁ δὲ τοῦ σχήματος τῆς λέξεως ἀριθμὸς ῥυθμός ἐστιν, οὗ καὶ τὰ μέτρα τμητά· διὸ ῥυθμὸν δεῖ ἔχειν τὸν λόγον, μέτρον δὲ μή· ποίημα γὰρ ἔσται. ῥυθμὸν δὲ μὴ ἀκριβῶς· τοῦτο δὲ ἔσται ἐὰν μέχρι του ᾖ. So ῥυθμικός 128 18 (where the reference is to lyric metres), 168 8, 172 20 (cp. οἱ μετρικοί), 176 7. Quintilian (ix. 4. 68) provides a good example of the divisions recognized by the rhythmici: “quis enim dubitet, unum sensum in hoc et unum spiritum esse: animadverti, iudices, omnem accusatoris orationem in duas divisam esse partes? tamen et duo prima verba et tria proxima et deinceps duo rursus ac tria suos quasi numeros habent spiritum sustinentes, sicut apud rhythmicos aestimantur.”

ῥυπαρός. 134 24. Filthy, sordid. Lat. sordidus.

ῥύσις. 244 21. Flow. Lat. fluxus.

ῥυσός. 92 10. Wrinkled. Lat. rugosus.

ῥώθωνες. 144 22, 23, 146 11, 220 25. Nostrils. Lat. nares. In 146 11 διὰ τῶν ῥωθώνων συνηχούμενα = nasal.

Σαπφικός. 258 7. Of Sappho. Lat. Sapphicus.

σαφήνεια. 160 22. Clearness, lucidity. Lat. perspicuitas. Fr. clarté, netteté. The adjective σαφής occurs in 210 4.

σελίς. 186 2. Page. Lat. pagina libri.

σεμνότης. 84 2, 110 19, 164 20, 166 12, 170 2, 172 11, 236 8. Gravity, majesty. Lat. granditas, dignitas, gravitas. Fr. majesté. So σεμνολογία 120 23, 174 17; σεμνός 68 5, 80 12, 84 8, etc. It is not easy to find a good equivalent for σεμνός, as ‘dignified’ comes nearer to ἀξιωματικός; ‘impressive’ (or the like) to μεγαλοπρεπής; ‘lofty,’ ‘elevated,’ or ‘sublime,’ to ὑψηλός. ‘Solemn,’ ‘majestic,’ ‘august,’ or ‘stately’ will sometimes serve.

σημαίνειν. 74 3, 134 25. To betoken, to express. Lat. significare.

σιγμός. 138 10. A hissing. Lat. sibilus. Fr. sifflement.

σιωπή. 218 16, 220 2, 230 4. Silence, interval, pause. Lat. silentium, intermissio. Modern metrists who confine their attention to syllables are apt to neglect the interrelations of silence and sound. Dionysius would, on the contrary, have recognized that the pauses denoted by punctuation are the key to the metre in such lines as “Thy rankest fault; all of them; and require” (Tempest v. 1).

σκαιότης. 250 8. Clumsiness, stupidity. Lat. rusticitas, imperitia. Fr. gaucherie: cp. the editor’s Ancient Boeotians p. 6.

σκευωρία. 264 7. Elaboration. Lat. cura artificiosa. Cp. de Thucyd. c. 5 σκευωρίαν τεχνικήν, c. 29 μᾶλλον δὲ διθυραμβικῆς σκευωρίας οἰκειότερον: Hesych. σκευωρία· κατασκευή.

σκιερός. 234 13. Shady, dark. Lat. obscurus.

σκληρός. 132 1, 154 12. Hard. Lat. durus. Cp. D.H. p. 205.

σομφός. 122 25. Thick, husky. Lat. subraucus, fuscus. Cp. Schol. in M, σομφὸν ἤγουν θρυλιγμὸν καὶ ἐκμέλειαν. Some of the MSS. give ἀσύμφωνον, thus repeating a word used a few lines earlier.

σοφιστής. 190 10, 264 19. Sophist. Lat. sophista. The comprehensiveness of the term is well illustrated by the fact that in the former passage it is applied to Hegesias, in the latter to Isocrates and Plato. In the parallel passage of the de Demosth. (c. 51) ὁρῶν γε δὴ τούτους τοὺς θαυμαζομένους ἐπὶ σοφίᾳ καὶ κρατίστων λόγων ποιητὰς νομιζομένους Ἰσοκράτην καὶ Πλάτωνα γλυπτοῖς καὶ τορευτοῖς ἐοικότας ἐκφέροντας λόγους. Cp. Demetr. p. 301.

σπαδονίζειν. 142 9. To emasculate, to cramp. Lat. spadonium sonum reddere. This reading seems preferable on several grounds: (1) it is the more difficult of the two; (2) the sense of ‘choke the voice’ seems to agree well with οὐδὲ συγκόψει τοὺς ἤχους ( 162 4 ‘and will not impede the voice’); (3) σπανίζειν (intransitive: cp. de Demosth. c. 32, de Thucyd. c. 19) τοῦ ἤχου would be more common than σπανίζειν τὸν ἦχον: (4) σπαδονισμοὺς τῶν ἤχων (‘impediments to sound,’ ‘arrested sounds’) occurs, without variant, in de Demosth. c. 40, and is adopted by U.-R. as well as by other editors; (5) the authority of R seems to support σπαδονίζει rather than (as U.-R. think) σπανίζει.

σπονδεῖος. 170 2, 178 7 (with πόδες), 202 20. Spondee. The metrical foot – –. Vossius thus describes the effect of the spondee: “hic pes incessum habet tardum et magnificum; itaque rebus gravibus, et maxime sacris, vel ipso attestante vocabulo, imprimis adhibetur.” Cp. Hor. Ars Poet. 255 “tardior ut paulo graviorque veniret ad aures, | spondeos stabiles in iura paterna recepit [sc. iambus],” and Cic. Orat. 64. 216.

σπουδάζειν. 66 8, 94 16. To be eager. Lat. studere, sedulo operam navare. For the middle voice of this verb see note on p. 95 supra. The noun σπουδή occurs in 156 14, 186 4, 192 7, 212 16.

σταθερός. 234 4. Steadfast. Lat. stabilis. τὸ σταθερόν = la lenteur grave.

στάθμη. 236 4. A carpenter’s line or rule. Lat. amussis. ἀπὸ στάθμης = velut ad amussim, ‘regulated by line and rule, by square and level.”

στενός. 142 19, 146 3. Narrow. Lat. angustus. In 146 3 it is coupled with λεπτός.

στηριγμός. 202 24. A sustaining (of the voice on certain syllables), a pause. Lat. mora. See under ἐγκάθισμα, p. 297 supra; and under ἀντιστηριγμός, p. 288 supra. So στηριχθῆναι 220 18, ‘to be firmly planted,’ ‘to be sustained.’

στιβαρός. 216 16. Hardy, robust. Lat. robustus. The word occurs also in de Thucyd. c. 24. Cp. the French nerveux. Hesych. στιβαρόν· εὔρωστον, βαρύ, εὔτονον, στεῤῥόν, ἰσχυρόν. As is pointed out by Larue van Hook (Metaphorical Terminology of Greek Rhetoric p. 20), both Latin and English abound in similar terms of style drawn from good physical condition: nervi, vires, vigor, lacerti, ossa, robur: full-blooded, hearty, lively, lusty, muscular, nervous, robust, sinewy, supple, strenuous, vigorous, etc.

στίχος. 86 2, 12, 88 7, etc. A line of poetry. Lat. versus. In de Thucyd. c. 19 the word is used with reference to prose: ὅτι πολλὰ καὶ μεγάλα πράγματα παραλιπών, τὸ προοίμιον τῆς ἱστορίας μέχρι πεντακοσίων ἐκμηκύνει στίχων.

στοιχεῖον. 70 11, 20, 108 10, 110 9, 138 1, etc. Element. Lat. elementum. So στοιχειώδης 138 14. With the use of στοιχεῖον in c. 14 cp. Aristot. Poet. c. 20, where the word is defined as φωνὴ ἀδιαίρετος, οὐ πᾶσα δέ, ἀλλ’ ἐξ ἧς πέφυκε συνετὴ γίγνεσθαι φωνή. In 108 10 the meaning practically is ‘principle,’ ‘rule.’

στρέφειν. 264 3, 270 11. To turn, to twist. Lat. torquere. In 270 11 the meaning may be conveyed by ‘to change the words about,’ ‘to permute or vary the order of the words,’ ‘to give a new turn to the sentence.’

στρογγύλος. 112 11. Compact, rounded, terse. Lat. rotundus. Fr. arrondi. See the examples quoted in D.H. p. 205, and add de Lys. c. 9 στρογγύλη καὶ πυκνή, de Isaeo c. 3 στρογγύλη τε καὶ δικανικὴ οὐχ ἧττόν ἐστιν ἡ Ἰσαίου λέξις τῆς Λυσίου. So στρογγυλίζειν 142 15. Latin equivalents, or parallels, may be found in Horace’s ore rotundo (Ars P. 323), Cicero’s contortus (Orat. 20. 66), Quintilian’s corrotundare (xi. 3. 102). “στρογγύλος is used of the new stylistic artifices of the sophistical rhetoric by Aristophanes Acharn. 686 (στρογγύλοις τοῖς ῥήμασι), and by Plato Phaedr. 234 E. In later usage it is constantly used of periodic composition” (G. L. Hendrickson in American Journal of Philology xxv. 138).

στροφή. 194 6, 9, 10, 16, 19, 254 13, 272 5, 278 8. Strophe, stanza. Lat. stropha.

στρυφνός. 228 7. Harsh, astringent. Lat. acerbus. See D.H. p. 205 (s.v. στριφνός: in C.V. 228 7 F has στριφνόν), with the reference to Jebb’s equivalent ‘biting flavour’ (Att. Orr. i. 35).

στύφειν. 154 13. To draw up the mouth. Lat. astringere. Used of sounds that make the hearer pull a wry face and screw up his lips. Cp. de Demosth. c. 38 ἀνακοπὰς καὶ ἀντιστηριγμοὺς λαμβάνειν καὶ τραχύτητας ἐν ταῖς συμπλοκαῖς τῶν ὀνομάτων ἐπιστυφούσας τὴν ἀκοὴν ἡσυχῇ βούλεται.

συγγραφεύς. 74 8, 76 3, 154 17, 206 25, 214 15, 228 11, 236 18, 248 14. Prose-writer, historian. Lat. scriptor (prosaicus); (scriptor) historicus. ἱστοριογράφος (de Thucyd. c. 2) is a less ambiguous expression than συγγραφεύς (c. 5 ibid.) or than λογογράφος (c. 20 ibid.).—In 68 9 συγγράφειν = to compose (a treatise).

συγκοπή. 156 19, 230 7. Stoppage. Lat. impeditio. So συγκόπτειν (‘impede the voice,’ ‘check the utterance’) 162 4. [This meaning seems to bring the three passages fairly into line: otherwise συγκοπαὶ τῶν ἤχων, in 230 7, might well mean ‘durae sonorum collisiones et concursiones.’]

συγκροτεῖν. 206 16. To weld together. Lat. compingere, coagmentare.

σύγκρουσις. 230 27. Collision, concurrence, consonance. Lat. concursus. Fr. rencontre. So συγκρούειν 202 18, 224 10. Cp. Demetr. p. 302. The reference is to a succession of two vowels which do not form a diphthong, either in the same word (e.g. λᾶαν) or with hiatus between two words (e.g. ἄλγε’ ἔχοντα: or καὶ ἐλπίσας, τε ἔσεσθαι, καὶ ἀξιολογώτατον). Cp. de Demosth. c. 43. Cicero’s opinion of the ‘concourse of vowels’ (quoted by Quintil. ix. 4. 37) is given in Orat. 23. 77 “verba etiam verbis quasi coagmentare neglegat; habet enim ille tamquam hiatus et concursus vocalium molle quiddam et quod indicet non ingratam neglegentiam de re hominis magis quam de verbis laborantis.” On the other hand, Pope (Essay on Criticism) states and exemplifies the weak side of hiatus by means of the line, ‘Tho’ oft the ear the open vowels tire’; and Cicero himself (Orat. 44. 150) writes, “quod quidem Latina lingua sic observat, nemo ut tam rusticus sit qui vocales nolit coniungere.” In English, the question of hiatus raises sundry points of an interesting kind. Should we, for example, say ‘an historian’ and ‘an historical book,’ on the ground that the initial aspirate is evanescent when the accent falls on the second syllable; and similarly ‘an united family’ but ‘a union of hearts’?

συγκρύπτειν. 130 26. To hide, to disguise. Lat. occulere.

συγξεῖν. 210 22, 228 4, 232 12, 234 19. To polish. Lat. expolire. Cp. de Demosth. c. 40 πολλὴν σφόδρα ποιουμένη φροντίδα τοῦ συνεξέσθαι καὶ συνηλεῖφθαι καὶ προπετεῖς ἁπάντων αὐτῶν εἶναι τὰς ἁρμονίας.

συγχρώζεσθαι. 244 17. To be closely joined. Lat. cohaerere, mutuo se contingere.

συζυγία. 84 11, 104 17, 106 19, etc. Coupling, grouping, combination. Lat. coniunctio. Fr. liaison. So de Demosth. c. 40 (the passage quoted s.v. συμβολή, infra).

συλλαβή. 150 16. Syllable. Lat. syllaba. Words like this serve to remind us how much of our modern rhetorical and grammatical terminology is taken direct from the Greek.

συλλεαίνειν. 230 20. To rub smooth, to polish. Lat. levigare, polire. Cp. de Demosth. c. 43 ἐν δὲ τῇ δευτέρᾳ περιόδῳ τραχύνεται μὲν ἡ σύνθεσις ἐν τῷ “μεγάλη γὰρ ῥοπή” διὰ τὸ μὴ συναλείφεσθαι τὰ δύο ρ ρ, καὶ ἐν τῷ “ἀνθρώπων πράγματα” διὰ τὸ μὴ συλλεαίνεσθαι ‹τὸ ν› τῷ ἑξῆς.

συμβεβηκότα, τά. 98 8, 9, 140 14, 264 6, 268 19. The accidental, non-essential, qualities of a thing. Lat. accidentia. In 268 19 the reference is to the changes which words undergo in the way of contraction, expansion, acute or grave accentuation, etc.

συμβολή. 210 20, 232 13. Clashing. Lat. concursus. In 232 13 the reference is to les chocs des voyelles. Cp. de Demosth. c. 40 καὶ διὰ τοῦτο φεύγει μὲν ἁπάσῃ σπουδῇ τὰς τῶν φωνηέντων συμβολὰς ὡς τὴν λειότητα καὶ τὴν εὐέπειαν διασπώσας, φεύγει δέ, ὅση δύναμις αὐτῇ, τῶν ἡμιφώνων τε καὶ ἀφώνων γραμμάτων τὰς συζυγίας, ὅσαι τραχύνουσι τοὺς ἤχους καὶ ταράττειν δύνανται τὰς ἀκοάς.

σύμβολον. 84 4. Token, label. Lat. signum.

συμμετρία. 130 7, 12, 246 2, 4, 270 10. Due proportion. Lat. iusta mensura. In 270 10 συμμετρία would seem to mean the arrangement of the periods within the lines or verses (μέτρα: the variant ἐμμετρία is to be noticed); and with it should be compared συμμέτρως in 270 13, though there Upton suggests ἀσυμμέτρως and Schaefer συμμέτροις. συμμέτρως occurs also in 232 9; and συμμετρεῖν in 212 18, 276 26. Cp. de Demosth. c. 43 ὥστε συμμετρηθῆναι πρὸς ἀνδρὸς πνεῦμα.

συμπληροῦν. 180 11, 182 16. To complete, to constitute. Lat. absolvere.

συμπλοκή. 160 9, 198 6, 240 16. Intertwining, blending. Lat. implicatio. So συμπλέκειν 154 17, 258 4. For the metaphor from weaving cp. ῥάπτειν and ὑφαίνειν: Pindar Nem. iv. 153 ῥήματα πλέκων: Swinburne Erechtheus 1487 “I have no will to weave too fine or far, | O queen, the weft of sweet with bitter speech.”

σύμπτωσις. 240 12. Concurrence. Lat. concursus.

συμφορητός. 72 22. Collected promiscuously, miscellaneous. Lat. collatus, collecticius.

συνάγειν. 144 18, 212 3. To contract. Lat. contrahere, coarctare.

συναλοιφή. 108 18, 180 17, 218 7, 222 24, 256 22. Blending, fusion, amalgamation. Lat. coitus, vocalium elisio. Fr. synalèphe (contraction, ou jonction de plusieurs voyelles). So συναλείφειν 220 1, 222 26, 234 8, 236 6, 244 17. Compare Demetr. p. 303, together with the passage there quoted from Quintil. ix. 4. 35-7 (including the words “coëuntes litterae, quae συναλοιφαί dicuntur”), and see (as to hiatus) Sandys’ Orator pp. 160 ff. and Laurand’s Études pp. 114-6. Cp. de Demosth. c. 43 καὶ κατ’ ἄλλους δύο τόπους ἢ τρεῖς τὰ ἡμίφωνα ‹καὶ ἄφωνα› παραπίπτοντα ἀλλήλοις τὰ φύσιν οὐκ ἔχοντα συναλείφεσθαι ἔν τε τῷ “τὸν Φίλιππον” καὶ ἐν τῷ “ταύτῃ φοβερὸν προσπολεμῆσαι” ταράττει τοὺς ἤχους μετρίως καὶ οὐκ ἐᾷ φαίνεσθαι μαλακούς· ἐν δὲ τῇ δευτέρᾳ περιόδῳ κτλ. (the remainder of the passage is given under συλλεαίνειν, p. 324 supra).

συναπαρτίζειν. 212 11, 270 13. To complete (the sense) simultaneously. Cp. Demetr. de Eloc. §§ 2, 10 (together with ἀπαρτίζειν in Glossary p. 267 ibid.), and also the note on pp. 270, 271 supra. Cp. de Demosth. c. 39 ἔτι τῆς ἁρμονίας ταύτης οἰκεῖόν ἐστι καὶ τὸ τὰς περιόδους αὐτουργούς τινας εἶναι καὶ ἀφελεῖς καὶ μήτε συναπαρτιζούσας ἑαυταῖς τὸν νοῦν μήτε συμμεμετρημένας τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ λέγοντος μηδέ γε παραπληρώμασι τῶν ὀνομάτων οὐκ ἀναγκαίοις ὡς πρὸς τὴν ὑποκειμένην διάνοιαν χρωμένας μηδ’ εἰς θεατρικούς τινας καὶ γλαφυροὺς καταληγούσας ῥυθμούς.

συνάπτειν. 202 19, 240 20, 262 4. To link together. Lat. adiungere, connectere. Dionysius’ love of variety may be seen by comparing together 262 4, 258 4, 256 20, 22, 258 24.

συναρμόττειν. 118 14, 134 11, 234 19. To adapt one thing to another. Lat. accommodare. Used with reference to adjusting, dovetailing, interlinking.

συνασκεῖν. 282 1. To practise simultaneously. Lat. simul exercere.

σύνδεσμος. 70 14, 17, 72 1, 218 7, 220 5, 258 27. Conjunction, connective, connecting word. Lat. copula, coniunctio. ‘Particle,’ or ‘connecting-particle,’ will sometimes be a suitable rendering, as the term includes particles like ἄρα ( 258 27) and μέν and δή (Demetr. de Eloc. §§ 55, 56, 196), and may even be applied to prepositions ( 220 5, 6). In a difficult passage of Aristot. Poetics (xx. 6), among the examples offered of σύνδεσμος are ἀμφί, περί, μέν, ἤτοι, as well as δέ. A good account of the word will be found in Cope’s Introduction to Aristotle’s Rhetoric pp. 371-4, 392-7. See further Quintil. i. 4. 18; Aristot. Rhet. iii. 6. 6.

συνεδρεύειν. 100 10, 160 19. To attend, to accompany. Lat. assidere, adiungi. Used, in 100 10, of the accompanying relations (mode, place, time, etc.), which adverbs denote in reference to verbs.

συνεκτρέχειν. 274 24. To run out together, to be of the same length. Lat. aequis passibus concurrere.

συνεκφέρειν. 240 11. To pronounce concurrently. Lat. simul pronuntiare. Cp. συνεκφορά 230 3.

συνεφθαρμένος. 126 10, 144 12, 234 13. Imperceptibly blended, melting into each other. Lat. commistus. φθορά is the technical term for the mixing of colours in painting: e.g. Plut. Mor. 346 A καὶ γὰρ Ἀπολλόδωρος ὁ ζωγράφος, ἀνθρώπων πρῶτος ἐξευρὼν φθορὰν καὶ ἀπόχρωσιν σκιᾶς, Ἀθηναῖος ἦν. Perhaps it is this sense of ‘fusion’ that led to φθορά being used, in Byzantine music, in some such sense as ‘modulation.’

συνεχής. 230 17, 20, 244 21, 246 1. Continuous, unbroken. Lat. continuus. So συνεχῶς 132 9, 230 29, 280 21. συνέχεια ( 240 5) = coherence, ‘continuus compositionis tenor.’

συνηχεῖν. 140 21, 144 20, 146 11. To sound at the same time. Lat. consonare. In 140 21 the translation of the manuscript reading συνεχούσης may be “while all these are pronounced, the windpipe constricts the breath,” A. J. Ellis op. cit. p. 41 (with the note, “probably this is what Dionysius considered the cause of voice”).

σύνθεσις. 68 5, 7, 19, 70 3, 9, 72 8, 74 15, 78 9, 86 2, 13, 90 19, 134 26 etc., 200 10, 16, 202 1, 7, 204 9, 232 25, 240 23, 270 9. Composition. Lat. compositio. ‘Composition’ (with the addition of ‘literary,’ to mark it off from other kinds of composition) seems the least inadequate English rendering of σύνθεσις, and comes nearest to the usual Latin title. To judge by the actual contents of the treatise (which go beyond Dionysius’ occasional and fragmentary definitions), the term ‘putting-together’ can be applied not only to ὀνόματα, but (on the one side) to γράμματα and συλλαβαί and (on the other) to κῶλα and περίοδοι, and to a poem of Sappho or the proem of Thucydides. Hence ‘arrangement (or order, ordonnance) of words’ proves, in practice, too narrow a title, though the euphonic and symphonic arrangement of words and the elements of words is the main theme, and though there is (as has been pointed out in the Introduction, p. 11 supra) some danger of ‘literary composition’ seeming to promise a treatment of the πραγματικὸς τόπος. One of the definitions of composition in the New English Dictionary will apply very fairly to the de Compositione Verborum: “the due arrangement of words into sentences, and of sentences into periods; the art of constructing sentences and of writing prose or verse,” while ἁρμονία (which is σύνθεσις in special reference to skilful and melodious combination) might well be defined in the words there quoted from the Arte of Rhetorique of T. Wilson (1553 A.D.): “composition ... is an apt joyning together of wordes in such order, that neither the eare shall espie any jerre, nor yet any man shalbe dulled with overlong drawing out of a sentence.” The form συνθήκη is found, in practically the same sense as σύνθεσις, in the Epitome c. 3; in Lucian de conscrib. hist. c. 46 καὶ μὴν καὶ συνθήκῃ τῶν ὀνομάτων εὐκράτῳ καὶ μέσῃ χρηστέον; and in Chrysostom de Sacerdotio iv. 6 (quoted under ἀπαγγελία p. 288 supra). As Latin equivalents (in addition to ‘de Compositione Verborum’), ‘de Collocatione Verborum’ or ‘de Constructione Verborum’ might be supported out of Cicero’s Orator and de Oratore; and something might be said, too, in favour of ‘de Structura Orationis’ or (more fully) ‘de compositione, seu orationis partium apta inter se collocatione.’—συνθετικός occurs in 104 15, and σύνθετος in 144 11, 176 3, 184 3.

σύνοψις. 208 13. A general view. Lat. conspectus. εἰς σύνοψιν ἐλθεῖν δυνάμενος would, in Aristotle’s conciser phrase, be: εὐσύνοπτος.—The verb συνορᾶν occurs in 184 22, συνιδεῖν 182 3.

συντάττεσθαι. 80 5, 94 15, 96 6, 98 19, 20, 104 5, 106 13, 264 21. To put together, to compose, to treat of. Lat. componere, tractare. So σύνταγμα 214 9, and σύνταξις (‘arrangement,’ ‘co-ordination,’ ‘treatise’) 94 3, 96 2, 13, 16, etc.

συντιθέναι. 68 3, 74 12, 106 11, etc. To arrange words or sounds, to compose. Lat. componere.

συνυφαίνειν. 134 12, 166 17, 184 14, 234 9, 20, 240 7. To weave together. Lat. contexere. Lucian (de conscrib. hist. 48) uses the word: καὶ ἐπειδὰν ἀθροίσῃ ἅπαντα ἢ τὰ πλεῖστα, πρῶτα μὲν ὑπόμνημά τι συνυφαινέτω αὐτῶν κτλ. [The passage is given in full under χρῶμα, p. 333 infra.]

συνῳδός. 220 17, 224 16, 232 8. In harmony with, accordant. Lat. concors.

συριγμός. 146 14, 148 7, 160 1. A hissing. Lat. sibilus. So σύριγμα 146 3. In 160 1 the reference is to the ‘whistling of ropes,’ the ‘shrieking of tackle’: cp. Virg. Aen. i. 87 “insequitur clamorque virum stridorque rudentum.”

σύρρυσις. 162 21. A flowing together, conflux. Lat. concursus. Two forms of the word are found: σύρρευσις and (as here) σύρρυσις.

συστέλλειν. 140 19, 152 25, 206 1. To compress. Lat. contrahere, corripere. So συστολή 142 18, 268 20.

συστρέφειν. 204 9. To abbreviate. Lat. contrahere. Cp. D.H. p. 206, and Demetr. p. 305 (s.v. συστροφή). The condensation indicated in 204 9 consists in the fact that the rolling down of the stone is described in a single line, whereas the rolling up takes four lines.

σφραγίς. 268 3. Seal, impression of a seal. Lat. signum.

σχέδιος. 186 5. Sudden, off-hand, impromptu. Lat. extemporalis. Cp. αὐτοσχέδιος p. 291 supra.

σχῆμα. 88 12, 90 19, 130 7, 132 11, 148 20 etc., 196 25, 26, 198 6, passim. Figure, attitude. Lat. figura. See D.H. p. 206, and Demetr. p. 305, for various quotations and references (to which may be added Causeret La Langue de la rhétorique et de la critique littéraire dans Ciceron pp. 176 ff.). Sometimes ‘construction’ will be a good rendering (e.g. de Isocr. c. 3), or ‘form’ (de Thucyd. c. 37): cp. Cic. Brut. 17. 69 (‘sententiarum orationisque formae’). ‘Turns of expression’ (tours de phrase) will also serve occasionally.

σχηματίζειν. 104 18, 106 15, 108 1, 110 14, 112 18, 19, etc. To use a figure, to shape, to construct. Lat. figurare. Cp. D.H. p. 206, Demetr. p. 305.

σχηματισμός. 112 14, 20, 146 7, 212 21, etc. Configuration, construction; the employment of figures or turns of phrase. Lat. conformatio, figuratio.

σχολικός. 214 9. After the manner of lectures, tedious. Lat. longus. Dionysius has in mind treatises which are ‘academic’ rather than practical. Cp. Long. de Sublim. iii. 5 πολλὰ γὰρ ὥσπερ ἐκ μέθης τινὲς εἰς τὰ μηκέτι τοῦ πράγματος, ἴδια ἑαυτῶν καὶ σχολικὰ παραφέρονται πάθη.

σῶμα. 134 25. Person. Lat. persona. Same sense as πρόσωπον: compare, in Ep. ii. ad Amm. c. 14, πρόσωπα δὲ παρ’ αὐτῷ τὰ πράγματα γίνεται with πράγματα δὲ ἀντὶ σωμάτων τὰ τοιαῦτα ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ γίνεται.

Σωτάδειος. 88 1. Sotadean. Lat. Sotadeus. So called from Sotades, a native of Maroneia or of Crete, who lived under the early Ptolemies. The structure of the Sotadean verse is analyzed in P. Masqueray’s Abriss der griechischen Metrik pp. 141-4. For some further references see Demetr. p. 244.

ταμιεύειν. 246 4. To regulate, to manage. Lat. temperare, dispensare.

τάξις. 72 12, 18, 198 6, etc. Order. Lat. dispositio. Not identical in sense with σύνθεσις, which (in 72 18) forms part of one and the same sentence as τάξις. τάξις often (e.g. Aristot. Rhet. iii. 12. 6) refers to the marshalling of the subject matter of a speech.—The verb τάττειν occurs (with various senses) in 126 7, 196 6, 254 10, etc.

ταπεινός. 74 12, 78 10, 80 13, 92 17, 134 23, 166 3, 176 11, 186 19. Low, mean, vulgar. Lat. humilis, abiectus. So ταπεινότης 192 9.

τάσις. 126 7, 9, 128 5, 11, 196 16. Tension, pitch, accent. Lat. intentio (vocis), accentus. Cp. προσῳδία p. 320 supra, and τόνος p. 329 infra. Definition in 196 16: τάσεις φωνῆς αἱ καλούμεναι προσῳδίαι. Quintil. i. 5. 22 “adhuc difficilior observatio est per tenores, (quos quidem ab antiquis dictos tonores comperi, videlicet declinato a Graecis verbo, qui τόνους dicunt) vel accentus, quas Graeci προσῳδίας vocant,” etc.

ταυτολογία. 240 26. Verbal reiteration, tautology. Lat. eiusdem verbi iteratio. This is, apparently, the earliest recorded use of the word, though Polybius employs the verb ταυτολογεῖν. Quintil. viii. 3. 50 “sicut ταυτολογία, id est eiusdem verbi aut sermonis iteratio. haec enim quamquam non magnopere a summis auctoribus vitata, interim vitium videri potest, in quod saepe incidit etiam Cicero, securus tam parvae observationis: sicut hoc loco, Non solum igitur illud iudicium iudicii simile, iudices, non fuit.” The English word tautology must have been unfamiliar when Philemon Holland translated the Morals of Plutarch, since it is one of the terms included in the “explanation of certain obscure words” appended to Holland’s volume.

ταυτότης. 134 18, 192 20. Sameness, monotony. Lat. rerum earundem iteratio. Contrasted with μεταβολή: as in 134 18 διαναπαύειν δὲ τὴν ταυτότητά φημι δεῖν μεταβολὰς εὐκαίρους εἰσφέροντα.—Aristotle uses the word several times, in the sense of ‘identity.’

τέλειος. 84 21, 116 24, 144 17, 150 13, etc. Complete, perfect. Lat. absolutus, perfectus. See, further, note on 204 24.—So τελειοῦν 178 13.—In 120 4, 268 5, τέλος = ‘end,’ ‘object.’

τελεταί. 252 15. Rites, mysteries. Lat. sacra arcana, ritus et caerimoniae. αἱ τελεταὶ τοῦ λόγου = sacra eloquentiae.

τετράμετρος. 86 3, 14, 256 8, 13. Consisting of four metres or measures. Lat. tetrametrus (sc. versus: στίχος).

τετριμμένος. 252 29. Homely, ordinary. Lat. tritus. Fr. ordinaire. The word sometimes inclines to the sense ‘vulgar,’ ‘hackneyed,’ ‘banal,’ ‘rebattu’: cp. τέτριπται 134 22.

τέχνη. 68 9, 94 10, 14, 96 2, 104 10, 132 22, etc. Art, handbook. Lat. ars. αἱ τέχναι in Dionysius (cp. αἱ τέχναι τῶν λόγων, Aristot. Rhet. i. 1. 3) refers specially to rhetorical handbooks: e.g. 270 4, 282 3. αἱ ῥητορικαὶ τέχναι is often used to designate the Rhetoric of Aristotle: e.g. 254 25, and Ep. i. ad Amm. cc. 1, 2, etc.—In 124 3 τεχνίτης = ‘craftsman,’ ‘professional.’

τὴν ἄλλως. 176 6. To no purpose. Lat. temere. Coupled here with a negative: cp. Suidas, τηνάλλως. μάτην. καὶ οὐ τηνάλλως μετὰ τῆς ἀποφάσεως λέγεται.

τομή. 72 2. Division. Lat. partitio. Fr. partie, subdivision.

τόνος. 126 5, 15, 19, 142 8. Tone, tension, pitch, accent. Lat. tonus, intentio (vocis), accentus. If τόνον be read in 136 16 and τόνος in 236 8, the meaning will be energy: cp. D.H. p. 207. See also under τάσις p. 328 supra, and under περισπασμός p. 316 supra (for a passage of Aristot Rhet. iii. 1. 4).

τόπος. 66 6, 96 9, 144 18, 164 17, 248 8. Place, heading, department. Lat. locus. The πραγματικὸς τόπος ( 66 6) is the locus rerum, as opposed to the λεκτικὸς τόπος ( 96 9). In this connexion not only τόπος, but τρόπος, τύπος, χαρακτήρ and μέρος are sometimes used by Dionysius.

τορευτός. 264 18. Worked in relief, chased. Lat. caelatus. So τορευτής = caelator, 266 8.

τραγῳδοποιός. 236 17, 248 14. Tragic poet, tragedian. Lat. tragicus poëta. [For the Greek expressions used to denote tragic and comic poets see H. Richards in the Classical Review xiv. 211.]

τρανός. 230 14. Clear, distinct. Lat. perspicuus. In earlier Greek the form τρανής is used: cp. Soph. Ajax 23 ἴσμεν γὰρ οὐδὲν τρανές, ἀλλ’ ἀλώμεθα.

τραχύτης. 230 5, 232 8. Roughness. Lat. asperitas. Fr. âpreté, dureté. So τραχύς 130 26, 154 12, 228 7, 234 15, etc.; and τραχύνειν 130 19, 146 9, 202 26, 206 4, 216 17, 218 18, 240 17. By ‘rough’ letters, in 202 26, Dionysius may probably mean the following letters found in the four lines quoted in 202 3-6: Σ, σ, φ (?), σ, γ, χ, στ, ζ, σ, σκ, πτ, σχ, σκ, φ (?); and among these, σκ, σχ and πτ may be regarded as ‘juxtapositions of rough letters.’

τρίκωλον. 116 11. A sentence consisting of three members or clauses. Lat. oratio trimembris. τὸ τρίκωλον is here a noun: on the same principle as, for example, ἡ τρίοδος (= trivium).

τρίμετρος. 258 19, 25. Consisting of three metres or measures. Lat. trimetrus (sc. versus: στίχος).

τρισύλλαβος. 170 15, 174 8. Consisting of three syllables. Lat. trisyllabus.

τρόπος. 196 1. Mode (in music). Lat. modus. Cp. Monro’s Modes of Ancient Greek Music p. 2. In 132 12 the word means trope (metaphor particularly: cp. Quintil. viii. 6. 4): so τροπικός (figurative; Fr. figuré) 78 16, 252 24, 272 10.

τροχαῖος. 170 8, 184 11. Trochee. The metrical foot – ᴗ.

τρυφερός. 236 9. Delicate, dainty. Lat. delicatus, nitidus.

τύπος. 70 7, 268 2, 17, 24. Outline, form. Lat. forma, figura.

ὕλη. 266 9. Material. Lat. materia. Fr. matière.

ὑπαγωγικός. 90 5. Drawn slowly out, prolonged. Lat. dilatatus. Cp. de Demosth. c. 4 διώκει δ’ ἐκ παντὸς τρόπου τὴν περίοδον οὐδὲ ταύτην στρογγύλην καὶ πυκνὴν ἀλλ’ ὑπαγωγικήν τινα καὶ πλατεῖαν καὶ πολλοὺς ἀγκῶνας, ὥσπερ οἱ μὴ κατ’ εὐθείας ῥέοντες ποταμοὶ ποιοῦσιν, ἐγκολπιζομένην. It is possible, however, that in the de Comp. Verb. the word has an active meaning similar to that of ἐπαγωγικός, in which case the rendering will be ‘the effect of the passage will no longer be that of a narrative which gently carries the reader on.’

ὑπαλλαγή. 78 16. Hypallage. Lat. hypallage. Quintil. ix. 6. 23 “nec procul ab hoc genere discedit μετωνυμία, quae est nominis pro nomine positio. cuius vis est, pro eo, quod dicitur, causam, propter quam dicitur, ponere; sed, ut ait Cicero, ὑπαλλαγήν rhetores dicunt. haec inventas ab inventore et subiectas res ab obtinentibus significat: ut Cererem corruptam undis, et receptus Terra Neptunus classes Aquilonibus arcet.” Cp. Cic. Orat. 27. 93 “hanc ὑπαλλαγήν rhetores, quia quasi summutantur verba pro verbis, μετωνυμίαν grammatici vocant, quod nomina transferuntur.”

ὑπάτη. 210 7. Top note. Lat. chorda suprema. See L. & S. s.v.

ὑπεραίρειν. 224 11. To exceed. Lat. transgredi.

ὑπερβολή. 156 11. Excess, violence. Lat. impetus, ardor. [Not here used in the technical sense of superlatio, traiectio.]

ὑπέρμετρος. 214 8. Exceeding due measure, excessively long. Lat. excedens mensuram. [Not here used in the technical sense of passing beyond the bounds of metre: Demetr. de Eloc. § 118 ποίημα γὰρ ἄκαιρον ψυχρόν, ὥσπερ καὶ τὸ ὑπέρμετρον, ‘a bit of verse out of place is just as inartistic as the disregard of metrical rules in poetry.’]

ὑπεροπτικός. 232 20. Disdainful. Lat. ad contemnendum pronus.

ὑπερτείνειν. 132 14. To exceed. Lat. transcendere.

ὑπηχεῖν. 150 7. To sound in answer to, to re-echo. Lat. resonare.

ὑποβάκχειος. 174 23, 178 11, 13. Hypobacchius. The metrical foot ᴗ – –. The Epitome (c. 17) gives παλιμβάκχειος in the same sense as ὑποβάκχειος.

ὑπογράφειν. 122 7. To sketch. Lat. adumbrare. Fr. esquisser.

ὑπόδειγμα. 174 12. Pattern, specimen. Lat. documentum, exemplum.

ὑπόθεσις. 104 6. Subject, theme. Lat. argumentum operis. So τὰ ὑποκείμενα (the subject matter) 74 9, 106 17, 130 13, 134 21, 158 2.

ὑπόμνησις. 80 1. Reminder. Lat. admonitio. ὑπομνήσεως ἕνεκα = memoriae causa.

ὑποτακτικός. 220 19. Subordinate. Lat. subditus. Dionysius seems to mean that π is not apt to be amalgamated with, or absorbed in, a preceding ν. [The second vowel in a diphthong could be described as ὑποτακτικὸν φωνῆεν.] The verb ὑποτάττειν occurs in 100 23 and 126 21.

ὑποτίθεσθαι. 194 8. To take as a subject. Lat. argumentum sibi sumere. This (rather than ‘to postulate’) seems to be the meaning.

ὑποτραχύνειν. 222 7. To grate slightly on the ear. Lat. leni horrore aures afficere.

ὕπτιος. 108 3. Passive. Lat. supinus.

ὕφος. 234 12. Woven stuff, a web. Lat. tela. The word is used metaphorically in Long. de Subl. i. 4 τοῦ ὅλου τῶν λόγων ὕφους.

ὑψηλός. 92 18, 172 2, 180 2, 182 7. Lofty, elevated. Lat. sublimis.

φαντασία. 230 29. Representation, image. Lat. imago.

φάρμακον. 208 17. Colour (for painting). Lat. pigmentum. For φάρμακα (= βάμματα, χρώματα) cp. Horace’s “lana Tarentino violas imitata veneno” (Ep. ii. 1. 207).

φάρυγξ. 150 7. Throat. Lat. guttur. Here used in the masculine gender, according to the best-supported reading. Galen (on Hippocr. Progn. p. 45), ὅτι φάρυγγα τὴν προκειμένην χώραν στομάχου τε καὶ λάρυγγος ὀνομάζει δῆλόν ἐστι.

φθαρτός. 266 9. Perishable. Lat. mortalis, periturus.

φθόγγος. 128 4, 130 12, 268 10. Sound, note. Lat. sonus.

φιλόκαλος. 66 16. Loving beauty, artistic. Lat. pulchritudinis studiosus.

φιλόλογος. 264 24. Loving literature, literary; a scholar. Lat. litterarum studiosus; litteratus, philologus.

φιλοπονία. 264 25. Loving care; industry. Lat. diligentia: which (etymologically) contains the same suggestion of ‘work done con amore.’

φιλόσοφος. 74 8, 132 22, 164 22, 248 15. Philosopher. Lat. philosophus. The comprehensive sense in which philosophy is understood may be illustrated from φιλοσοφία ( 140 12) and φιλοσοφεῖν ( 70 12). Cp. in modern times such academic vestiges of ancient usage as ‘Natural Philosophy’ or ‘Ph. D.’ In Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme (ii. 4) rhetoric is taught by the Maître de Philosophie; and Dionysius is fond of contrasting the philosophical, or scientific, rhetoric (ἡ φιλόσοφος ῥητορική) of the best Attic times with the later and purely empirical Asiatic rhetoric, to which he applies the epithet ἀμαθής. See further in D.H. p. 208.

φιλοτεχνεῖν. 154 20, 200 18. To practise an art lovingly, to be devoted to it. Lat. artem amare, in artem incumbere. So φιλοτέχνως 176 18. φιλοτεχνεῖν, φιλότεχνος and φιλοτεχνία are all used by Plato in reference to art pursued con amore; and Cicero (ad Att. xiii. 40. 1) uses φιλοτέχνημα of an elaborate work of art—a chef-d’œuvre: “Ubi igitur φιλοτέχνημα illud tuum quod vidi in Parthenone, Ahalam et Brutum?”

φιλοχωρεῖν. 110 5. To cling to a place, to haunt it. Lat. libenter in loco commorari. φιλοχωρεῖν is used repeatedly by Dionysius in the Antiqq. Rom. (e.g. i. 13 Ἀρκαδικὸν γὰρ τὸ φιλοχωρεῖν ὄρεσιν and v. 63 παρεκελεύοντο ἀλλήλοις μὴ φιλοχωρεῖν ἐν πόλει μηδενὸς αὐτοῖς ἀγαθοῦ μεταδιδούσῃ) and φιλοχωρία in i. 27 (ὑπὸ τῆς φιλοχωρίας κρατουμένους). Plutarch uses the word in reference to his birthplace Chaeroneia, telling us that he ‘clung fondly to the spot,’ lest by leaving it he should make a small place, but one which had witnessed thrilling scenes, ‘smaller yet’ (ἡμεῖς δὲ μικρὰν οἰκοῦντες πόλιν, καὶ ἵνα μὴ μικροτέρα γένηται φιλοχωροῦντες, Plut. Demosth. c. 2). The form χωροφιλεῖν seems to occur twice only in good Greek authors: (1) Antiphon de Caede Herodis § 78 εἰ δ’ ἐν Αἴνῳ χωροφιλεῖ [probably it is to this passage that Dionysius here refers]; (2) Ep. Thaletis ap. Diog. L. i. 44 σὺ μέντοι χωροφιλέων ὀλίγα φοιτέεις ἐς Ἰωνίην.

φλυαρία. 264 7, 268 15. Nonsense, foolery. Lat. nugae, ineptiae. So φλυάρημα (futility) 192 9. Notwithstanding the remarks in Stephanus, it would seem more natural to take φλύαρος as an adjective (than as a noun) in 272 20, 22, and this for two reasons: (1) the form φλυαρία has been used shortly before; (2) the adjectival use is sufficiently established by Hesychius’ note (φαῦλος, εὐήθης) and by that of Thom. M. p. 376 Ritschl (πολύλογος), while ἡ φλύαρος φιλοσοφία occurs in the Septuagint (Maccab. iv. 5, 10) and καὶ ὅλως ἀποδείκνυσι τὸν Πυθαγόρου λόγον φλύαρον in Plut. Mor. 169 E.

φορά. 144 22, 204 17, 244 20. Current, rush. Lat. cursus, impetus.

φορτικός. 252 14. Coarse, rude. Lat. insolens, importunus, insulsus.

φράσις. 84 2, 166 3, 182 8, 206 1, 15, 208 7, 250 14. Style, expression. Lat. elocutio. Cp. Quintil. viii. 1. 1 “igitur, quam Graeci φράσιν vocant, Latine dicimus elocutionem. ea spectatur verbis aut singulis aut coniunctis.”

φριμαγμός. 158 14. Snorting. Lat. fremitus. It is hardly likely that the word here means no more than βληχή, bleating.

Φρύγιος. 196 1. Phrygian. Lat. Phrygius. Cp. Monro’s Modes of Ancient Greek Music, passim.

φυλακή. 198 6. Preservation. Lat. conservatio.—In the de Imitat. B. vi. 3 the reading φυλακή (if correct) will correspond to the middle φυλάττεσθαι (not to φυλάττειν).

φυσικός. 96 23, 214 3, 224 5, 240 8, etc. Natural. Lat. naturalis. So φυσικῶς 200 12. ὁ φυσικός, in 214 3, = ‘the natural philosopher,’ ‘the physicist’ (of Empedocles). In 134 2 οὐδ’ ἔχει φύσιν τὸ πρᾶγμα ... πεσεῖν the meaning is ‘nor is the subject of such a nature that it can fall.’

φωνή. 130 4, 21, 136 22, 138 7, etc. Voice, sound. Lat. vox, sonus, sonus vocalis. Cp. φωνεῖν (‘to pronounce,’ etc.) 140 1, 20, 144 18, 148 14.

φωνήεις. 138 8, 9, 15, 140 2, 144 7, 150 17, 152 4, 220 11. Voiced. Lat. vocalis. φωνήεντα γράμματα = litterae vocales = vowels. For the term ‘voiced’ see s.v. ἄφωνος p. 292 supra. Cp. Dionys. Thrax Ars Gramm. p. 9 (ed. Uhlig) φωνήεντα δὲ λέγεται, ὅτι φωνὴν ἀφ’ ἑαυτῶν ἀποτελεῖ.

φωτεινός. 234 13. Full of light. Lat. lucidus, luminosus.

χαρακτήρ. 68 21, 80 17, 90 10, etc. Characteristic stamp, type. Lat. forma, nota. So the adjective χαρακτηρικός in 232 21 (cp. de Demosth. c. 39 init.). See further in D.H. p. 208, Demetr. p. 308.—In 230 9 the verb χαράττειν = ‘to irritate.’

χάρις. 112 5, 120 20, 124 12, etc. Charm, grace. Lat. venustas, lepor. Fr. grâce. Cp. Demetr. p. 308. So χαρίεις (‘refined,’ ‘elegant,’ ‘accomplished,’ ‘consummate’) 106 16, 116 1, 154 16; χαριέντως 110 22.

χλευασμός. 192 7. Scoffing, satire. Lat. derisio, illusio. χλευάζειν 270 3.

χορδή. 122 23. String, note. Lat. chorda.

χορεῖος. 170 17, 184 11. Choree. Lat. choreus. The metrical foot ᴗ ᴗ ᴗ. In 170 18 the reading τρίβραχυς πούς (τροχαῖος πούς F) seems to be a gloss. The term χορεῖος is applied to the trochee more commonly than to the tribrach. The Epitome (c. 17) gives χορεῖος (without addition).

χρεία. 104 21, 198 2. Use, practical work. Lat. usus. Cp. de Demosth. c. 45, de Thucyd. c. 55. There may also be some notion of practical need, stress: cp. ἐν χρείᾳ δορός (Soph. Aj. 963) and ὑπὸ τῆς χρείας αὐτῆς (schol. on Hom. Odyss. viii. 163).

χρεμετισμός. 158 14. Neighing, whinnying. Lat. hinnitus.

χρῆμα. 158 2. Object. Lat. res ipsa. Cp. note on p. 158 supra.

χρόνοι. 130 1, 164 5, 204 22 (lit. ‘does not divide the times’), 210 19, 216 18, 234 4, 244 19, 264 4. Times, time-intervals, time-spaces, rests, pauses. Lat. tempora, morae. So in 128 15 χρόνους = ‘the length of syllables,’ and in 130 7 ἐν τοῖς χρόνοις τῶν μορίων = ‘in the duration of words,’ ‘in quantity.’ χρόνων = ‘tenses,’ 108 5; χρόνιος = diuturnus, 202 23; χρονίζειν = immorari, 164 12.

χρῶμα. 88 12, 198 14. Colour. Lat. color. In 198 14 χρώμασιν should be retained (in place of Usener’s χρήμασιν) in the sense of ‘ornaments’; the ornaments in question being μέλος εὐγενές, ῥυθμὸς ἀξιωματικός, μεταβολὴ μεγαλοπρεπής ( 136 11, where compare τὸ πᾶσι τούτοις παρακολουθοῦν πρέπον with τοῖς ἄλλοις χρώμασιν ἅπασι παρεῖναι δεῖ τὸ πρέπον in 198 14). Compare too de Demosth. c. 22 κοσμοῦντος ἅπαντα καὶ χρωματίζοντος τῇ πρεπούσῃ ὑποκρίσει ἧς δεινότατος ἀσκητὴς ἐγένετο, and the use of χρῶμα (or χρώματα) in de Isaeo c. 4 and de Thucyd. c. 42. Photius (Bibl. Cod. 214) has ἔστι δὲ ἡ φράσις τῷ ἀνδρὶ σαφὴς μὲν καὶ καθαρὰ καὶ σπουδῇ φιλοσόφῳ πρέπουσα, οὐ μήν γε τοῖς κεκαλλωπισμένοις καὶ περιττοῖς ἐξωραϊζομένη χρώμασι καὶ ποικίλμασι τῆς ῥητορείας. Similarly color in Quintil. x. 1. 116, and Cic. de Orat. iii. 25. 100. The stage at which the χρῶμα would best be introduced in a historical work is suggested in a passage of Lucian (de conscrib. hist. 48): καὶ ἐπειδὰν ἀθροίσῃ ἅπαντα ἢ τὰ πλεῖστα, πρῶτα μὲν ὑπόμνημά τι συνυφαινέτω αὐτῶν καὶ σῶμα ποιείτω ἀκαλλὲς ἔτι καὶ ἀδιάρθρωτον· εἶτα ἐπιθεὶς τὴν τάξιν ἐπαγέτω τὸ κάλλος καὶ χρωννύτω (i.e. ‘tinge’) τῇ λέξει καὶ σχηματιζέτω καὶ ῥυθμιζέτω. But might it not be more truly said that a great historian like Gibbon has his χρῶμα from the beginning, —from the moment when he stands in the Forum and conceives his vast theme? It is in fact one aspect of his inspiration.

χρωματικός. 194 7, 196 3. Chromatic. Lat. chromaticus. For the chromatic scale see note on 194 7.

χώρα. 144 13. Room, space. Lat. locus, spatium. χωρίον in 126 6 = ‘distance,’ ‘interval.’

ψιλός. 130 5, 148 7, 12 (bis), 18, 19, 150 3, 9, 154 2, 250 12, 254 1. Bare, smooth, unaspirated. Lat. lenis. So ψιλότης 148 21. See s.v. δασύς p. 294 supra, with the reference there given to A. J. Ellis’ pamphlet. In 148 7 Ellis takes ‘smooth’ to mean ‘unaccompanied by voice, but in this case possibly not mute.’ In 130 5 the ‘ordinary’ voice, the voice ‘pure and simple’ (or ‘without addition’), is meant: cp. 154 2, 250 12, 254 1. So ἐν τοῖς ψιλοῖς λόγοις Aristot. Rhet. iii. 2. 3, and “nuda oratio” Cic. Orat. 55. 183.

ψοφοειδής. 162 15. Sounding. Lat. sonans. If the term is technical, it may perhaps be translated by fricative; it can hardly be so wide as consonantal.

ψόφος. 138 7, 8, 9, 12, 146 4, 222 2. A sound, a noise. Lat. sonus, strepitus. The consonants (litterae consonantes) are called ψόφοι, as contrasted with the φωνήεντα γράμματα.

ψῦγμα. 202 26. Inhalation. Lat. respiratio. Used particularly of the ‘catch of the breath’ (interspiratio) between one word and another. [ψῦγμα must, of course, be distinguished from ψῆγμα: cp. Long. p. 174.]

ᾠδή. 124 16, 22, 148 1, 224 21, 278 8. Song, lay, ode. Lat. cantus, carmen. So ᾠδικός = vocal (of the voice accompanied by music), 126 16, 130 5.

ὤρα. 78 12. Care, heed. Lat. cura. Cp. Hesychius: ὥρα ... ψιλῶς δὲ φροντίς, ἐπιμέλεια· ὅθεν ὀλίγωρον (i.e. ‘a poco curante,’ ‘a Hippocleides’) λέγομεν τὸν ὀλίγην ἔχοντα φροντίδα. In 78 12 M has γρ φροντίδα in the margin.

ὥρα. 120 20, 124 12, 162 1. Freshness, bloom, beauty. Lat. venustas, flos. Fr. fraîcheur. Cp. Ep. ad Cn. Pomp. c. 2 (quoted from de Demosth. c. 5: in reference to Plato’s style ὅ τε πίνος ὁ τῆς ἀρχαιότητος ἠρέμα αὐτῇ καὶ λεληθότως ἐπιτρέχει ἱλαρόν τέ τι καὶ τεθηλὸς καὶ μεστὸν ὥρας ἄνθος ἀναδίδωσι, καὶ ὥσπερ ἀπὸ τῶν εὐωδεστάτων λειμώνων αὔρα τις ἡδεῖα ἐξ αὐτῆς φέρεται).—In 68 14 and 76 6 ὥρα = ‘time,’ ‘season.’

ὡραϊσμός. 66 18. Adornment, elegance. Lat. elegantia.