INDEX

A.

Abbeville, condemnation of the
chevalier de la Barre at, II. 84.

Academy, the French, its judgment
on the "Cid," I. 47. Cardinal de
Richelieu's marginal observations
on that critique, 48. Question of
electing Molière, 141. La Fontaine,
academician, 167. Boileau's
election, 167. The "Dictionary"
of, 168. Furetière's Dictionary
in competition to it, 168.

Academy of Sciences, the French
Royal, II. 25.

Æschylus, I. 40718 .

Alembert, see D'Alembert.

Amelot, M., secretary of state, II.
46, 47.

Angennes, Mlle. Julie d', deity of
the Hôtel Rambouillet, I. 108.
Duchess of Montauzier, 123.
263, n.

Angennes, Angélique, married to
the chevalier de Grignan, I. 247,
248.

Anne of Austria, regent during the
minority of Louis XIV., I. 66.
She withdraws from Paris, with
the young king and Mazarin, to
St. Germain, 70. The capital
blockaded by Condé, 70. A short
peace, 71.

Antoine, Faubourg St., battle
between Condé and Turenne near
the gates of the, I. 81. Turenne
victorious, 81.

Arbuthnot, Dr., character of, I. 30.

Argenson, M. d', anecdote relative
to, I. 235.

Argental, count d', II. 53. 100.

Ariosto, I. 154. Imitated by La Fontaine,
165. 181.

Aristotle, controversy respecting,
excited by Rabelais, I. 31. Ramus's
Anti-Stagyrite, 31.

Arlechino, or Harlequin, Italian
actor, I. 102.

Arnaud, Antony, the abbé, controversialist,
I. 198. 267. 315. 339.

Arnaud d'Andilli, brother of Antony,
I. 198.

Arnaud, Angélique, abbess of Port
Royal, I. 198.

Arouet, M., father of Voltaire, II. 4.
7. 9. 11.

Artagnan, M. d', I. 223, n.

Assoucy, d', musician and poet,
kindly entertained during his
peregrinations by Molière and his
brother comedians, I. 104.

Atmospheric air, properties of, I. 191.

B.

Bacon, Francis lord, his opinion of
Rabelais, I. 23.

Ballads, Spanish and Moorish, I.
45.

Balzac, poetry of, I. 153.

Barante, M., his "Literature of the
Eighteenth Century," II. 14, n.

Bardou, French poet, I. 265.

Baron, excellent comedian, I. 131.
132. 143.
Barre, chevalier de la, execution of
the, II. 84.

Beauvilliers, duke de, I. 335.

Béjart, brothers, comedians in Molière's
troop, I. 102. Facetiousness
of the younger, 121.

Béjart, Madeleine, actress, her
beauty, I. 102.

Béjart, Armande, is married by
Molière, I. 102. Their union infelicitous,
117. 131. Implores
Louis XIV. that her deceased
husband should be buried in holy
ground, 140. She marries M.
Guérin, comedian, 148.

Bellay, du, archbishop of Paris,
friendly to Rabelais, I. 24, 25. 27.
Ambassador from Francis I. to
Paul III., 28. He receives Rabelais
in his household at Paris,
33. Supposed dying message by
Rabelais to, 39.

Bellerose, Pierre le Meslier named,
tragedian, I. 98.

Benedictine order, claims of for
respect, I. 25.

Benserade, court poet, I. 226.

Bergerac, Cyrano de, I. 99.

Bernier, traveller in the East, I. 99.
100.

Bible, English, an example for
language, I. 61.

Boccaccio, his works acknowledged
to be diverting by La Fontaine, I.
154. 181.

Boétie, Etienne de la, friendship of
Montaigne for, I. 7. Latin poem
by, 16. Death-bed of, 9.

Boileau Despréaux, Nicholas, epigram
on Corneille by, I. 57. His
high estimate of Molière's genius,
97. 118. 146. His regret for the
loss of Molière's early farces, 105.
He criticises "Les Fourberies de
Scapin," 134. His advice to Molière,
142. His poetry remarkable
for wit, but without humour,
146. His observations on La
Fontaine, 160. 165. In favour
with Louis XIV., 163. Is elected
of the French Academy, 167.
His admiration of the "Lettres
Provinciales" of Pascal, 202.
His father, Giles Boileau, 259.
Birth of Nicholas in 1636, 259.
At school he commenced writing
poetry, 260. Studies law, and
named advocate, 261. Attacks
Chapelain and Cotin, 263. 265.
Substitutes fresh victims of his
satire in place of such as had
surrendered at discretion, 265.
His friends, 267. He speaks of
his own success, 268, n. His "Art
Poétique," 270. The "Lutrin,"
270. Passages from, 272-279.
Leigh Hunt's parallel of Boileau
and Pope, 271, n. Boileau eulogises
Louis XIV., and is favourably
received at court, 278. Is
named historiographer conjointly
with Racine, 279. These poets
accompany Louis to Ghent, 280.
Is liable in camp to alarms,
his phlegmatic disposition, 281.
His conversations with madame
de Maintenon and Racine, 283.
Desires a seat in the French
Academy, 167. 284. Repairs to
the baths of Bourbon for health,
285. His correspondence by
letter of much interest, 285.
286. Is indignant as to Perrault's
"Siècle de Louis Quatorze,"
287. His Satire on Women,
288. His pension, 289. His
tender regard for Racine, 289.
He loses his valued friend, 290.
His interview with Louis as sole
historiographer, 291. His retirement,
291. His amusements in
old age, 291. Sells his house at
Auteuil, 292. His piety, 293.
Completes an edition of his works,
293. Account of several of his
works, 293. et passim. Dies of
dropsy on the chest at seventy-five
years of age, 294. His superior
wit, 294. His verses highly
finished and regular, 295. The
"Lutrin" his best poem, 295.
Teaches Racine that easy versification
is the result of painstaking,
307. He reconciles Antoine
Arnaud, and Racine, 315. His
enduring kindness for Racine,
327. His name of Despréaux, II.
21.

Boisrobert, French poet, I. 43. 47.

Bonaparte, general, his first interview
with madame de Staël, II.
322. Appointed first consul, 323.
Surmises as to the causes of Bonaparte's
enmity, 324. His interview
with M. Necker, 325. He
permits madame de Staël to reside
in Paris, 326. Not being lauded
by her, he seizes her "Germany,"
and exiles her from France, 332.
On his return from Elba, invites
her to assist him in forming a
constitution; her answer, 340.

Bonnecorse, French writer, I. 265.
266.

Bordeaux, the father of Montaigne
mayor of, I. 1. Michel Montaigne
(the Essayist) mayor, 19. Re-election
of Montaigne, 19. Warfare
of the Fronde against the
royal party, at, 73. The prince of
Condé joyfully received by the
Bordelais, 77. Molière patronised
by the duke d'Epernon at, 102.

Bose, M., letter from madame Roland
to, II. 272. He visits her in
prison, 289.

Bossuet, bishop of Meaux, witnesses
the death of the duke of Rochefoucauld,
I. 90. His intended marriage,
334. Abandons it for the
church, 334. Appointed preceptor
to the dauphin, 334. 336. His
funeral oration on Henrietta, duchess
of Orléans, 334, n. His "Discours
sur l'Histoire Universelle,"
334. He causes the misfortunes
of Fénélon by his zeal against the
doctrines of quietisme, 345. No
reconciliation takes place between
Bossuet and Fénélon, 356.

Bonhours, le père, jesuit, I. 203, n.

Bouillon, duke of, I. 73. His death
of typhus fever, 82.

Bouillon, duchess of, I. 70. Niece
of Mazarin, 158. She conducts La
Fontaine to Paris, 159. 172. 177.

Bouillon, M., his "Joconde," I. 165.

Bourdaloue, le père, I. 202, n. 257, n.
Said to surpass his instructor,
Bossuet, in pulpit eloquence, 334.

Boursault, French dramatic author,
I. 265. His visit to Boileau, 266.

Bretons, character of this race, I.
216. Their loyalty romantic and
excessive, 216.

Brissot, M., and the Girondists, II.
273. 314. He falls into disrepute,
276. Their known moderation,
281. 283. Louvet accuses Robespierre,
but is ill supported except
by the Gironde deputies, 284. Act
of accusation against them, 290.
Execution of Brissot, 291.

Brittany, province of, I. 214. 216.
Affairs of, 243.

Broglie, duke de, espouses Albertine,
daughter of madame de
Staël, II. 340.

Bruyère, see La Bruyère.

Buchanan, George, applauds the
early teaching Latin to Montaigne,
I. 4.

Budæus, referred to as to Rabelais,
I. 24.

Burke, right hon. Edmund, his opinion
of Oliver Goldsmith, I. 182.

Burgundy, duke of, grandson of
Louis XIV., his preceptors, I. 335.
359. 364. His death, 365. II. 10.

Bussy-Rabutin, Roger, count de,
cousin of madame de Sévigné, I.
217. Her letters to the count,
217. His letters to madame de
Sévigné, 217. 219. Particulars of
his career, 218, n. His licentious
works, 221.

C.

Cailhava, his "Art de la Comédie,"
I. 154, n.

Calas, Jean, inquiry into the injustice
of the condemnation of, II. 80.

Calonne, administration of this financier,
II. 304.

Calvin, John, his reproof of Rabelais,
I. 31.

Castro, Guillen de, the "Cid" of, I.
45.

Catherine II., her correspondence
with M. de Voltaire, II. 107.

Caumartin, M. de, II. 10.

Cavoie, M. de, I. 281. 317.

Chamfort, his éloge of Molière, I.
148.

Champmélé, mademoiselle de, celebrated
actress, I. 307.

Charles VI., the emperor, death of,
II. 42.

Chapelain, French poet and critic,
I. 47. 48. Character of, 262. His
poem of "La Pucelle d'Orléans,"
262. 263, n. Other allusions to,
301.

Chapelle, poet, education of, I. 99.
His good-fellowship, 115. 131. 132.
Allusions to, 216.

Chateauneuf, the abbé de, II. 5. 6.

Chateauneuf, marquis de, II. 7.

Châteauroux, duchess of, II. 44. 47.

Châtelet, marquis du, his castle of
Cirey affords a refuge to Voltaire,
II. 24. 26.

Châtelet, madame du, Voltaire's
intimacy with, II. 21. She learns
English of Voltaire, 25. 26. Her
literary taste, 25. 29. She revisits
Paris with Voltaire, 42. Visits
Sceaux, 48. Her death, 52.

Châtillon, duchess of, I. 217.

Chaulnes, duke of, governor of Britany,
I. 248.

Chaulnes, duchess of, I. 243. 248. 252.

Chavigni, duke of, I. 82.

Chevreuse, duchess de, favourite of
Anne, regent of France, I. 64. 65.
66. Is banished, 67.

Chimène, or Ximena, part of, critique,
I. 45. 46.

Choiseul, duke of, II. 81. 82. 101.

"Cid," the, of Guillen de Castro, I.
45. 101.

"Cinna," tragedy of, by Corneille,
I. 49.

Cirey, château of the marquis du
Châtelet in Champagne, II. 24. 27.
Voltaire's mode of life there, 28.

Clairon, mademoiselle, actress, II. 44.

Clement VII., pope, I. 25.

Clement XI., I. 367.

Colbert, minister of Louis XIV., I.
163. 166. 222. 287, n. 301.

Colletet, French author, I. 43.

Comedy, French: Corneille's "Mélite,"
I. 42. His "Illusion," 44.
His "Le Menteur," 51. Racine's
"Les Plaideurs," 53. See Theatre.

Condé, the great prince of, I. 53. 60.
Defeats the Spaniards at Rocroi,
67. Blockades Paris, 70. Is imprisoned,
70. And liberated by de
Retz and the Frondeurs, 73.
Joined by the Spaniards in the
south of France, 77. Quits Guienne
to join the forces of the duke of
Nemours, 78. Perilous journey,
79. Is opposed by Turenne, 80.
Contest between these great commanders
near Paris, 81. The Parisians
show great regard for him,
82. On occasion of a tumult and
partial massacre, he incurs their
hatred, 82. His admiration of
Molière, 113. 124. Further allusions
to, 278. 313. 327. 331.

Condorcet, Marie Jean Antoine de
Caritat, marquis de, born in Picardy,
II. 175. His scientific works,
172. et seq. His examination of
the "Pensées de Pascal," 177.
Intimacy with men of science, 178.
Replies to Necker's book, 178. His
edition of Voltaire, and a life of
that author, 103. 178. Replies to
De Lolme on the English Constitution,
179. Character of Condorcet,
179. What share he had in the
French revolution, 180. Violent
speech of against monarchy, 182.
184. His political writings, 182.
184. 187. Supports in his speeches
the cause of liberty, 182. 184. 187.
Esteemed for his integrity, 184.
His metaphysical deductions, 185.
His enlarged views regarding
national education, 186. His vote
went to save Louis XVI., 188.
Denounced by Chabot, as an
accomplice of Brissot, 190. His
"Historical Sketch of the Progress
of the Human Mind," 190.
His views of human perfection,
191. His epistle in verse
to his wife, 192. He retires to
Chamont, 192. Is discovered, and
imprisoned at Bourg-la-Reine,
193. Dies of cold and hunger in
jail, 193. His character as given
by madame Roland, 193. His wife
escaped the dangers of the revolution,
194. She wrote some philosophical
works, 194.; and died
in 1822, 194. Mademoiselle de
Condorcet married Arthur
O'Connor, 194.

Conti, Armand de Bourbon, prince
of, I. 60. 68. Engaged in the civil
war on the side of the Fronde,
I. 60. 68. Holds out in Bordeaux
and Guienne for several years,
83, n. Educated in the college
of Clermont, 99. He patronizes
Molière at Pezenas, 105. 106. Allusions
to, 236.

Conti, the princess of, I. 286.

Conti, the prince of, entertains
J. J. Rousseau, II. 159. Affords
him a refuge, 162.

Corbinelli, M., account of, I. 256.
His wit, 237. His letters, 245.

Corneille, Pierre, the father of
French tragedy, I. 40. His parents,
40. His brother, Thomas
Corneille, also a dramatist of celebrity,
41. His sister Marthe,
mother of Fontenelle, 41. Taught
at Rouen by Jesuits, 41. His first
work, "Mélite," a comedy, 42.
Mediocrity of his first dramas,
42. Corrects the plays of Richelieu,
43. His associates in that
task, 43. He retires from Paris
to Rouen, 43. His poems to madame
Du Pont, 43. His "Medée"
unsuccessful, 44. "Illusion," a
comedy, 44. His genius fires with
the study of Spanish dramas, 44.
Reads the "Cid" of Guillen de
Castro, 45. Corneille's drama of
the "Cid," 45. 46. 101. Its plot
and action, 101. Its renown, 47.
Critique of the "Cid," by the Académie
Française, 47. 48. Richelieu's
observations thereon, 48.
Corneille's tragedy of "Horace,"
48. His tragedy of "Cinna,"
49. "Polyeucte," 50. His
comedy of "Le Menteur," 51.
"Rodogune," 52. Ill success of
"Don Sancho," "Theodore,"
and "Pertharite," 52. His "Essays
on the Theatre," 54. His
translation of the "Imitation of
Jesus Christ," 54. Tragedy of
"Œdipe," 54. Its success, 54. His
genius afterwards unequal to his
former fame, 54. Pension granted
him by Louis XIV., 55. 60. Character
of the great dramatist, 60.
His fruitless attempts in later
tragedies, 56. His "Agesilas
and Attila," 57. His wife and
sister described, 56. Is established
in Paris, 56. Parallel of Racine
and Corneille, 57. "Berenice,"
a subject treated by both poets,
58. Corneille less successful than
his rival, 59. "Pulchérie," and
"Suréna," his last plays, 59.
Death of Corneille, aged seventy-nine,
59. Unison of his character
with his works, 59. Public applause
of the poet, 60. Eloge of,
by Racine, 61. A great-niece of,
adopted by Voltaire, 61, n. II. 78.
His sons, I. 61. Allusions to, 262.

Corneille, Thomas, dramatic author,
I. 41. Success of his "Timocrates,"
56. "Le Comte d'Essex"
popular, 56. He and his
brother Pierre marry the demoiselles
de Lamperière, 56. Harmony
of the Corneille family, 56.
Some quotations from, 43, n. 55, n.
59, n.

Corneille, Marthe, the mother of
Fontenelle, I. 41. 56.

Cotin, l'Abbé, his death hastened
by critics and satirists, I. 147.
Molière's attack on, 153, 154. Boileau's
satire on, 263.

Coulanges, Marie de, baronne de
Chantal, mother of madame de
Sévigné, I. 215.

Coulanges, Christophe de, abbé de
Livry, takes charge of his orphan
niece, madame de Sévigné, I.
215. His consolations afforded her
on the death of the marquis her
husband, 218. His death, 251.

Coulanges, M. de, cousin of madame
de Sévigné, I. 232. Lawsuit
of, pleaded by himself, 232. Dialogue
in verse by, 232, n. Impromptu
by, 235. His death,
235.

Coulanges, madame de, I. 232. Celebrated
for wit and beauty, 234.
339.

Couvreur, mademoiselle, death and
mode of sepulture of this actress,
II. 23.

Crébillon, dramatic poet, II. 43. 50.
A rival of Voltaire, 51. 57.

Cuspidius, Lucius, will of, I. 37.

D.

D'Alembert, M., proverbial saying
of, I. 163. Remarks of, 334. 336.
His éloge of Fénélon, 345, n. 369.
371. The Encyclopédie, II. 77.
His friendship with Condorcet,
176.

D'Angeau, marquis do, I. 58. His
fortune at play, 244, n.

Dauphin, the, son of Louis XIV.,
I. 334. 336, n.

Davenport, Mr., permits Rousseau
to occupy his house at Wotton in
Derbyshire, II. 160.

Denis, madame, niece of Voltaire,
II. 53. 55. 58. 69. 89. 98. 99. 105.

Descartes, his celebrity for science,
I. 185.

Desfontaines, the abbé, II. 31, 32.

Deshoulières, madame, her sonnet
on Racine's "Phèdre," I. 312.

Des Marais, bishop of Chartres, I.
342.

Des Marets, French academician, I.
47.

Devaux, M., II. 33.

Diderot, M., writes a large portion
of the Encyclopédie, II. 77. That
work was condemned by the parliament
and clergy, and suppressed,
77. Is confined at Vincennes
for publishing a pamphlet,
133. Visited by J. J. Rousseau,
133. High reputation of, 171.

Drama, the: France indebted to
Spanish tragic authors, I. 41. 45.
In comedy to Lope di Vega, 51.
The Greek drama not suitable to
modern times, 305. Voltaire's critique
on the tragedies of Sophocles,
II. 15. See Theatre.

Dubois, cardinal, II. 10.

Du Deffand, la marquise, letter
from Voltaire to, II. 89. 103.

Dumouriez, general, minister for
foreign affairs, II. 277. 278. 314.

Dupin, madame, II. 128. 129.

Duprat, chancellor, invades the
privileges of the faculty at Montpellier,
I. 27. The gift of tongues
an introduction of Rabelais to, 27.

Dupuis, M. and madame, II. 89.

Duverdier, the Bibliothèque Française
of, I. 39. His Prosographie,
39.

E.

Encyclopédie, by MM. Diderot,
d'Alembert, Voltaire, and others,
II. 77. 148.

Enville, duchess d', II. 81.

Epinay, madame d', II. 138. 143. 145.
164.

Etallonde, the chevalier d', II. 86.
107.

Euripides, I. 40.

F.

Fables of La Fontaine, I. 164. 178.
180. Gay's, 179. Anonymous
English fables imitated from La
Fontaine, 179.

Fayette, countess de la, her novel
of "La Princesse de Clèves," I.
84. Her taste and erudition, 85.
Friendship of the duke of Rochefoucauld
for, 85. 87. Her mansion
the resort of French literati, &c.,
231. Her portrait or character of
de Sévigné, 255.

Fénélon, François de Salignac de
la Mothe, born in 1651, I. 329. His
ancestry, 329. His education, 331.
Takes his degree at Cahors, 331.
The abbé Fénélon's sermons at
nineteen applauded, 331. His strict
attention to the sacerdotal duties,
332. His purpose of becoming missionary,
332. Louis XIV. desires
him to convert the Huguenots,
333. Is the pupil and friend of Bossuet,
335. Writes on female education,
335. His "Telemachus,"
337. 356. 371. Appointed archbishop
of Cambrai, 339. Is deceived
by the zeal and pretended
visions of madame Guyon, 340.
Declines approval of Bossuet's
condemnation of her, 343. Louis
XIV. did not like Fénélon, 345, n.
Exiled to his diocese, 346. 360.
His "Exposition des Maximes
des Saints sur la vie intérieure,"
344. The pope condemns the
book, 352. Controversy on this
subject among the great prelates,
344. 350. Fénélon's letters, 360.
His religious principles, 362. et
passim. Is visited by the duke of
Burgundy at Cambrai, 364. His
active charity, 365. Louis XIV.
becomes sensible of his unjust
treatment of this great prelate,
366. The archbishop's sickness
and death, 367. His character,
368. 370. His conversation, 368.
Ramsay, a Scottish baronet, describes
his habits and disposition,
369. 370. His dialogues on eloquence,
372. Political views in
his "Telemachus," 373.

Fénélon, marquis de, I. 331. 367.

Ferney, château of, Voltaire's seclusion
at the, II. 76. Visitors to,
90. Marmontel, 91. Countess de
Genlis, 96.

Ferney, village of, II. 101.

Fleuri, cardinal de, II. 32. 42. 44.
His death.

Fleury, abbé de, sous-précepteur
of the princes, I. 336.

Fontaine, see La Fontaine, I. 150.
&c.

Fontenelle, nephew of Corneille, I.
41. Observations by, on La Fontaine,
178.

Fouquet, minister of finance, incites
Pierre Corneille to write
"Œdipe," a tragedy, I. 54. His
mistake in entertaining his monarch
too sumptuously, 111. Offends
mademoiselle de la Vallière.
112. Louis XIV. restrains his
anger during the fête given by
the financier, 113. His disgrace,
162. Is brought to trial, 222.
Imprisoned in Pignerol until his
death in 1680, 224. His correspondence
seized, 224.

France, the civil war between Catholics
and Huguenots, I. 11.
Consequences of civil war, the
rise of statesmen and warriors,
and next of poets and authors,
41. Events on the death of Louis
XIII., 64. Corruption of manners,
67. Condé and Turenne
defeat the Spaniards, 67. Broils
and adventures in the contest of
the Fronde against Mazarin and
the court, 70. 75. The kingdom
suffers in commerce, learning,
arts and sciences; and demoralization
a further consequence of
civil war, 77. Licentiousness
resulting from the war, 104.
French manners liable to ridiculous
interpretation, 109. Molière
lashes these foibles, 109.
Anecdotes descriptive of the state
of society, 171. 217. 230. II. 45.
Literature not good at the commencement
of Louis XIV.'s
reign, I. 262. War of the Spanish
succession, 362. Invasion of
Flanders, 364. The nation vain,
and fond of glory, II. 21. Intolerance
of the clergy of, 99. 108.

Franceuil, M., his friendship for
J. J. Rousseau, II. 128. 129. 135.

Francis I., court of, I. 27. 30. He
protects Rabelais against the Sorbonne,
32.

Franciscan order, the, I. 24.

Frederic the Great, king of Prussia,
his correspondence with Voltaire,
II. 35. He visits Strasbourg,
39. Voltaire's interview with
Frederic at the castle of Clèves,
39. Description of the monarch,
39. 41. He attacks the principles
of Machiavelli, 40. He seizes on
Silesia, 42. Concludes peace with
the empress Maria Theresa, 46.
Negotiations with France, 47.
The king welcomes Voltaire to
Potsdam, and grants him a place
and a pension, 57-65. Appoints
Maupertuis, president of the Royal
Academy, 54. Refuses permission
to Voltaire to quit his service,
67. Their interview, 67.
Reconciliation effected, 68. Frederic
sends to Voltaire at Frankfort
for a volume of the king's
poems, 69. Voltaire's arrest until
he can receive the volume left
at Leipsic, 69. Frederic defeated
in battle, addresses an epistle in
verse to Voltaire, 73. He gains
two victories, 74. His opinion of
Voltaire's powers of conversation,
90. Invites J. J. Rousseau to
Berlin, 157.

French language: affected and extravagant
style of Mlle. de Scudéri
and others of the Hôtel
Rambouillet, I. 107. 108.

Fronde, civil war of the, described,
I. 68. &c. Great men of this party
enumerated, 69. The new and
old Fronde, 74. Character of
the times of the Fronde, 95. 96.
See Life of Rochefoucauld.

Furetière, abbé, his Dictionary, I.
168. Anger of against the French
Academy, 168.

G.

Galen, edition of, by Rabelais, I. 26.
28. "Ars Medicinalis" of, 37.

Galileo, his investigation of atmospheric
laws, I. 191.

Gallanous, Peter, controversy of
respecting Aristotle, I. 31.

Gamache, viscountess de (Eléanore
de Montaigne), I. 21.

"Gargantua, the Giant, and Pantagruel,"
of Rabelais, I. 31. Supposed
personages pourtrayed in,
32. Editions thereof, 38.

Gascony and Guienne, character of
the people of, I. 1.

Gassendi, astronomer and mathematician,
instructs Chapelle and
Molière, I. 99.

Gaussin, Mademoiselle, celebrated
and beautiful actress, II. 22.

Gauthier Garguille, excellent comedian,
I. 101.

Gay's Fables, comparison of La
Fontaine's with, I. 179.

Geneva, residence of "Les Délices"
acquired by Voltaire near to,
II. 71. 74.362 75. Quits it for the
château de Ferney, on the adjacent
French territory, 76. Rousseau's
early years passed at
Geneva, 112. Kind reception of
him at a later period by his
countrymen, 137. Voltaire and
d'Alembert desirous of softening
the tone of society in, by establishing
dramatic, representations,
149. Rousseau replies to
their article for that object in the
Encyclopédie, 149. Ferment at,
in which the writings of Rousseau
were concerned, 157.

Genlis, countess de, narrates her
visit to Voltaire at Ferney, II. 94.
Rousseau offended by, 167.

Gex, town of, II. 100.

Gibbon, Edward, esq. the historian,
an admirer of mademoiselle
Churchod, the mother of madame
de Staël, II. 296. 305.

Gilbert, tragedy of "Rodogune" by,
I. 53.

Ginguené, M., criticisms of, I. 34.

Goldsmith, Oliver, opinions relative
to his conversation, I. 182.

Gournay le Jars, Marie de, I. 20.
Publishes the Essays of Montaigne,
who had treated her as a
daughter by adoption, 21.

Gourville, secretary to de la Rochefoucauld,
I. 67. 70. 78. 79. His
Memoirs referred to, 84. 120.

Graffigny, madame de, II. 26. 30. 33.

Grammont, count de, espouses
miss Hamilton, I. 119.

Greek, Rabelais familiar with, I. 38.

Greek tragedy, unities of the,
I. 45. 49. 52.

Grignan, count de, his marriage,
I. 227. Praise of him by madame
de Sévigné, 227. He repairs to
Provence as lieutenant-governor,
228.

Grignan, countess de, daughter of
madame, de Sévigné, educated
by her mother, II. 218. Is presented
at court, 225. Appeared at the
fêtes of Versailles, 226. Her
beauty celebrated by Benserade,
226. Accepts the hand of the
count de Grignan, a widower,
227. Accompanies her husband
to Provence, 228. Portraiture of
the countess, 229. Visits of madame
de Sévigné to her in Provence,
228. 241. Madame de
Grignan attends her mother in
Paris when ill, 245. But returns
to Provence herself in ill health,
246. Renewed journeys to see
her mother, and to Provence, 246.
247. 249. Her children, 248. Is
on terms of affection with her
mother, 250. Attended in sickness
by her mother, 254.

Grignan, marquis de, their son, I.
230, n. 250. 251. 254. 258.

Grignan, chevalier de, an uncle,
I. 246. His family, 246. 247.

Grignan, Pauline de, daughter of
the countess, I. 248, n. 251. She
marries the marquis de Simiane,
254. 258.

Grimm, baron de. Correspondence
of, I. 63. II. 103. J. J. Rousseau's
friendship for, 144. Account of
the baron, 145. His report as to
Rousseau, 164. 171.

Gros Guillaume, comedian, I. 101.

Gros René, comedian, I. 102.

Gros René, madame, actress, I. 102.

Guibert, count de, II. 98.

Guise, duke of, assassinated at Blois,
I. 11.

Guyon, madame, enthusiasm or
mysticism of, I. 340. et seq. Her
fervour occasions the disgrace of
Fénélon, 342. He speaks in her
cause to Bossuet, 342. Her party
punished, 343.

H.

Hamilton, la belle, countess of
Grammont, I. 119.

Hardy, early French dramatic author,
I. 41.

Harlay de, archbishop of Paris, I.
140. 333.

Harpe, La, M., critical remarks of
I. 178. 258. II. 102.

Helvetius, M., II. 171. Madame
Roland's opinion as to, 263.

Henrietta of England, duchess of
Orléans, I. 58. 308. Her death,
164.

Henry, king of Navarre, I. 11.

Henry IV. king of France, I. 11.
Character of his court warlike and
unlettered, 41. The "Henriade"
a history of this great monarch
and his times, II. 12.

Herbault, Puits d', monk of Fontevrault,
I. 31.

Hippocrates, edited or translated by
Rabelais, I. 26. 28. 37. His system,
26.

Holland, lord, on the Spanish
Drama, &c., I. 45, n.

Houdetot, countess d', II. 128. Her
visit to J. J. Rousseau at the Hermitage,
141.

Huguenots, blame attached by
Montaigne to their party, I. 12.
Oppression of the, 257. Bourdaloue
sent into the south to
convert protestants, 257, n. Fénélon
commissioned to convert
the Huguenots, 333. Out of the
pale of the Romish church, 339.
II. 79. The dragonnades, 79. 87.

Hume, David, persuades Rousseau
to visit England, II. 159. Is indignant
at the folly and jealousies
of Jean Jacques, 162.

I.

Innocent X., condemns the five propositions
on grace and election,
said to be from the book on Augustin
by Jansenius, I. 200.

Intolerance, cases of, II. 79. 83. 85.

J.

James II., arrival of, in France, I.
251.

Jansenius, Cornelius, bishop of
Ypres, five propositions selected
by the Jesuits from his work on
St. Augustin, and condemned by
the Sorbonne, I. 200.

Jansenists, origin of the, I. 200.
Controversies respecting the abbé
Arnaud, 200.; and the Lettres
Provinciales, 207. Praise of
education by the Jansenists, 298.
Their spirit of controversy, 339.
Fénélon opposed to Jansenism,
362. Persecution of the, II. 86.

Jesuits, order of, I. 200. 207. They
employ themselves particularly in
education, 298. Polemical spirit
infused by the religious orders,
and an apathy for the affairs of
this world, 298. Banishment of
the, II. 87.

Jordan, Mrs., her excellent taste,
and vivacity in comedy, I. 117.

Jura Mountains, peasants of the,
II. 100.

K.

Keith, lord, his regard for Rousseau,
II. 157.

Kœnig, Prussian mathematician,
II. 65.

L.

La Beaumelle, his attack on Voltaire
in Prussia, II. 66.

La Bruyère, his critique on Rabelais,
I. 34. Describes Corneille's
conversation and manner, 55. His
portrait of La Fontaine, 181.

La Fare, anacreontic poet, I. 171.

La Fontaine, Jean de, versifier of
Rabelais' Tales, I. 34. His life
peaceful, 150. Born in 1621 at
Château Thierry, 150. His father,
151. He enters the community
of the Pères de l'Oratoire,
151. Renounces the cloister, and
espouses Mlle. Marie d'Héricart,
151. Becomes master of the royal
domains in his district, 151.
Hears Malherbe's ode on the assassination
of Henri IV., and
commences poet, 152. Studies
the Roman poets, 153. Verses by,
112. His "Adonis" in heroic
verse, 155. His character indolent
and insouciant, 155. Resides
long at Château Thierry, 155.
Fights M. Poignan, on account
of madame de la Fontaine, 156.
That officer disarms the poet both
of sword and jealousy, 156. Divers
reports as to the placid temper
of his wife, 157. Visits Paris,
but neglects business, 157. Becomes
domiciled with the duke
and duchess of Bouillon, 159.
His intimacy with Racine, Molière,
and Boileau, 160. Comfortable
amid Parisian society, he
forgets his wife and his home, 161.
Fouquet grants him a pension,
162. He solicits that finance
minister's pardon from Louis
XIV., 162. 222. His "Contes et
Merveilles en vers," 163. 173. Tale
of "Pysche and Cupid," 163. 177.
Noticed by Henrietta duchess of
Orléans. 164. His tale of "Joconde,"
165. His "Fables," 164.
178. 180. Is elected of the French
Academy, 167. Anecdote on that
subject, 167. He has the ill luck
to displease the abbé Furetière
by an inadvertence, 168. La Fontaine
incorrigibly forgetful, 169.
Forgets that he has a son, and
admires him as a stranger, 169.
Anecdotes exhibiting him, 170,
&c. Resides in the house of madame
d'Hervart, 172. 170. Decline
of his health, 173. The
priests constrain him to destroy
some of his works, 173. And to
make public reparation for the
evil influence of his "Fables,"
175. He recovers and writes
more tales, 176. Dies, aged
seventy-four, 176. Criticism on
his works, 177. His dramatic
pieces, 178. His tables and tales,
178. 180. English fables compared
with, 179. Opinions by his
contemporaries of, 181. Epitaph
by himself, 182.

La Harpe, M., criticisms of, I. 178.
258. II. 102.

Lally-Tolendal, M. de, saved by
madame de Staël, II. 315. 316.

Lamb, Miss, pretty song by, I. 108.

La Metrie, physician at Potzdam,
II. 62.

Lamoignon, M. de, premier président,
I. 267. 271.

Langeron, the abbé de, I. 366.
"Langey, Chevalier de, Military
Stratagems and Prowess of," by
Rabelais, I. 37.

La Noue, tragedian, II. 43.

Leibnitz, letter of the celebrated,
II. 65.

Le Kain, tragedian, II. 54. He resides
with Voltaire, and performs
on his stage, 54.

Le Nôtre, architect, &c., I. 112.

Lettres Provinciales of Pascal, I.
198. Object of this work explained,
201. Condemnation of
the book, 207. Misfortunes resulting
therefrom at Port Royal,
207.

L'Huilier, M., engages Gassendi to
educate Chapelle the poet, I. 99.

Ligne, prince de, visits Rousseau
incognito, II. 165. Declares himself
by letter, and kindly offers
a home to J. J. Rousseau, 166.

Locke, John, works of, II. 18. 24.
His "Treatise on Education,"
151.

Longueville, duke of, I. 69.

Longueville, duchess of, I. 68. Her
beauty, 70. Various allusions to
this princess, 72. 74. 77. Her character
and religious sentiments,
83, n.

Louis XIII., accession of, I. 64.
Death of, 66. M. Poquelin and
his son Molière his deputy, valet-de-chambre
to, 100. The king
causes M. de Cinq-Mars and De
Thou to be beheaded, 100. Allusions
to this monarch, 215.

Louis XIV., grants a pension to
Pierre Corneille, I. 55. His attachment
to Henrietta duchess of
Orléans, 58. Splendour of his
court begins to be remarkable,
111. Takes a part in the ballets at
court, 118. 119. Discontinues to
do so, from a passage in "Britannicus"
alluding to Nero, 118,
n. His journeys, 120. Flattery
of by the poets and savants, 163.
Did not comprehend La Fontaine,
164. And delays his ratification
of his being received in the French
Academy, 167. Trial of Fouquet,
finance minister, 112. 113. 222.
223. The king refuses to pardon
him, 224. The fêtes at Versailles,
225. 256. Tournament at, Louis
representing count Roger, 225.
His affection for the beautiful
La Vallière, 112. 119. 162. 225.
236. His court described, 244, n.
His queen, 236. Secret marriage
with madame de Maintenon, 87.
236. 237. 248. His reign, animadversions
on, 257. 323. Age of
Louis XIV. described, 269. Louis
XIV. conceives a dislike for Fénélon,
333. 346. Perceives his injustice,
but burns his papers, 366.
Anecdotes of the king, 319. 323.
Preceptors to his son and grand-sons,
334. 336, n. The Gallican
church, its state in the reign of
Louis XIV., 339-362. References
to Louis XIV., in the life
of Voltaire, II. 6. 10.

Louis XV., I. 368. II. 44. 46. 47. 55.
57. 60. His inglorious old age,
101.

Louis XVI., II. 86. 100. 104. For
the historical events of his reign
and fall, see the Lives of Condorcet,
Mirabeau, &c. in Vol. II.

Love and gallantry, novels breathing
of, I. 107. 108. Ill taste of
language relating to, 108. Purity
of sentiment aimed at nevertheless,
108.

Lucian, by whom imitated, I. 35.

Lucretius, II. 144.

Lulli, musical composer, solicits
La Fontaine to write the opera of
"Daphne," I. 166. His death
described, 176.

Luxembourg, maréchal duc de, II.
149. His kind attentions to his
neighbour Jean Jacques Rousseau,
150.

Luxembourg, duchess of, II. 150.
152. Her conduct with regard to
Rousseau, when he was danger of
arrest, 153.

Lyons, almanacs calculated under
the meridian of, I. 37.

M.

Machiavelli, studied by La Fontaine,
I. 154. Frederic the Great's
work against the principles of, II.
40.

Maillezieux, bishop of, correspondence
of Rabelais with the, I. 28.
30. "Letters from Italy" to, 37.

Maine, duchess du, festivities at her
château of Sceaux, II. 48.

Maintenon, madame de, I. 87. Her
portrait of the duke de la Rochefoucauld,
88. Her friendship for
madame de Coulanges, 234.
Anecdotes of, 236. 237. 248. 282.
283. 320. 322. 323. Her estate of
Maintenon, II. 21.

Mairet, his tragedy of "Sophonisbe,"
I. 44.

Malesherbes, M. de, Rousseau's correspondence
with, II. 136. His
benevolent attentions to Rousseau,
151. 152.

Manardi, Medical Epistles of, I. 37.

Mancini, nieces of cardinal Mazarin,
I. 159. 172.

Marmontel, M., his visit to Voltaire
at Ferney, II. 90-94.

Marot, Clément, admired by La
Fontaine, I. 154.

Marsillac, prince de, I. 65. His advice
to the duchess de Chevreuse,
66. See Duke de la Rochefoucauld.

Marsillac, prince de, son of the
above, assists the duke of Rochefoucauld
in the battle of St. Antoine,
I. 81. Espouses his cousin,
Mlle. de la Roche-Guyon, 83.
Attends the duke his father in
his last illness, 89.

Mattecoulon, M. de, brother to
Montaigne, I. 15.

Maucroix, poet and scholar, I. 154.

Maupertuis, M. de, II. 39. 65. His
dissension with Voltaire at Potzdam,
66. "Akakia," a satire by
Voltaire on, 66. 67. He challenges
Voltaire, who laughs at
him, 68.

Maurepas, count de, II. 45. 295. 302.

Mauroy, poetry of, I. 265.

Mazarin, cardinal, succeeds Richelieu,
I. 66. Is minister in the
regency of Anne of Austria, 66.
Imprisons the princes Condé,
Conti, and Longueville, 72. Is
obliged to fly, 73. Successes of,
in the royal cause, 81. Is displaced
for a time, for the sake of
an accommodation of the civil
dissensions, 82. On his return to
power he permits de la Rochefoucauld
to appear at court, 84.

Mazarin, duchess of, I. 159. 172.

Ménage, instructs Marie de Rabutin-Chantal,
I. 216.

Mersenne, le Père, scientific correspondence
of, I. 192.

Mirabeau, Gabriel Honoré, marquis
of, descended from an Italian
family named Arrighetti, II.
195. His grandfather, Jean Antoine,
196. His father, comte Victor
de Mirabeau, wrote "L'Ami
des Hommes," 197. The comté's
marriage, 198. His lady's domestic
happiness obstructed by a madame
de Pailly, a beautiful woman, who
chose to reside with them, 198.
The marquis's idea of his own
infallibility, 199. He became a
persecutor of his son, Gabriel
Honoré, the fifth child, 199.; who
was born with teeth, and suffered
severely from the small-pox, 199.
His early talent, 199. Memoirs
of Mirabeau, by M. Lucas Montigny,
noticed, 200, n. Madame
de Pailly cruel to this boy, 201.
His early education, 201. Severity
of his father, 202. The abbé
Choquart, his preceptor, proud
of him, 202. Is sent to join the
marquis de Lambert's regiment,
202. His subsequent expostulations
with his hard-hearted parent,
who had imprisoned him in
the fortress of the Isle of Rhé,
204. The governor sends him on
the expedition to Corsica, 204.
His history of that island, and an
Itinerary from personal observation,
204. He avows his liking
for the military profession, 205.
His father praises him on his return,
206. Marries the daughter
of the marquis de Marignane,
207. He incurs debts, 207. His
father procures a lettre-de-cachet
to confine him, 208. He writes
an "Essay on Despotism," 208.
Becomes jealous of the chevalier
de Gassaud, 209. On hearing his
explanation, he escapes to forward
his projected marriage by
pleading for him, 209. Meets a
nobleman who had insulted his
sister, and gives him a blow, 209.
His father hearing of his evasion,
shuts him up in a dismal castle,
209. His love adventures, 211.
He escapes with Sophie de Ruffey
de Monnier, to Holland, 215.
Translates for the booksellers of
Amsterdam, 215. M. de Monnier
proceeds against the fugitives,
who are condemned to
punishment, 216. He is imprisoned
at Vincennes, 217. His
letters, 217. Fate of Sophie
de Monnier, 222, n. He quits
prison on coming to terms with
his father, 224. He tries by law
to oblige his wife to live with
him, 224. Fails in his suit,
224. Is no longer injured by
private enemies, 227. Is esteemed,
and employed in public services,
228. His impetuous eloquence,
228. He foresees the
revolution, 228. Desires to be
elected a representative to the
states-general, 230. The nobles
of Provence exclude him
by a vote from their body,
231. The people greet him on
his return towards Paris, 232.
Allays some outbreaks of the
people of Marseilles and of Aix,
233. Is elected deputy from both
those places, 234. Takes his seat
in the tiers-état, 234. He declares
the power of the people to
be independent of the crown,
236. His eloquence in the debates,
239. Death of his father,
240. His speeches all-powerful
with the assembly, 241. Supports
the financial proposition of
Necker for a tax on property, 243.
His influence preponderates over
every other, 245. Accused of
being an Orleanist, 246. 247. His
negotiations with the court, 248.
249. His speech on the question
of the National Convention,
250. His hôtel sumptuously
provided, 251. His treaty with
the court, in the handwriting of
Louis XVIII., 252. He declines
in health, 253. His right to stand
up as a dictator in the assembly
questioned, 254. His policy was
to head a moderate party of royalists,
and to repress the Jacobins,
248. 250. 254. The king and
the people alike anxious for his
recovery, 255. His opinion of
William Pitt, 256. His death,
aged forty-two, in 1791, 256.
He was the first buried in the
Pantheon, 257. Courageous and
warm-hearted, 258. His sayings
and bon-mots are on record, 258.
His style of oratory, 259. His
military talents, 259.

"Misanthrope, Le," of Molière, I.
5.

Molière, Jean Baptiste Poquelin,
considered by Boileau as the first
writer of his day, I. 97. His parentage
respectable, 97. Education
of, 98. Taught by Gassendi,
99. Does the duty of valet-de-chambre
to Louis XIII. for his
father, 100. Studies the law at
Orléans, 101. Private theatricals
with some young friends, 101.
Makes the stage his profession,
101. His company of actors, 102.
Ill success of his "Thebaid" prevents
his writing tragedy, 103.
His early comedies, 103. 105. Performs
in the provinces, 102. 105.
On the restoration of tranquillity
at Paris, his company perform in
presence of Louis XIV. and the
queen-mother, 106. They are
styled "Les Comédiens de Monsieur,"
107. His success in dramatic
satire, 110. His "Ecole des
Maris," 111. 112. Account of
"Les Fâcheux," a satirical farce,
112. Louis XIV. commands Molière
to introduce a sporting character,
113. Anecdotes of the rebuffs
experienced by the dramatist
as royal valet-de-chambre, 114.
Louis protects him, 114. Scandal
relative to Molière refuted, 115, n.
118. His marriage, 116. Not
productive of Felicity, 117. 131.
Writes the "Critique de l'Ecole
des Femmes" in reply to his detractors,
131. His "Impromptu
de Versailles," 131. Louis XIV. is
godfather to Molière's eldest child,
118. Molière performs "Sganarelle,"
119. His "Tartuffe,"
anecdotes as to, 119. 120. Tumult
of soldiers at his theatre,
121. The "Misanthrope," 122.
"Amphitryon," scene from the,
124. "George Dandin," scene
from, 127. "L'Avare," criticised
by Schlegel, 127. Success of "Le
Tartuffe" on its representation,
129. Molière a favourite of Parisian
society, 130. Anecdotes of
his circle of friends, 131. His
house at Auteuil, 131. His portraiture
of himself, 131, n. His
"Monsieur de Pourceaugnac,"
132. "Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme"
approved by Louis XIV.,
133. "Fourberies de Scapin,"
134. "Les Femmes Savantes,"
scene from, 135. His "Malade
Imaginaire," 138. His own malady
unfeigned, 139. Death of
Molière, aged fifty-one, 139. 147.
Mode of his burial because a
player, 140. 141. His generosity,
143. Talent as an actor, 144. Criticism
of his works, 145. 146. Eloge
of, 148. Marriage of his widow,
148.; and of his daughter, 149.
His prediction as to "le bon homme"
La Fontaine, 160. Molière
willing to employ Racine as a
young dramatic writer of promise,
304. His quarrel with Racine on
the ill-success of "Andromaque,"
304. His admiration of Racine's
"Les Plaideurs," 311. Further
allusions to, 262. 372.

Molina, the jesuit, I. 200.

Molinists, their controversy with
the Jansenists, I. 201. Louis XIV.'s
predilection for their doctrine,
II. 6.

Mondorge, comedian, relieved by
Molière when in need, I. 143.

Montaigne, Michel de, born Feb. 8.
1533, in Périgord, I. 1. Pierre
Eyquem, seigneur de Montaigne,
his father, 1. Education of Michel,
2. Taught to speak Latin
from his cradle, 3. Tardiness
of his mind in infancy, 4. He
loses at school the power of
speaking good Latin acquired as
a child, 5. Fond of Ovid's "Metamorphoses,"
5. Reads Virgil, Terence,
and Plautus, 5. Memory
defective, 6. His cheerful temper,
6, n. Lively imagination, 6, n.
Pourtrays the character of Etienne
de la Boétie, 7. Poem of
the latter on their friendship, 7.
Death of Boétie, 9. He marries,
and is a good husband and tender
father, 9. He loses his father
Pierre Eyquem, 9. Is careful of
his paternal inheritance, 10. Domestic
habits, 10. Writes his Essays,
7. 10. His travels in France,
10. Visits the court and capital,
10. His moderation in politics,
11. He complains of the religious
feuds, and of his being pillaged,
12. Takes no measures for
defence of his château of Montaigne,
12. Is surprised by an
officer and his party, who refrain
from injuring him, 14. His calm
composure again preserves him
from danger when taken prisoner,
14. Afflicted by painful disorders
he resorts to Plombières for the
waters, and proceeds to Munich,
&c., 15. 16. He visits Venice and
Rome, 17. Is well received by
the pope, 17. Familiar with Roman
history, 17. He prints two
books of his Essays, 17. Mode
of treating the papal censures,
17. His pleasure on being declared
a citizen of Rome by a
bull for that purpose, 18. He
offers a silver sculptured tablet,
at the shrine of Loretto, 18. 19.
His wife, and daughter Eléanore,
19. Sojourns at Lucca, 19. Is
elected mayor of Bordeaux,
crosses Mont Cénis and arrives
at his château of Montaigne, 19.
Is commanded by the king to till
the office of mayor, and is re-elected
to the same, 19. His decline
and bad state of health, 19.
His friendship for mademoiselle
Marie de Gournay le Jars, and
portrait of that lady, 20, n. His
resignation when attacked with a
fatal quinsy, 20. His devout behavioural.
Dies 13th Sept. 1592.,
21. His disposition and vivacity,
21. Descendants of, by his daughter
Eléanore, 21, n. Edition of
his Essays dedicated to Richelieu,
21. Instructive and entertaining
character of the Essays, 22. Their
originality, 22.

Montaigu, M., ambassador to Venice,
his character, II. 128.

Montauzier, duke of, husband of
Julie d'Angennes, I. 128. 263, n.
312.

Montespan, madame de, I. 167.
244, n. 279. 282.

Montfleuri, tragedian, cause of his
death, I. 308.

Montpellier, the faculty at, I. 27.
Duprat, chancélier, deprives the
physicians of their privileges, who
are defended by Rabelais, 27.

Montpensier, mademoiselle de,
daughter of Gaston d'Orléans, I.
81. Her spirit in the contest before
the walls of Paris, 82. Her
intercourse with madame de Sévigné,
217.

N.

Nantes, revocation of the edict of, I.
257. 323. II. 79.

Necker, M., minister to Louis XVI.
See Staël.

Nemours, duke of, joined by the
great Condé, I. 78. Is wounded
in the battle of St. Antoine, 81.
Killed in a duel by his brother-in-law
the duke of Beaufort, 82.

Nevers, duke of, I. 313.

Newcastle, duke of, his "Sir Martin
Marplot" an imitation of
"L'Etourdi" of Molière, I. 103.

Newton, sir Isaac, II. 18. 24. 25.

Nicole, M., theologian, I. 198. 267.
307. 315.

Ninon de l'Enclos, a trust confided
to, I. 120, n. Molière reads his
"Tartuffe" to, 120. The marquis
de Sévigné her admirer, 217. 230.
The marquis de Grignan, 230, n.
Ladies of the court friendly to
her, 235.

Noailles, de, archbishop of Paris
and cardinal, I. 339.

Noyer, madame du, II. 7. 8.

Noyer, mademoiselle du, admiration
of Voltaire for, II. 8. She marries
the baron de Winterfeld, 9.

O.

"Œdipe," tragedy by Corneille, I. 54.

"Œdipe," Voltaire's, II. 15.

Olivet, l'abbé, observations on La
Fontaine by, I. 151. 155.

Orléans, Gaston duke of, I. 66. 81.
See Henrietta, duchess of.

Orléans, duke of, regent, I. 363. II.
10. Voltaire suspected of writing
the "Philippiques," a satire on
the regent, 15.

Ormesson, M. d', I, 223.

P.

"Pantagruel," by Rabelais, I. 31.
32. 34. Editions of, 38. Pantagruelian
caricatures, wood-cuts,
38. "Pantagrueline Prognostication,
the," I. 37.

Panurge, portraiture by Rabelais, I.
32. 35. 38.

Paris, day of the barricades, I. 68.
Blockade of, 70. 217. The troops
of the capital despised, 71. Riot
and licentiousness, 71. The prince
of Condé defeated by Turenne
under the walls of, 81. Paris not
favourable to stage representations
during the civil war, 102.
Parisian society ridiculed by Molière
in his plays, 107. Parisian
society in the time of Voltaire, II.
6. et seq. Reception of Voltaire
at Paris in 1788, 102. Paris during
the Revolution, see vol. II., lives
of Mirabeau, &c.

Pascal, Blaise, exalted character of,
I. 183. His family noble, 184. His
parents, 184. Education as proposed
by his father Etienne, 185.
His companions, men of science,
136. His untutored exertions in
mathematics, 187. His father's
delight on discovering his studies,
187. Reads Euclid by himself,
188. Writes on conic sections,
188. His sisters, 188. Jacqueline
Pascal assists in obtaining their
father's recal by Richelieu, 189.
He studies languages and metaphysics,
190. Chronical ill-health
the result of excessive application,
190. His arithmetical
computator, 190. His investigation
of the properties of atmospheric
air, 191. "On the Equilibrium
of Liquids," 194. "On
the Weight of the Atmosphere."
194. His early piety, 195. His
loss of health, 195. And of his
father, 196. An accident in a
coach influences his mind, 196.
His seclusion from worldly intercourse,
197. His visits to Port
Royal, 198. "Lettres Provinciales"
by, 199. Success of Pascal,
201. Reputation of his work
among the learned for style and
eloquence, 202. His adherence
to rules of privation, &c. causes
chronical maladies, 204. His solution
of the problem of the cycloid,
and other questions in
geometry, 204. His challenge to
furnish a solution of these problems
accepted by Wallis and
Huygens, &c., 205. Pascal's triumph
therein, 205. His self-denial
and consequent debility,
205. 206. His "Lettres Provinciales"
condemned by the parliament
of Provence, 207. His
communications on his death-bed,
208. His death at thirty-nine
years of age, 210. Consideration
of his virtues and piety,
210. His "Pensées," 211. His argument
against atheism, 211. His
genius, 339. Fénélon's opinion of,
362. His "Pensées" arranged
and attacked by Condorcet, II. 177.

Pascal, Etienne, indebted to his
children's talent for his recal from
exile, I. 190. Made intendant at
Rouen, 190. His decease, 196.

Pascal, Jacqueline, I. 189. 195. 196.
Particulars relative to her death
when sub-prioress of the convent
of Port Royal, 207.

Paul III., pope, I. 28. Rabelais
requests his holiness to excommunicate
him, 29.

Pelisson, the abbé, epigram on,
I. 175.

Pelletier, poetry of, I. 265.

Père la Chaise, cemetery of, Molière's
cenotaph, I. 148.

Perefixe, bishop of Rhodes, I. 120.
147.

Perier, madame (Gilberte Pascal),
I. 190. 197. Alleged miraculous
cure of her daughter, a nun, at
Port Royal, 202. Her life of her
brother, Blaise Pascal, 202, n. She
blames him for the moroseness
of his seclusion and rules of life,
203.

Perrault, Charles, his "Siècle de
Louis XIV.," I. 287. Boileau
directs his satire against him,
287. his "Mother Goose's Tales,"
287, n.

Perrin, translator of the "Æneid,"
I. 265.

Pintrel, translator of Seneca's Epistles,
I. 152.

Piron, ridiculed by Voltaire, II. 45.
50.

Plato, studied by La Fontaine, I. 155.
"Plutarch's Lives," I. 155.

Poggius, the "Facetiæ" of, I. 35.

Poison, when innocent, 29. 30.
"Polyeucte," tragedy, I. 50.

Pompadour, madame de, II. 55. 57.

Pomponius Lætus, I. 37.

Pont, madame du, poems addressed
by Corneille to, I. 43.

Pontanus, ridiculed by F. Rabelais
in his romance, I. 37.

Pontverre, M. de, II. 116.

Pope, Alexander, quotation from
his works, I. 179.

Port Royal, abbey of, I. 199. Angelica
Arnaud, abbess, 198.
Learned men who lived in retirement
near this cloister, 199. Controversy
of the abbé Arnaud with
the Sorbonne, 200. Alleged miracle
at, regarding the cure of a
niece of Pascal, 201. Dispersion
of the nuns, 207.

Pradon, satirized by Boileau, I. 266.
His "Phèdre," brought out in
opposition to Racine's tragedy, 312.

Puy Morin, M. de, a brother of
Boileau Despréaux, II. 21.
"Précieuses Ridicules, les," satirical
comedy of Molière, I. 85. A
satire of French manners, affected
language, and of the clique of
l'Hôtel Rambouillet, 107. 110.
"Pucelle d'Orléans" of Chapelain,
I. 262, 263, n.
"Pucelle d'Orléans," of Voltaire,
II. 25. 28. 33.

Puy de Dôme, Pascal's experiment
on atmospheric pressure, on the,
I. 193, 194.

O.

Quakers, Voltaire describes the, II.
24.

Quesnel, le Père, I. 362.

Quietism, account of, I. 350. II. 87.
"Quinquina, le," poem by la Fontaine
on bark or, I. 163. 178.

R.

Rabelais, Francis, designated a
great jester by lord Bacon, I. 23.
Born about 1483 at Chinon, in
Touraine, 23. Parentage of, and
reputed propensity to wine, 23.
Educated in a monastery, 24.
Takes the habit of the order of
St. Francis, 24. Envy at his
preaching, 24. Malice of the
Franciscans at, 24. Budæus laments
it, 24. Alleged reasons for
confining him on short commons,
25. Personates St. Francis and
laughs at devotees, 25. For which
he is whipt, 25. Relieved by
gaiety and learning, 25. Joins the
order of St. Benedict, 25. He
next studies medicine at Montpellier,
26. Lectures on Hippocrates
and Galen, 26. Defends
the privileges of the faculty of
Montpellier, 27. His scarlet gown,
27. How diminished, 27. 28. He
practises at Lyons, 27. 28. Accompanies
cardinal du Bellay to
Rome, 27. 28. In what character,
27. 28. His epistolary correspondence,
27. 28. Interview with
Paul III., 29. His notion as to
excommunication, 29. Bruits as
to the method of his return to
Lyons and journey to Paris, 29.
Takes his own supposititious poison,
30. Is librarian, &c. to Du
Bellay, 30. His "Lives of the
Giants Gargantua and of Pantagruel,"
31. Privilege of publication
by king Francis, 31. Aristotelian
controversy ensuing
thereon, 31. His work condemned
by the Sorbonne, 31. He
attacked the popes and clergy of
Rome, and the monastic orders,
31. Account of his book, 32.
And of his religious principles, 33.
De Thou's account of, 33. La
Bruyère, La Fontaine, favourable
opinions of, 34. Bayle and Voltaire
contemn him, 34. Exposition
of his views, 34. Imitators
of, 36. Various writings of specified,
37. "Letters from Italy,"
37. Poetry of, 37. Parallel of
Swift and Rabelais, 36. 37. Editions
of his "Giants Gargantua
and Pantagruel," 38. The
"Rabelæsiana," 38. His acquisitions
as an universal linguist,
38. Also in science, 38. His noble
carriage and expressive physiognomy,
38. His fulfilment of duties
as curé de Meudon, 39. Death
aged seventy, 39. His death-bed,
39. Epitaphs for, 39. Further
allusions to, 154. 170.

Rabutin, family of, I. 214.

Rabutin, Bussy, count de, cousin of
madame de Sévigné, I. 217. See
Bussy-Rabutin.

Racine, Jean, a rival of the great
Corneille, I. 57. His comedy of
"Les Plaideurs," 58. Pathos of
his tragedy of "Bérénice," 58.
His "Britannicus," 118. His
daughter describes the demeanour
of La Fontaine, 181. Is received
at the court of Louis XIV.,
279. Historiographer together
with Boileau, 279. 316. They accompany
the king to the siege of
Gaud, 280. Racine makes several
campaigns, 281. 289. 317. They
read their history to the king,
282. Affair of his and Boileau's
pensions, 289. His parents respectable;
left Racine and his
sister, orphans, 297. His education
at Beauvais, 297. His predilection
for the Greek tragedy,
299. His studies at Port Royal,
299. Removes to the university
of Paris, 300. His ode entitled
"Nymphes de la Seine," 301.
Colbert rewards his early genius.
301. His ambition excited, 301.
Visits his uncle, le Père Sconin,
at Uzès in Provence, 302. His
letters at that time, 302. His dislike
of the patois of Provence,
303. His study of Virgil and St.
Thomas Aquinas, 303. His "Bath
of Venus," a poem, 304. Begins
a play of "Theagines and Charicles,"
304. He returns to Paris,
occupied with poetry and the
drama, 304. He writes for Molière,
304. His "Alexandre," 305.
It occasions a quarrel betwixt
Molière and the aspirant for fame,
306. Racine teaches la Champmélé
to recite, 307. Critics attack
him keenly, 307. His reply to M.
Nicole of Port Royal, 307. 308.
Writes his great tragedies, "Britannicus,"
"Bajazet," "Iphigénie,"
"Mithridates," "Phèdre,"
&c., 308-312. Writes "Bérénice"
in rivalry with Corneille's
tragedy of, 308. His comedy of
"Les Plaideurs" the result of a
lawsuit in which he had been
tired out and foiled, 310. Humour
of this comedy, 311.
Takes his seat in the French Academy,
312. His "Phèdre" brings
him into disputes, which produce
desire to lay down his pen, 312.
313. His religious principles,
313. His marriage, 314. Madame
Racine's ignorance of poetry, 314.
His daughters take the veil, 314.
His new mode of life induces him
to seek reconciliation with the
abbé Arnaud, 315. Succeeds
therein, 315. Writes "Athalie,"
320. His "Esther," 251. 320. His
conversations with Louis XIV.
and madame de Maintenon, 320.
323. 325. Dies of an abscess, 326.
Displayed the force of friendship
in his last parting with Boileau,
326. Critique, 327. "Phèdre"
and "Athalie," his best tragedies;
"Bérénice" and "Britannicus"
the most pleasing,
328.

Racine, Louis, son of the tragic
poet, I. 291. 307.

Rambonet, Prussian councillor of
state, II. 39.

Rambouillet, Hôtel de, literary society
of the, I. 84. Celebrated
authors who frequented it, 85.
220. Molière's "Précieuses Ridicules"
designed as a satire on,
85. 107.

Rameau, musical composer, II. 128.
136.

Ramus, Peter, engaged in the controversy
on Aristotle, I. 31.

Rennes, in Britany, political affairs
at, I. 243. Severe example made,
243.

Retz, cardinal de, ambition of, I. 68.
His projects and partisans, 69.
Temporary success of the Fronde,
73. His affray with Rochefoucauld
in the palace of justice, 75.
In danger of violence from the
mob of Paris, 76. His intrigues
and artifices, 80. 82. A relation
of the marquis de Sévigné, 217.
His disgrace and imprisonment,
221. He escapes from the citadel
of Nantes, 221. He repairs to
Spain, 222. Esteem of madame
de Sévigné for, 241. His death,
247. His "Memoirs" quoted, I. 77.

Richelieu, cardinal de, Montaigne's
Essays dedicated to, I. 21. Policy
of, 41. His dramas, 41. 43. 101.
The "Comédie des Tuileries,"
43. His theatre, 43. He invites
the French Academy to criticise
the "Cid" of Corneille, 47. He
represses the powerful nobles of
France, 64. His great authority,
64. His death, 65. His expedition
into Rousillon when his
death was approaching, with
Louis XIII. in the same condition,
100. Execution of Cinq-Mars,
and of de Thou, 100. He
revived the arts in France, 101.

Richelieu, duke of, II. 53. 107.

Rochefoucauld, de la, François,
duke, his experience at court, I.
63. His Maxims declare self-love
the chief motive principle, 63.
Dignity and ancient power of his
family, 63. Obliged to quit the
court, 64. Was at first called
Prince de Marsillac, 65. His return
on the death of Richelieu,
65. Meets the duchess de Chevreuse
on her way to Paris, 66. Is
wounded at the siege of Mardike,
67. Is governor of Poitou, 67.
His attachment for the duchess
de Longueville, 69. His gallantry
and wounds, 71. Is desirous of
the restoration of peace, 71. Succeeds
his father as duke de la
Rochefoucauld, 73. Raises troops
in Guienne, and endeavours to
defend Bordeaux, 73. Seizes de
Retz in the palace of justice, but
refrains from slaying him, 75.
Is wounded by an arquebuse in
the action of St. Antoine at Paris,
81. He retires to Danvilliers to
recover from his wounds, 83. He
quits the party of Condé, 84. His
active life concludes with the
pacification, 84. He gives Gourville
an honourable employment
in his family, 84. Is an ornament
of the literary coterie
of the Hôtel Rambouillet, 84. 85.
His friendship for the countess de
la Fayette, a celebrated novelist,
85. De Retz's character of the
duke, 86, n. Rochefoucauld's
couplet for the picture of the
duchess of Longueville, 83. His
portrait of cardinal de Retz, 86, n.
Personal and moral qualities of
Rochefoucauld, 87. Character of,
by his contemporaries, 87. 88.
His sons, 88. Madame de Sévigné's
account of his last illness,
89. His death, 90. His "Maxims"
reviewed, 91-95. His
"Memoirs of the Regency of
Anne of Austria," 96. Some quotations
from his Memoirs, 65. 68.
70, &c.

Roche-Guyon, Mlle. de la, her marriage
with the prince de Marsillac,
I. 83.

Rochelle, siege of La, I. 214. English
descent on the Isle of Rhé
for relief of the town, 215.

"Rodogune," tragedy of Corneille,
I. 52. Gilbert's tragedy of, 53.

Rohan, chevalier de, his ill usage of
Voltaire, II. 17. Does not choose
to fight the poet, 18.

Roland, madame (Manon Phlipon),
her opinion of the marquis of
Condorcet, II. 187. 193. Her
literary reputation, 260. Her
Memoirs, 260. Condition of
her parents, 261. Receives a
careful education, 261. Her
early habits, 262. Her admiration
of Pascal and the Port-Royal,
263. Vain of her intellectual
powers and acquired
talents, 264. Her suitors, 265. Impressions
on reading the "Nouvelle
Héloise," 266. Her habit of
writing her remarks, 267. She
lives in a convent on a scanty
income, 267. M. Roland de la
Platière, 268. His high character,
268. Sues for her hand,
and is referred to her father,
who rejects him, 269. Conduct
on this event, 270. Their
union takes place, 270. They
travel through Switzerland and
England, 271. Wish to go to
America, 271. Her letters, 271.
She gladly hails the revolution,
272. Her fears as to its nature,
272. Monsieur Roland deputed
on financial affairs from Lyons to
the National Assembly, 273. She
returns to Paris, and is greatly
admired, 273. Her husband consorts
with the Girondists and
Brissot, 273. Her political sentiments
on the crisis, 275. Her
republican love of liberty, 275.
Roland appointed minister of the
interior, 277. His costume at
court, 277. Is dismissed, 278.
Recalled by Louis XVI., 279. Her
dread of Robespierre, Marat, and
Danton, 280. Description of madame
Roland by Le Montey, 281.
Dumont's testimony of her modesty
of demeanour, 282. Energy
of M. Roland against the Septembriseurs,
282. He is the chief
hope of the Girondist party, 283.
He endeavours to repress the
Mountain party, 285. Execution
of Louis XVI., whereupon M.
Roland resigns his office, 285.
Madame Roland in danger of arrest,
285. Prepares to leave Paris,
285. Prevented by sickness, 286.
On the order to arrest her husband
she determines to appear before
the Convention to expostulate,
286. Escape of her husband
and fortitude with regard her own
peril, 286. She was said to ad.
mire the handsome Barbaroux,
deputy for Marseilles, 286. Her
calmness on being arrested, 287.
Arranges a systematic mode of
life in the Abbaie, 287. Commits
her observations on the leaders
of the revolution to writing,
288. Deceptive assurance of her
being at liberty, 288. But carried
to Ste. Pélagie, 288. She
names Marceau to be her advocate,
291. Her defence written
by her over-night, 291. Her sentence,
291. Is guillotined, 292.
Her dying address to the statue
of Liberty, 293. M. Roland, in
safety at Rouen, stabs himself,
not to outlive his wife, 293. Her
courage and sweetness of character
recorded, 293.

Romance, Spanish, I. 45.

Rome, visit of Rabelais to, I. 28.
Facetiousness of Rabelais elicited,
29. He attacks the vices of the
high clergy and ignorance of the
monks, 31.

Rotrou, poetry of, I. 43.

Rousseau, Jean Baptiste, banished
on his dispute with M. Saurin,
II. 6. His quarrel with Voltaire,
17. 31.

Rousseau, Jean Jacques, ridiculed
by Voltaire, II. 88. Born at Geneva
in 1712, 111. His studies in
that town, 112. Early life of, 113.
His "Confessions," 113. et passim.
His rambles, 115. Visits the curé
Pontverre, 116. Visits madame de
Warens at Annecy, 117. Is sent as
a proselyte to an hospital at Turin,
117. Errors and consequent remorse,
119. Leads a vagabond
life, 120. Returns to madame de
Warens, 121. His want of moral
courage, 121. She departs for
Paris, 122. Becomes a music-master
at Neufchâtel, 122. And
at Chambery, 124. His projects,
125. Resides with madame de
Warens at Les Charmettes, near
Chambery, 125. His new method
of noting music, 127. Arrives
in Paris, 128. Accompanies
M. Montaigu as secretary to Venice,
128. Returns to Paris, and
is kindly received by his former
friends, 129. His mistress, Thérèse
le Vasseur, 130. 144. 162. He
sends their children to the Foundling
Hospital, 131. His account of
this act in his "Confessions,"
130. Remissness of his moral sentiments,
132. His friendship for
Diderot, 133. 144. Laments his
friend's imprisonment, 144. The
academy of Dijon having proposed
a question as to the influence of
the progress of arts and sciences on
the happiness and virtue of man,
Jean Jacques, in an essay, asserts,
it to be of evil tendency, and so
eloquently as to bear off the palm
134. This success acquires him
consideration, 135. He refuses
the offer of a place with a farmer-general,
although a road to fortune,
129. 135. Earns a livelihood
by copying music, 135. His "Devin
du Village," 136. It becomes
the fashion with the great to encourage
and soothe him, 136. Revisits
Geneva, 137. Abjures the
Romish faith, 137. He inhabits
the Hermitage, near the wood of
Montmorenci, 138. His writings,
139. His meditations and day
dreams, 139. His "System of
Education," 139. Writes the
"Nouvelle Héloise," 140. 150. His
declarations to madame d'Houdetot,
142. His mental sufferings
nurtured by this hopeless passion,
145. Accusation against Grimm's
loyalty in his conduct to Rousseau,
145. Diderot's letter to
Rousseau respecting madame
d'Epinay, 146. Indecision of Jean
Jacques, 146. Removes to Montmorenci,
147. Diderot having offended
him, seeks a reconciliation,
and is repulsed, 148. The
nobility court him with compassionate
regard, 150. His religious
principles unsettled, 152. "The
Confession of the Vicar of Savoy,"
152. Consequences of the publication
of "Emile," 153. The
"Emile" of Rousseau condemned
to the flames at Geneva, 153.
Rousseau proceeds to Iverdun,
in the territory of Bern, 154.
Exiled by the states of Bern
and Geneva, he settles at Motiers,
near Neufchâtel, 154. Engages
in a controversy of the Genevans,
157. His "Lettres écrites de la
Montagne," 157. Resides in the
island of St. Pierre, lake of Bienne,
158. Accompanies David
Hume to England, 159. Writes
the first portion of his "Confessions"
at Wotton, 160. George
III. grants him a pension of 100l.
per annum, 161. Being half deranged,
he flies to France, 161.
Is protected by the prince of Conti,
162. He quits the Armenian
dress he had worn for ten years,
163. Is welcomed in Paris, 163.
Reads his "Confessions" to a
circle of acquaintance, 164. His
mode of life, and diligence in
earning a subsistence, 165. The
prince de Ligne takes an interest
in his welfare, 165. His objection
to receive presents, 167.
Respect shown for him by a
Parisian audience at a theatre,
168. His death, 169. Inquiry
into his state of mind, 169. et
passim. Inscription on his tomb,
170. His character, 171. His reveries,
172. Critique on the
"Emile," 173. On the "Nouvelle
Héloise," 174.

S.

Sablière, madame de la, I. 165. Her
society of poets, philosophers, &c.,
166. 171. Her husband, the marquis
de la Sablière, 166. 171. His
fate, 163. 171.

Sacy, M. de, friend of Pascal, I.
198. And of Racine, 298.

Saint Cyr, scene of madame Guyon's
impassioned mysteries, I. 342.

Sainte Helène, M. de, I. 223.

Saint Lambert, M. de, II. 141. 143.

Scaramouche, Italian actor, instructs
Molière, I. 102.

Scarron, abbé, imitator of Rabelais
in facetiousness, I. 36. Allusions
to, 283.

Schomberg, count de, I. 215. Created
marshal, 215. II. 145.

"Sciomachie, La," by Rabelais, I.
37.

Scott, sir Walter, his Essay on
Molière, I. 108. 128. 130, n. Allusion
to his works, 147.

Schlegel, his criticisms on Molière,
I. 146.

Schlegel, William, not permitted by
Buonaparte to reside at madame
de Staël's at Coppet, II. 336.

Scudéri, M. de, I. 45. His attack
upon Corneille, 47.

Scudéri, mademoiselle, her novels,
I. 107. Their extravagant style
in language and argument, 107.
Allusions to, I. 223, n. 293.

Séguier, chancellor of France, I.
222. 223.

Segur, count de, descended in the
female line from Montaigne, I.
21, n.

Seneca, tragedies of, I. 44.

Sévigné, madame de, compares the
genius of Corneille with Racine,
and prefers the former, I. 57. Her
delightful style, 85. 87. Her character
of the duke of Rochefoucauld,
88. Her life narrated,
214-258. Her maiden name
Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, 214.
Her father, the baron de Chantal,
slain at La Rochelle in an engagement
with the English, 215. His
laconic epistle to marshal Schomberg,
215. His family the elder
branch of the Rabutins, 214. 215.
His wife was Marie de Coulanges,
214. 215. Their daughter, Marie
de Rabutin-Chantal, born in
1626, 214. Is left an orphan, 215.
Taught Italian and Latin by
Ménage and Chapelle, 216. Is
married to Henri, marquis de
Sévigné, 216. Her children, 216.
The marquise a zealous Frondeuse,
217. Her friendship with
mademoiselle de Montpensier
and the duchess de Châtillon, 217.
Loss of her husband, 218. Educates
her children, 218. Her
widowhood exemplary, 218. Her
grief on the loss of the abbé de
Coulanges, her uncle, 223. She frequents
the Hôtel Rambouillet, 220.
Quarrel of Bussy-Rabutin with his
fair cousin, 221. Reconciliation,
225. He reproaches her with
avarice, 225. Her sorrow for the
imprisonment and exile of de
Retz, 221. Her sympathy with the
misfortunes of Fouquet, 222. 223,
n. She retires from Paris, 225.
Returns and presents her daughter
at court, 225. Her journeys
to her estate of Les Rochers in
Brittany, 237. 239. 249.; and to see
her daughter in Provence, 228.
241. Her separation from her
daughter, 228. Her son accompanies
an expedition to Candia,
226. His attachment for Ninon
de l'Enclos, 230. He marries and
retires to his estates in Brittany,
231. 240. 247. 249. Madame de
la Fayette and other friends of
madame de Sévigné, 231. Her
life in Brittany described, 240. 241.
Seized with rheumatism, 244.
She is out of favour at court,
as being a Jansenist, 248. 249. 257.
She spends her latter years with
her daughter in Provence, 253.
Final visit to Paris, 254. She
dies at Grignan, aged 70. 254.
Opinions on her character and
literary merit, 255-258. Her
family now extinct, 258. Remark
of madame de Sévigné, II. 207.
Her correspondence:—Letters
to her daughter, madame de
Grignan, I, 220. 224. 237. 238. 239.
241. 244. 246. 247. 248. 251.
Her letters to her cousin the
count de Bussy-Rabutin, 217.
226. 227. 247. 249. 251. Her letters
to various friends, 223.
Letters from count de Bussy to
madame de Sévigné, 219.

Sévigné, Henri Marquis de, I. 216.
His marriage with Marie de Rabutin-Chantal
at first happy, 216.
Their son and daughter, 216.
His relationship to the cardinal
de Retz, 217. The marquis and
his celebrated lady join the
Fronde, 217. His affection for
Ninon de l'Enclos, 217. Killed
by the chevalier d'Albret in a
duel, 218.

Shakspeare, William, I. 40. Voltaire's
remarks on, II. 101.

Sirven family, case of the, II. 83.

"Songes Drolatiques," to whom
ascribed, I. 38.

Sophocles, I. 40. II. 15. His "Œdipus
Tyrannus," 16.

Sorbonne, the, condemns Rabelais'
"Pantagruel," I. 31. The "Philosophical
Cream," a burlesque
on the schoolmen of, 38. Condemns
the book on St. Augustin,
by Antony Arnaud, 200.

Soyecourt, M. de, Grand-Veneur,
I. 113.

Spain, the modern drama takes its
rise in, I. 41. Guillen de Castro,
45. Lope de Vega, 51. War of
with France during the minority
of Louis XIV., 67.

Staël Holstein, baronne de, her
father, M. Necker, placed in the
banking-house of Thelusson, II.
295. His essay on corn-laws,
295. Marries mademoiselle
Churchod, 296. Their only
daughter, 296. Early instructions
and habits of madame de Staël,
297. Attention paid her in society
by men of letters, 297. Her
attention to their discourse, 298.
Her taste for society thus acquired,
298. Fears with regard to
her health, 299. She attributes her
frankness, to her father's quick
perception of her faults, 300. His
high repute in France, 301. His
"Compte Rendu," 301. 304. Retires
to Coppet on the Lake of Geneva,
302. His work on finance, its
enormous sale, 303. Mlle. Necker
begins to write at an early age,
303. Her Plays and Tales printed,
303. Her suitors, 304. Mr. Gibbon
a visitor at Necker's, 305.
She espouses the baron de Staël
Holstein, 305. Her letters on the
writings of Rousseau, 305. Portrait
or character of her at this
period, 306. Her father restored
to the ministry by Louis XVI.,
307. His moderation, 307. Is
again exiled, and ordered to depart
silently, 308. Necker and
his wife repair to Brussels. 309.
Madame de Staël's remarks on
joining him there, 309. His
generosity in financial matters
toward the nation, 309. The Bastille
being destroyed, Louis again
sends for him, and he returns to
Paris, 310. The baroness describes
their journey, 311. She
witnesses many events of the revolution,
312. Interview with
Marie Antoinette, 313. Necker
resigns on account of the issue
of assignats, which he disapproved,
313. Madame de Staël
shares in Lafayette's plan for
effecting the escape of the king,
314. Her carriage stopped by
the republicans, 314. Her courage,
314. Sets out from Paris,
315. Carried before the section
of St. Germain, 316. She pleads
before Robespierre's tribunal her
being the ambassadress from
Sweden, 316. Is saved by the
interposition of Manuel, 316. Is
allowed to leave Paris with her
maid only, 317. Her joy on traversing
Mount Jura and arriving
at her father's at Coppet,
317. Visits England, 317. Her
father's pamphlet in favour of
Louis XVI., and her appeal for
the queen, 318. Death of madame
Necker, 318. M. de Staël
repairs to Paris as Swedish ambassador,
accompanied by the
baroness, 319. Although denounced
in the reign of terror,
her influence was still great, 320.
Her feelings and character depicted,
320. Her first meeting
with Buonaparte unpropitious,
321. Invasion of Switzerland,
322. She repairs to Coppet to M.
Necker, 322. Witnesses the revolution
which established Buonaparte,
323. Her conversation
with Joseph Buonaparte, 324.
Benjamin Constant her friend,
324. Enmity of Napoleon on account
of Constant's opposition,
325. Her loss of her husband in
1799, 327. Her novel of "Delphine,"
327. Its charm, 327. Her
love of her father, 328. On the expiration
of the peace of Amiens she
is exiled from Paris, 329. She is
accompanied by Benjamin Constant
to Weimar and Berlin, 330.
Her "Années d'Exil" one of her
best writings, 330. 339. Death of
her father, 331. Her affection
for her children, 331. Her society,
331. Publishes the writings
of M. Necker, 331. Visits
Rome and writes "Corinne,"
331. Opinion of that work in
Italy, 332. Publishes "Corinne"
at Rouen, 332. Her perception of
ennui, 333. Her sentiments, 333.
Intends publishing her "Germany"
at Blois, 331. The impression
is seized, and she is ordered to
quit France, 331. Persecution of
her unabated, 335. She accompanies
M. de Montmorency in a
tour through Switzerland, 336.
Madame Recamier banished for
having spent a few hours with
her, 336. M. Rocca, a young
Spanish officer in the French
army, wounded, visits Geneva,
337. Falls in love, 337. Madame
de Staël marries him, 338.
She escapes from Coppet, 338.
Journey through Austria, Poland,
Russia, and Sweden, to England,
338. 339. Admired by the English,
339. Louis XVIII. repays to her
two millions which her father had
generously advanced to Louis
XVI., 339. Lord Byron thought
likely to marry Albertine de
Staël, her daughter, 339. Byron
living at Diodati visits at Coppet,
310. Her daughter marries the
duke de Broglie, 310. Madame de
Staël's piety, 341. Her remark
upon life, 341. Her resignation in
sickness, 341. Her death in Paris,
aged nearly fifty-two, 341. M.
Rocca survived his wife but a few
months, 341. She had many enemies,
the result sometimes of envy
of merit, 342. Her love of France,
342. Chateaubriand's opinion of
her, 343. Interest of her works,
343.

Stanislas, king of Poland, II. 49. 51.

Sterne, Laurence, his "Tristram
Shandy" resembles "Rabelais," I.
37.

St. Evremond, M. de, I. 57.

St. Pierre, M. Bernardin de, II. 128.
His account of J. J. Rousseau,
167.

St.Pierre, abbé de St., II. 139.

Sully, duke of, I. 41. His administration,
64.

Sully, duke of, a warm friend of
Voltaire, II. 17.

Swift, dean, his "Gulliver," and
"Tale of a Tub," I. 36.

T.

"Tartuffe, Le," of Molière, I. 119.
Application of the character to
the bishop of Autun, 147.

Tellier, Le, secretary of state, I. 222.
224.

Tellier, archbishop of Rheims,
I. 339, n.

Tencin, cardinal, II. 71. 74.

Terence, comedies of, I. 153. 155.

Theatre, French, mysteries and
moralities preceded the regular
drama, I. 41. Indebted to Spanish
dramatists, 41. "Mélite," by
Corneille, 42. Dramas of Hardy,
41. 42. Of cardinal de Richelieu,
41. 43. Theatre in the cardinal's
palace, 43. "Sophonisba" of
Mairet, 44. Plays of Corneille
critically examined, 45-59. His
"Essais sur le Théâtre," 54. Voltaire's
rules for French diction in
tragedy, 61. Corneille's style,
62. Molière's first comedy of
"L'Etourdi," 103. His "Le Dépit
Amoureux," 103. Farcical interludes
of merit by Molière, 105.
These form the groundwork of his
best comedies, 105. Theatres of
Paris in the time of Molière,
106. 304. Racine's comedy of
"Les Plaideurs," 310. Voltaire's
"Œdipe" and numerous dramas,
II. 15. et seq.

Thianges, madame de, I. 278.

Thiers, M., his "History of the
French Revolution," II. 273.

Thiriot, M., early companion of
Voltaire, II. 9. 16. 32. 107.

Thomas, M., French writer and
poet, II. 171.

Thou, De; president, his opinion of
Rabelais, I. 33.

Tiraqueau, André, French magistrate,
letter of Rabelais to, I. 25.
26.

Torricelli, mathematician, I. 192.

Tory, Geoffry, the "Champ Fleury"
of, I. 31.

Toulouse, judgments by the parliament
of, II. 79. 83.

Tragedy, French, Pierre Corneille,
the father of. I. 40-62. Thomas
Corneille's plays, 56. Racine's
tragedies, 58. Voltaire's Commentary
on Corneille, 45, n. 61.
Voltaire's tragedies, II. 15. 19. 22.
25. 45, &c.

Tronchin, Dr., of Geneva, II. 72.
81. 106. 299.

Turenne, marshal de, serves in conjunction
with Condé at Rocroi, I.
67. Gives battle to the prince of
Condé, 83.; and defeats him, 81.
His death, 241.

Turgot, M., finance minister, II.
100. 101. 178.

Turlupin, French comedian in
Molière's time, I. 101.

U.

Unity of time in dramatic works,
critique on the, I. 45. 49. 52.

V.

Vallière, mademoiselle de la, favourite
of Louis XIV., I. 112.
119. 162. 225. 236.

Vega, Lope de, his "Verdad Sospechosa,"
I. 51. 102.

Vendôme, duke of, II. 6.

Versoi, village of, II. 100.

Verville, Béroalde de, his "Moyen
de Parvenir," I. 36.

Victoire, the abbé de la, I. 263.

Villars, maréchale, de, II. 17.

Villars, duchess de, II. 9. 45.

Villette, M. and madame de, II.
102.

Virgil, extraordinary commentary
on a line of, II. 144.

Vitart, M., uncle of Jean Racine, I.
301.

Voiture, his poetry addressed to
Julie d'Angennes, I. 108. Fabulous
adventure in punishment of
his insolence towards her, 108.
Is styled Alcovist, 109. His conceits,
153. Anecdote relative to,
159.

Voltaire, François-Marie Arouet
de, observations of, I. 30. His
pillage of Rabelais, 34. His Commentary
on the "Cid," 45, n. 61.
Patronises a lady descended from
the daughter of Corneille, 61.
His observation on the duke of
Rochefoucauld's "Maxims," 63.
His opinion of Molière, 146. On
Pascal, 203, n. Of madame de Sévigné,
255. His censure of Boileau,
264, n. His "Siècle de
Louis XIV.," 345, n. His letters,
II. 1. His infidel principles,
2. Distinction between Christianity
and that religion known as
the church of Rome, 2. His
birth in 1694, 4. Educated in the
college of Louis-le-Grand, 5. Introduced
to Parisian society, 6.
His love for mademoiselle du
Noyer, 8. His reconciliation
with his father, M. Arouet, 9. Is
placed as pupil with M. Alain, attorney,
9. Is enamoured with
madame de Villars, 9. He visits
M. de Caumartin, 10. His return
to Paris, the duke of Orléans
being regent, 11. Is sent to the
Bastille for verses imputed to him,
11. Liberated on the mistake
being proved, 11. Writes the
"Henriade," 12. Its interest, 14.
His tragedy of "Œdipus." 15. 19.
His mode of life, 16. Visits the
châteaux of the nobility, 16. Has
the small-pox, 16. His tragedy of
"Mariamne," 16. Visits Holland,
17. His quarrel with J. J. Rousseau,
17. Is insulted by Chev. de
Rohan, challenges him; but is sent
to the Bastille, banished, and
visits England, 18. Studies Locke
and Newton, 18. An edition of
the "Henriade," in London, enriches
him, 19. 20. Returns to
Paris, 19. Success of his tragedies,
19. The priests detest him, 19.
Acquires some wealth by his pen
and by inheritance, 20. Purchases
the estate of Voltaire, and
assumes that name, 21. His attachment
for madame du Châtelet,
21. His "Brutus" and "Eryphile"
unsuccessful tragedies, 22.
Pathos of his "Zaire," 22. Rapidly
composed, 22. Its success, 22.
Increase of his fame, 22. His
"Charles XII.," 23. "Siècle de
Louis XIV.," 23. 25. 30. 60. 64. Is
constrained to withdraw into
Normandy, having offended the
clergy, 64. His "Lettres sur les
Anglais," 64. Lettre de cachet
issued against him for that publication,
24. 32. Conceals himself
at the marquis du Châtelet's in
Champagne, 32. His "Mérope,"
"Mahomet," &c., 25. He acts
in a private theatre, 25. Writes
the "Pucelle d'Orléans," 25. 28.
33. Revisits Cirey and the marquis
du Châtelet, 26. 28. His
conduct towards madame de
Graffigny, 33. His "Correspondence"
with Frederic the Great,
35. 37. The poet and king flatter
and quarrel, 36. Visits Frederic
in Germany, 39. "Mahomet"
performed at Lille, 43. Desires a
seat in the French Academy, 44.
56. Cabal to oppose him, 45.
Success of his "Mérope," 45.
Is sent to the Hague and to
Berlin as an envoy from Louis
XV., 46. He returns to France,
47. Visits the duchess du Maine,
and writes "Zadig," 48. Acts
at Sceaux the part of Cicero in
his "Rome Sauvée," 48. He
visits king Stanislas at Luneville,
49. 51. His "Semiramis," 49.
Ill of fever at Chalons, 50. "Catiline,"
51. He settles in Paris,
and receives his niece madame
Denis to preside in his house, 55.
55. Private theatre in his house,
55. Account of Voltaire by Le
Kain, 54. Visits Frederic at
Potsdam, 57. Is appointed chamberlain
by that monarch, 58. A
pension granted him, 59. Discontents,
61. Frederic requiring
a strict attention to his injunctions,
69. Voltaire rendered suspicious,
63. Becomes indignant,
66. Satirizes Maupertuis, 66. 67.
His amicable interview with the
monarch, 68. He repairs to Saxe
Gotha, 69. Meets madame Denis
at Frankfort, 69. Is arrested, 69.
Letter of the king, 70. 71, n. His
journey to Lyons, 71. Consults Dr.
Tronchin at Geneva on his health,
72. Purchases a house near Geneva
named "Les Delices," 71. 74.
Composes tragedies, and writes
"Candide," 74. His "Manners
and Spirit of Nations," 74. Some
dangers impend over him, 75.
Force of his satire, 75. His château
of Ferney on the borders of
France and Geneva, 76. The
"Encyclopédie," begun by Diderot
and d'Alembert, 77. Voltaire
writes some literary articles
for it, 77. Case of Jean Calas,
broken on the wheel on a false
accusation, 79. Voltaire succeeds
in proving his innocence, 81.
Exculpation and relief of the
surviving family, 82. Case of
the Sirven family, 83. Case of
the chevalier de la Barre, 84.
Heaps ridicule on Jean-Jacques
Rousseau, 88. His conversation
delightful, 90. Visited by Marmontel,
91. By the countess de
Genlis, 94. Attempted persecution
of, by the bishop of the
diocese, 99. Residence of Voltaire,
through his active spirit of
charity and improvement, a blessing
to the district, 100. He repairs
to Paris in 1788, 102. His
tragedy of "Irene," 103. Honourable
reception of the poet,
103. His profession of faith, 104.
His death, 106. His friendly and
forgiving nature, 107. Criticism
on his works, 109. His plays,
109. Was visited at Ferney by
Condorcet and d'Alembert, 176.

W.

Wagner, M., secretary of Voltaire,
II. 105.

Walpole, Horace, his fictitious letter
on the subject of Rousseau, II.
159. 161. His contempt of Rousseau,
164.

Warens, countess de, II. 117. Her
history told by Jean Jacques
Rousseau, 117-128. 137.

Winterfeld, baron de, II. 9.

Winterfeld, baroness de, formerly
Mlle. du Noyer, II. 8. 9.

Wycherly, his comedy, "The Country
Girl," imitated from Molière,
I. 117.

THE END.