XL. Martin Luther

1483-1546. Some of the cardinal dates in a career that changed the course of history for the whole Germanic world are as follows: In 1517 Luther posted up the ninety-five theses at Wittenberg; 1520, burned the papal bull and issued the Address to the German Nobility; 1522, attended the Diet at Worms and refused to recant; in seclusion at the Wartburg translated the New Testament, which was published that same year; 1525, married Katharina Bora, a nun, having previously renounced monasticism; 1534, published the complete German Bible. Aside from the polemics, tractates, epistles, commentaries, and sermons, whereby he provoked, defended, and organized the Protestant revolt, Luther wrote a few short poems, mostly hymns for worship, also fables and aphorisms. But his great work was his translation of the Bible.

Of the selections below, No. 1 follows the Weimar edition of Luther, VI, 406; No. 3, the reprint in Müller’s German Classics, I, 488; Nos. 4 and 5, Kürschner’s Nationalliteratur, Vol. 15.