FOOTNOTES:
[1] The Sketch Maps on pages 293 to 308 inclusive are from tracings from ancient books in the Khedive’s library at Cairo.
[2] This proves that the Pasha endorses what Mr. Jephson writes.
[3] The Pasha appears to admit that he has read Mr. Jephson’s letters.
[4] I have read this letter scores of times, yet I fail to see how this officially worded letter, which, as suggested by Mr. Jephson, might have fallen into the rebel officers’ hands, could have wounded the most delicate susceptibilities, yet I was informed that the Pasha was very much offended at it. Nothing was further from my mind than to affront a friend, my sole object being to obtain a definite answer to the question “Will you stay here, or accompany me?”
[5] Omar al Khattab, the second Caliph from Mohammed, said, “Four things come not back; the spoken word; the sped arrow; the past life; and the neglected opportunity.” I accept Mr. Jephson’s explanations, but I nevertheless adhere to the belief that much suffering and anxiety would have been avoided, and the imprisonment and danger would have been impossible, had the promises been kept. July was the date they should have started for Fort Bodo. The arrest took place August 18th.
[6] I do not know what induced the Pasha to write in this melancholy strain, for as plain as tongue could speak, and pen could write, I had been endeavouring to explain to him that we considered ourselves as his servants, and bound to render any service in our power to him, provided he but distinctly and definitely stated his wishes.
[7] This kindly letter was after the Chesterfield style so commended by Mr. Jephson, whose sharp wits had perceived the Pasha’s extremely delicate susceptibilities. Oh dear! oh dear!
[8] The Pasha has, however, severely refrained from communicating anything.
List of Measurements taken on Wambutti pigmies belonging
to Mr. Stanley’s Expedition.
Name of the Individuum {
Tokbali.
A girl.
A woman.
A boy.
P. 20
I.H.P. 15
P. 35
P. 15
Height from vortex to the earth
1·360 m.
1·240 m.
1·365 m.
1·280 m.
Height from shoulder
1·116 m.
1·021 m.
1·110 m.
1·090 m.
Height from navel
0·835 m.
0·725 m.
0·785 m.
0·970 m.
Length of arm from shoulder to
tip of middle finger
0·707 m.
0·571 m.
0·580 m.
0·540 m.
Breadth from shoulder to
shoulder
0·320 m.
0·304 m.
0·295 m.
0·260 m.
Circumference below nipples
0·710 m.
0·660 m.
0·710 m.
0·640 m.
Circumference under armpit
0·720 m.
0·660 m.
0·710 m.
0·630 m.
Greatest longitudinal
diameter of head
200 mm.
176 mm.
180 mm.
175 mm.
Smallest transversal
diameter of head
147 mm.
150 mm.
145 mm.
140 mm.
Breadth of the nose
60 mm.
60·5 mm.
65 mm.
65 mm.
Circumference of skull
530 mm.
535 mm.
510 mm.
510 mm.
Length of foot
220·5 mm.
190 mm.
212 mm.
190 mm.
Bodies covered with stiffish, grey, short hair.—Dr. Emin.
[10] This is added to make the table more complete.
[11] This list is not complete, inasmuch as Moslems have a strong disinclination to permit their women to appear in public, others affected not to understand the necessity of the muster.
[12] Several of the officers informed me that Emin was alone responsible for the offer to the Mahdi of the surrender of the province. He certainly signed the document, but I am inclined to believe that he did it for the purpose of deceiving Karamalla, and his subsequent acts seem to prove this.
[13] Judge Charles P. Daly, President of the American Geographical Society, New York.
[14] It was devoted to the same uses down to the time of Emin Pasha.
[15] Victoria Nyanza, Lake of Likuri, so called after a tribe named the Wakuri, or Wakori, on the north shore of Lake Victoria, who still exist there. See ‘Life of Bishop Hannington.’ This tribe of Wakuri may be the remnant of what was once a powerful nation.
[16] I have not learned that Lieutenant Stairs in his ascent was guilty of such extravagance.
[17] Extremely like the description of what was to be seen on Ruwenzori, according to the Wahuma herdsmen.
[18] Madagascar.
[19] Enoch.
[20] I wonder if this renowned Idrisi is the same as the patriarch Kintu in the legend of the Waganda. See ‘Through the Dark Continent.'
[21] It is exceedingly like the legend of Kintu, only it possesses more details.
[22] Lake Albert.
[23] Mount Ajif(?) if the lake was 50 feet higher—Ajif might be so described.
[24] Lake Albert Edward(?).
[25] Perhaps he means Zing, or Eastern littoral called Zinghiber, Zanjibar—Zanzibar.
[26] Batwa(?), from the pigmies.
[27] Lake Albert.
[28] Albert Nyanza.
[29] Because of the mist?
[30] Turkan?
[31] From the tribe Wakuri, or Bakuri, on the north shore of Lake Victoria, where it exists to this day.
[32] I sent a bottle full of this brine to the Laboratoire Khedivial in Cairo to be analysed by the Government chemists, and the following report was made:—
Laboratoire Khedivial.
Le Cairo, 25th Mars, 1890.
The composition of this water is as follows:—
| Potash, K9O | 2.667 |
| Soda, N3O | 13.94 |
| Inhydrous sulphuric acid (combined), 5O3 | 3.17 |
| Inhydrous carbonic acid (combined), 8O2 | 2.36 |
| Chlorine (combined), Cl | 11.33 |
| Sulphuretted hydrogen (combined), SH2 | .02 |
| Lime and magnesia | traces |
| Silica | .01 |
| Water | 68.77 |
| 102.26 | |
| Deduct oxygen equivalent to chlorine | 2.55 |
| 99.71 |
Calculating the bases to the oxides, the composition is—
| Sodium chloride | 18.67 |
| Sodium sulphate | 5.63 |
| Sodium carbonate | 2.72 |
| Potassium carbonate | 3.87 |
| Potassium sulphyrate | .04 |
| Silica | .01 |
| Lime and magnesia | traces |
| Water | 68.77 |
| 99.71 |
The difference between the total found and 100 is probably accounted for by small quantities of organic matter.
The density is 1·2702; using this figure, the results, as expressed in grains per litre, are:—
| Sodium chloride | 237·15 | |
| Sodium sulphate | 61·51 | |
| Sodium carbonate | 34·55 | |
| Potassium carbonate | 49·16 | |
| Potassium sulphydrate | ·51 | |
| Silica | ·12 | |
| Total salts per litre | 383·00 | grains. |
When received the sample had an odour of sulphuretted hydrogen, due to the sulphides present, and a slight pink colour, caused by matter in suspension. The quantity of the sample was too small to admit of an examination of this or of the organic matter in the water.
This water, consisting as it does of a nearly saturated solution, is a very remarkable one, and a natural water of this composition is very rarely met with. The presence of sulphides is due to the action of reducing organisms on the sulphates. The bottle in which the sample was was quite full, and securely corked for several months.
| A. Pappe. H. Droop Richmond. |
—Les Chémistes. |
“Snow Hill Buildings, London, E.C.
“1st May, 1890.
“Dear Mr. Stanley,—
“The following is the result of the quantitative analysis of the natural crystalline salt you submitted to me:—
| Per cent. | |
| Water | ·82 |
| Oxide of iron (Fe2O3) | ·15 |
| Potash (K2O) | 4·56 |
| Soda (Na2O) | 47·68 |
| Carbonic acid (CO2) | 1·02 |
| Sulphurous acid (SO3) | 6·87 |
| Chlorine | 50·42 |
| 111·52 | |
| Less oxygen equivalent to chlorine | 11·36 |
| 100·16 |
“It is quite impossible to say with certainty how the bases and acids are combined, but, calculated in the order of their mutual affinities, the following is the arrangement into which they would naturally fall:—
| Per cent. | |
| Potassium sulphate | 8·43 |
| Sodium sulphate | 5·32 |
| Sodium carbonate | 2·46 |
| Sodium chloride | 82·71 |
| Oxide of iron | ·15 |
| Water | ·82 |
| 99·89 |
“Trusting this may be of service to you,
“I remain yours ever truly,
“Henry S. Wellcome.”
“To H. M. Stanley, Esq.”
[33] By a letter dated November 21st, 1889, written from Bukumbi, south end of Lake Victoria, I learn from Mr. C. Stokes that he reached Mwanga’s island safely. On his arrival he found that, though in a tolerably favourable position, food was scarce, and sickness was troubling the camp. He resolved to make a bold advance to the capital, and for this purpose requested the chief of the Christians in Uddu to advance by land. On reaching within one day’s march of the capital the Christians were attacked and in great danger, but Mr. Stokes, Mwanga, and his faithful followers hurried to their aid, and Karema and the Mohammedan party were defeated. On the 4th of October another battle took place close to the capital Rubaga, whereat Karema and his Arab confederates were completely routed, and on the 5th, Mwanga and his white friend entered the capital. Karema and his Arab auxiliaries attempted to take refuge in Unyoro, but Kabba Rega, the King of Unyoro, refused to admit him unless he parted from his Arab friends. He was therefore compelled to seize a position near the northern frontier of Uganda, where he remained at last accounts with 500 guns. So ends this romantic history for the time. Mwanga is again on his throne, and the English and French missionaries are again established in Uganda.
[34] It therefore appears necessary, when speaking of the coloured races of Inner Africa, to bear in mind that they are now developed into five distinct types, which may be called Pigmy, Negro, Semi-Ethiopic, Ethiopic, and Berberine or Mauresque, and that among these types there are found a number modified by amalgamation of one with another, such as Pigmy with Negro—producing tribes whose adult males have an average height of 5 feet 2 inches; Negro with Omani Arabs, as on the Eastern sea-board; Ethiopic with Arab, as along the littoral in the neighbourhood of the Jub; Berberine with Negro, as in Darfour, Kordofan, the herdsmen of the Upper Nile, and east of Sierra Leone.
I regret that time does not permit me to illustrate what has been stated above by a map, by which every reader would understand at a glance what has been effected during fifty centuries by long successive waves of migration from Asia into Africa.
[35] While the French priest Père Girault has publicly and privately acknowledged the kindness he received, Père Schintze has, I regret to say, assumed quite a hostile tone. We received them with open arms, we supplied them and their people with meat rations daily to the coast. We paid their tribute to the Wagogo. They were invited to every banquet of which we partook at Bagamoyo and Zanzibar, and the British Consul-General, Col. Euan Smith, honoured them with the kindliest hospitalities. Meanwhile Père Schintze, by his own account, was taking advantage of the few querulous remarks of the Pasha, uttered during moments of suffering from fatigue, to form a breach between the Pasha and ourselves, by communicating to him certain criticisms reported to be made by our officers on the character of the refugees, which Emin’s extremely susceptible nature took umbrage at. The impressions I received from this person have thus been fully verified.
[36] The Pasha arrived at Zanzibar about the beginning of March, 1890, perfectly recovered.
[37] Difficult to distinguish from borro, which translated is man
