INDEX

Absolutism, creation of, 135;
legalized in Greece, 147 f.

Acarnania, 234.

Achæa. See League.

Ætolia. See League.

Agelaus of Naupactus, speech of, 246.

Agon, in Athens, 58 ff.

Alexander of Corinth, rebellion of, 230;
death of, 232.

Alexander the Great, 4;
deification of, 36;
accession of, to throne, 116, 123 f.;
character of, 119;
training of, 119 ff.;
and Aristotle, 119 ff.;
love of symbolism of, 123, 128, 139;
destroys Thebes, 123 f.;
spares Pindar's house, 124;
visits Troy, 124 f.;
cuts Gordian knot, 125 f.;
plan of Persian campaign of, 126 f.;
son of Zeus, 128, 133, 162 f.;
in Persepolis, 129;
dissolves Hellenic league, 129 f.;
ceases to be hegemon of Hellas, 130;
ceases to be king of Macedon, 130 f.;
marries Roxane, 130;
adopts Persian costume, 130;
tries to establish Hellenism in Asia, 133 f.;
founds city-states, 134 f.;
plans conquest of West, 134;
and absolute monarchy, 135;
changes opinion as to Iranians, 135 f.;
tries to fuse dominant peoples of Europe and Asia, 136 ff.;
marries Persian princesses, 137;
plans of, 144,
rejected by the Macedonians, 150;
demands recognition as a god, 146;
departs from the life among men, 149.

Alexandria, 155, 157, 163, 213;
new Athens, 158;
trade of, 161 f.;
imperial cult of Ptolemies in, 164 ff.;
vs. Memphis, 170;
laws of, 177;
classes of population in, 181.

Ammon, god of Cyrene, 126 ff.;
visited by Alexander, 139.

Ancient City, of Fustel de Coulanges, criticized, 7.

Andros, battle of, 159, 233.

Antigonids, constitutional government of, 216;
wars of, with Rome, 217 f.;
alliance of, with Seleucids, 223.

Antigonus I, Monophthalmus, 183;
tries to take Alexander's place and fails, 184 f.;
policy of, 218 f.;
monarchy of, 220 f.

Antigonus II, Gonatas, victories of, at Cos and Andros, 159;
rightful heir of Macedonian crown, 220;
suzerain of Greece, 220;
king of Macedon, 220, 223;
education of, 222 f.;
reign of, 223-233;
peace of, with Egypt, 223;
hostility of, with Epirus, 224;
protects Greece from barbarians, 224;
tyrants of, in Greece, 224 ff.;
relation of, to Stoa, 225 f.;
refuses deification, 225 f.;
struggle of, with Ptolemy Philadelphus, 226, 229;
renews alliance with Seleucids, 229;
deserted by Antiochus II, 230;
recovers Ægean, 232;
treaty of, with Ætolians, 232;
empire of, 233;
death of, 233;
failure of, in Greece, 235.

Antigonus III, Doson, Hellenic league of, 34;
makes peace with Ætolians, 241;
hegemon of Hellas, 243.

Antiochus I, Soter, 185.

Antiochus II, Theos, 185;
deserts Macedon, 230.

Antiochus III, the Great, 187 ff.;
wrests Palestine from Egypt, 188;
and Hannibal, 189;
peace of, with Rome, 190.

Antiochus IV, Epiphanes, policy of, 212;
and the Jews, 212 f.;
invades Egypt, 213.

Antiochus Hierax, 187.

Antipater, house of, 219.

Antipater II, 220.

Antony, and Cleopatra, 153;
as Ammon, 162.

Apama, wife of Seleucus, 195.

Aratus, of Sicyon, 236;
seizes Sicyon, 230;
seizes Corinth, 232.

Areus I, correspondence of, with Jews, 79.

Aristocracy, supported by Sparta, 20;
defined, 20 f.;
destroyed in Sparta, 83;
championed by Sparta, 94.

Aristophanes, view of, as to extending Athenian citizenship, 31.

Aristotle, 26, 36;
on equality of states, 33;
training of, 108;
a poor historian, 108 f.;
theory of progress of, 109;
empiricism of, 110 f.;
compared with Machiavelli, 110 ff.;
neglects the acquisition of power, 111;
makes city-state the ultimate political unit, 112 ff.;
aversion of, for imperialism, 113;
"strength" in the political system of, 113 f.;
and conquest of Asia, 114;
defect in politics of, 114;
and Alexander, 119 ff.;
teacher of poetry, 119,
of politics, 120 f.;
view of, as to Asiatics, 122;
and deification of rulers, 135, 147.

Armenia, 188;
conquers Syria, 192.

Arsinoë Philadelphus, 157;
death of, 160;
deified, 164;
imperial policy of, 227.

Art, in Athens, 59.

Artemis, temple of, in Sardis, 202.

Asia Minor, priestly communities in, 197 f.

Astral religion, 143.

Atargatis, temple of, 197.

Athena Alcis, in China, 193 f.

Athenians, democratic imperialists, 39;
self-confidence of, 40 f.;
political capacity of, 56 f.;
capacity of, in art and literature, 59 f.;
demands upon time of, 63 f.;
blame Sophists for decay of democracy, 77.

Athens, life in, 11 f.;
empire of, a despotism, 23 f.;
relation of, to allies, 24 f.;
relation of, to cleruchies, 30;
inability of, to grant citizenship to allies, 30 f.;
refuses to enter Achæan league, 32;
size of, 42;
size of empire of, 42;
sphere of interests of, 43;
empire of, compared with British empire, 43;
funeral customs of, 43 f.;
institutions of, 49 ff.;
judicial system, 50 f.;
competition of citizens in, 58;
failure of, in foreign politics, 58, 61;
slavery in, 61;
absence of leisure in, 61;
grain supply of, 62;
raw materials of, imported, 62;
nation of noblemen, 65;
obligations of wealth in, 65;
the "school of Hellas," 65;
sea-power of, 66 f.;
cost of sea-power of, 68 ff.,
in lives, 70;
allies of, grievances of, 70 ff.;
imperial litigation of, 72;
land policy of, 72 f.;
promotes mediocrity, 73 f.;
reputation of, 221;
neutrality of, 242.

Augustus, in Egypt, 154;
becomes Pharaoh, 154.

Autocracy, incompleteness of, 4.

Autonomy, urban in Greece, 96.


Bactria, Greek kingdoms in, 188, 193.

Bambyce, church at, 197.

Berenice, of Cyrene, 231.

Berenice, of Egypt, becomes wife of Antiochus II, 186, 230;
murdered 187.

Bœotarchs, 27.

Bœotia. See League.

Branchidæ, Apollo of, 128.

Buildings, funds for, at Athens, 71.


Cæsarion, 153.

Callimachus, court poet, 160.

Capitalistic régime, in Plato, 106.

Carthage, 155.

Cassander, 219.

Charlemagne, 5.

China, contact of, with Hellenism, 192 f.

Chremonidean War, 227.

Cinadon, conspiracy of, 91 ff.

Cities, and freedom, 7 ff.;
and culture, 7 ff.;
in modern sense, 10;
contrast of, with country, 11 ff.

City-states, relation of, to ethne, 6;
described, 9;
agrarian character of, 9;
commerce and industry of, 10;
family character of, 13 f.;
care of, for dead, 14 ff.;
laws of, 16 f.;
biographies of, 17;
subordinated to districts, 29;
combined in territorial states, 33;
reconciled with imperialism, 36;
ultimate political units of Aristotle, 112;
Aristotle's view of, 121 f.;
founded by Alexander, 133 f.;
founded by Seleucus, 196,
by his successors, 196, 199, 205;
in Egypt, 171;
made out of priestly communities, 200;
racial fusion in, in Asia, 206;
at once nations and municipalities, 209;
loss of leadership of, 227 f.;
as federal units, 237 f.;
eclipse of, 243.

Civil administration, at Athens, 54 ff.

Cleomenes, career of, 241 f.

Cleon, on empire of Athens, 23 f.

Cleopatra, the Great, 152;
and Antony, 153 f.

Cleruchies, 30.

Cleruchs, in Egypt, 173 ff.;
position of, 175 f.;
Egyptianized, 180 f.;
in Seleucid empire, 201.

Clisthenes, 51.

Comana, in Cappadocia, sacred city of Ma at, 197 f.,
in Pontus, 198.

Commerce, in Athens, 12.

Committee of Public Safety, 28, 30.

Competition, in Athens, 58 f.

Constantine, the Great, and deification of rulers, 36.

Constitutions, ancestral, 96 f.

Cos, battle of, 159, 229.

Council of the Five Hundred, constitution and powers of, 51 ff.

Crown lands, in Seleucid realm, how disposed of, 204.

Culture, origin of, in cities, 7 ff.

Cyclades, lost to Egypt, 160.
See League.

Cynocephalæ, battle of, 188.

Cyrene, 229, 231.


Dardanians, invade Macedon, 241.

Deification of rulers, 35 f., 127 ff., 131 ff., 139 ff.;
real motive of, 145 f.;
in Egypt, 164 ff.;
legalized absolutism, 165;
in Asia, 205, 208;
attitude of Antigonus Gonatas toward, 225 f.

Delos, prices at, fixed in Alexandria, 170.

Demetrius II, protects Epirus, 234;
war of, with leagues, 240 f.;
death of, 241.

Demetrius Poliorcetes, deification of, 145;
expectations of, 183 f.;
career of, 219 f.;
monarchy of, 220 f.;
king of Macedon, 221 f.

Demetrius the Fair, king of Cyrene, 229;
murder of, 231.

Democracy, in Athens, connection of, with empire, 41 f.;
principles of, 45 ff.;
safeguards of, 50;
rôle of experts in, 58;
not self-indulgent, 68 ff.;
and mediocrity, 73 f.;
failure of, at Athens attributed to Sophists, 77 f.;
hated by Plato, 102.

Demosthenes, on Philip of Macedon, 118.

Divine right of kings, 3.


Ecclesia, constitution of, at Athens, 49;
powers of, 50 f.;
freedom of discussion in, 53 f.;
assembly of experts, 57;
functions of, 57;
agon of statesmen, 58.

Education, the vice of the Socratic school, 98.

Egypt, seized by Alexander, 126;
decay of, 180 f.;
empire of, 234.

Egyptians, view of Alexander as to, 135;
ruled over by Ptolemies, 168;
owned by the Ptolemies, 169;
hatred of, for Ptolemies, 170;
use of, in military service, 170 f.;
admitted to Ptolemaic army, 180 f.;
to civil service, 181.

Emperor, defined, 3 f.

Empire, defined, 1 ff.;
of Rome, 4;
legally impossible, 25;
how secured, 38;
of Athens, criticism of, 70 ff.;
of Ptolemies, reasons for, 160 ff.

Ephorate, compared with Roman tribunate, 83 f.

Epirus, under Macedon, 235;
deserts Macedon, 240.

Equality of states, 33, 237 f., 241.

Erythræ, Sibyl of, 128.

Ethne, predecessors of city-states, 6;
in Egypt, 176 f.;
rise of, in Hellas, 228;
replaced by koina, 236.

Euhemerus, 142 f.

Eumenes, of Pergamum, revolts, 159.

Euripides, criticized by Plato, 104.

Europeans, contrast of, with Orientals, 131 ff.


Federation, defined, 3.

Feudal lords in Persian empire, 199.

Fiefs, in Seleucid empire, 200 f., 203 f.

Fleet, of Athens, 69 f.

Foreign policy, influence of, 238 f.

Freedom, origin of, in cities, 7 ff.


Gaza, battle of, 184.

Generals, special position of, in Athens, 58.

Gordian knot, 125 f.

Government, science of, born, 97.

Gracchus, Tiberius, 15.

Greece, golden age of, 41.

Greeks, mania of, for classifying things, 80 f.;
absorbed by Egyptians, 181.

Gymnasia, in Egypt, 177 f.


Hannibal, interest for, in Greece, 246 ff.

Hegemony, nature of, 25;
of Sparta, 25;
becomes an absurdity, 25 f.

Heliæa, constitution of, 49;
powers of, 50 f.

Hellas, unification of, 34.

Hellenism, in Egypt, 176 f., 181;
in China, 193;
in Asia, 133 ff., 205 ff.

Hellenization, of Asia by Seleucids, 195 ff.;
of Judæa, 212 f.

Helots, 19;
annual declaration of war upon, 86 f.;
confined within Periœc ring-wall, 87 f.

Hieroduli, 197 ff.

History, character of, 108 f.

Huns, 192.


Imperialism, defined, 4;
evaded by federal leagues, 32 f.;
justified, 36.

Indemnities, in Athens, 64.

Industry, in Athens, 12.

Ipsus, battle of, 185.

Iranians, opinion of Alexander as to, 136.

Irreligion, basis of deification of Alexander, 142, 144 f.

Isocrates, 26.

Isopolity, defined, 31 f.


Jews, kinsmen of the Spartans, 79;
of the gymnosophists, 80;
encouraged in revolt by Rome, 191.

Judæus, Spartan œcist of Judæa, 79.

Julius Cæsar, 4;
and Cleopatra, 152 f.;
as Ammon, 162.


Kingship, Aristotle's theory of, 120 f.


Lacedæmon, population of, 85.

Laodice, wife of Antiochus II, 186 ff.;
murders Berenice, 231;
war of, with Egypt, 231.

Larisa, 20.

Leader of the people, at Athens, 60 f.

League, Achæan, 32;
defects of, 33 f., 228;
expansion of, 230;
territory of, 234;
alliance of, with Ætolians, 235;
development of, 235 ff.;
institutions of, 237 ff.;
laws of, 240;
war of, with Demetrius II, 240 f.
... Ætolian, 32;
defects of, 33 f., 228;
treaty of, with Antigonus Gonatas, 232;
expansion of, 233;
territory of, 234;
alliance of, with Achæans, 235;
development of, 235 ff.;
founds city-states, 236;
institutions of, 237 ff.;
dismembered by Macedon, 240;
deserts Achæans, 241;
ally of Sparta, 241;
attacks Macedon, 245 f., 248.
... Bœotian, 27 ff.
... Hellenic, under Sparta, 20 ff., 89 f.;
under Philip II, 28 ff., 244;
under Antigonus Doson, 34, 242 ff.;
dissolved by Alexander, 129 f.;
under Antigonus I, 221.
... of Islanders, 159, 227, 229, 230 f., 232.
... Peloponnesian, 20, 89, 95.

Leagues, as federal units, 243;
extent of powers of, 244.

Leisure, lack of, in Athens, 61.

Literature, in Athens, 59 f.;
the corruptor of the Athenians, 103 f.

Lot, election by, in Athens, 52, 53, 55;
theory of, 55.

Lysimachus, king of Macedon, 220.


Maccabæus, correspondence of, with Sparta, 79 f.

Macedon, relation of, to Hellas, 215;
army of, 217;
national state in, 217;
Roman province, 218;
troubles of, 224.

Macedonians, heirs of Alexander, 149;
establish a regency, 149;
refuse to carry out Alexander's plans, 150;
characteristics of, 215 f.;
sacrifices of, for empire, 216 f.;
aversion to imperialism, 222.

Magas, of Cyrene, death of, 231.

Magnesia, battle of, 190.

Machiavelli, compared with Aristotle, 110 ff.

Messenians, revolts of, 87.

Meyer, Eduard, on proskynesis, 131 ff.

Mnesimachus, fief of, 201.

Monarchy, influence of, 239.

Municipality, and city, 17 f.


Napoleon, on generalship, 122;
on Alexander, 123.

Nation, and city, 17 ff.

Naucratis, 163, 168.

Nectanebus, reputed father of Alexander, 162.

Nicæa, dupe of Gonatas, 232.


Olympias, wife of Philip, marriage of, 116;
religion of, 118 f.;
queen of Epirus, 233 f.

Oration, Funeral, significance of, 45 f.

Orientals, contrast of, with Europeans, 131 ff.

Ostracism, function of, in Athens, 60 f.


Palestine, becomes Seleucid, 188;
Hellenization of, 196, 212 f.

Pan, patron of Gonatas, 232.

Panchæa, 143.

Parthians, rebellion of, 188, 192;
power of, 192.

Patriotism, in city-states, 18 f.

Pella, 118, 221.

Pergamum, incites dynastic war in Syria, 191.

Pericles, 41;
law of, regarding citizenship, 14;
Funeral Oration of, 44 ff.;
and art, 48;
and drama, 48;
and Plato, 48 f.;
aim of, in introducing indemnities, 64 f.;
ideal of, 64 f.;
defends misuse of tribute, 71 f.;
judgment on, by Thucydides, 75 f.

Periœcs, 19;
ring of, around Spartan land, 88.

Persepolis, 129.

Persia, supports hegemony in Greece, 25;
feudal lords in empire of, 199.

Persians, conciliated by Alexander, 130, 131;
Hellenization of, 133;
foster local religions, 197 ff.

Pharaoh, sole god on earth, 163.

Phila, wife of Antigonus Gonatas, 223.

Philip II, and Thebes, 28 f.;
hegemon of Hellas, 28 ff.;
relations of, with Olympias, 116;
murder of, 116;
achievements of, 116 ff.;
court of, 118.

Philip V, war of, with Ætolians, 245 f.

Phœnicia, source of timber for Egypt, 172.

Phthia, queen of Macedon, 234.

Plato, 26;
a student of his present alone, 99;
without sense of historic truth, 99 f., 107;
misreads the future, 100;
historic conceptions of, 100 f.;
and governmental control, 101 f.;
disgust of, for democracy, 102;
abandons theory of individual liberty, 102;
dislike of, for Athenian empire, 103;
dislike of, for Athenian culture, 103 f.;
assailant of materialism, 105;
advocate of aristocracy, 106 f.

Plutarch, 15.

Poetry, place of, in Greek education, 119 f.

Politics, in Athens, 56 f.;
instruction of Alexander in, 120.

Polybius, in Egypt, 181.

Polytheism, elasticity of, 140 f.

Pompey, conquers Syria, 191.

Popillius, Gaius, 213.

Priests, governments of, in Asia Minor, 197 f.

Proskynesis, of individuals established, 131;
meaning of, 131 ff.;
of cities, 147 f.;
under the diadochi, 164 f., 208, 221.

Prussia, divine right of kings in, 3, 37.

Ptolemais, 163 f.

Ptolemies, dynasty of, 151 f.;
empire of, restored, 153 f.;
imperial policy of, 155;
saved by Rome, 160;
deification of, in Greek cities, 164;
army of, 167 f., 173 ff.;
owners of land and people of Egypt, 169;
farmers, manufacturers, merchants, 169 f.;
temple policy of, 172 f.;
land policy of, 172 ff.;
gifts of, to friends, 173;
abandon land policy, 180;
later monarchs, 181 f.;
lose Palestine, 188;
incite dynastic war in Syria, 191.

Ptolemy, son of Lagos, goes to Egypt, 150 f.;
founds a dynasty, 151;
founds an empire, 155 f.;
son of Ammon, 162 ff.;
king of the Macedonians, 166 f.;
religious policy of, 178 f.
... Ceraunus, 220.
... Philadelphus, 155;
eulogy of, by Theocritus, 156, 171 f.;
character of, 157 f.;
diplomat, 158;
occupies Ionia, 159;
forces of, 167;
revolt in Ionia against, 228;
war of, with Antiochus II, 229,
with Rhodians, 229,
with Macedon and Syria, 230 ff.
... Euergetes, victorious in Asia, 159;
beaten on sea, 159;
neglects fleet, 179;
war of, in Asia, 231 f.;
generalissimo of Achæan league, 232 f.;
weakness of, 242.
... Philopator, military policy of, 180.
... Euergetes II, "the god," 166, 181.
... The Piper, 152.

Pydna, battle of, 213, 217.

Pyrrhus, king of Macedon, 220;
invades Macedon, 223 f.


Quartering of troops, in Egypt,


Races, fusion of, in Seleucid empire, 206.

Reaction, age of, 95 ff.;
of Plato, unreality of, 106 f.

Reformation, age of, in Greece, 83.

Reformers, political, 26.

Religion, and deification of rulers, 141 f.;
in Egypt, 178 f.

Representation according to population, 27, 33 f., 237, 243.

Rhodians, war of, with Ptolemy II, 229.

Romans, heirs of Greeks, 5;
empire of, 35;
save Ptolemies, 160;
war of, with Illyrians, 241;
with Macedonians, 248.

Rome, Senate of, disarms Seleucids, 190 f.,
encourages revolt of Jews, 191,
sets up usurpers in Syria, 191;
emperors of, use Seleucid land policy, 204;
Italian federation of, compared with Seleucid empire, 210 f.;
intimidates Seleucids, 213 f.;
imperial problems of, 214.

Rotation of office, in Athens, 55 f.

Roxane, married by Alexander, 130, 136.


Samians, get Athenian citizenship, 31.

Sarapis, 178.

Sea-power, benefits of, 66 ff.;
gained by Alexander, 126 f.;
of Egypt, 156, 158;
struggle for, between Egypt and Macedon, 159;
abandoned by Egypt, 160;
first gained by Egypt, 227;
restored, 230;
lost, 233.

Seleucids, hemmed in by Egypt, 159;
division in dynasty of, 187;
get access to sea, 188;
lose prestige in Asia, 189 f.;
disarmed by Rome, 190 f.;
dynastic war among, 191;
half Iranian, 195;
expansion of, 196 ff.;
crown lands of, 199;
land policy of, 202 f.;
administrative service of, 203;
local government of, 203, 205;
empire of, a conglomerate of states, 205 ff.;
relation of, to city-states, 208;
difficulties of, 211;
intimidated by Rome, 213 f.

Seleucus, son of Antiochus, 184;
at Ipsus, 185;
reaches Mediterranean, 185;
at Corupedion, 185;
faithful to Iranian wife, 195;
relation to Alexander, 195.
... Callinicus, 186.

Sellasia, battle of, 242.

Semites, view of Alexander as to, 135 f.

Sicilian expedition, 76.

Sicyon, added to Achæan league, 230.

Siwah, oasis of, visited by Alexander, 126 ff., 139 ff.

Slavery, rôle of, in Athens, 61 f.

Social War, 246.

Socrates, 97.

Sparta, size of, 19;
Peloponnesian league of, 20;
Hellenic league of, 20 f.;
supports aristocracy, 20;
pretexts of, for tyranny, 25;
refuses to enter Achæan league, 32 f.;
funeral custom of, 43;
home of poets and musicians, 81 f.;
golden age of art at, 82;
absence of tyrants in, 84;
military life of, 84 f.;
puritan movement in, 85;
army of, 86;
danger of, from Helots, 87;
growth of, 87 ff.;
change of foreign policy by, 88 f.;
in conflict with democratic movement, 89 f.;
domestic situation in, when hegemon, 90 ff.;
imperial problems of, 93 ff.;
donation to, from Ætolians, 241.

Spartans, kinsmen of the Jews, 79 f.

Stasis, 22 ff.

Stoa, philosophy of, in Macedon, 225 f.

Superiority, essential in empire, 2.

Susa, great marriage of, 136 ff.

Symmachia, basis of Spartan empire, 20 f.;
of Athenian empire, 24 f.

Sympolity, defined, 32 f.

Syncretism, religious, in Egypt, 178 f.

Synod, Bœotian, 27 ff.;
Hellenic, of Philip II, 28 ff.;
of Antigonus Doson, 242 ff.;
Achæan, 237.


Taxes, in Athens, 68.

Temples, in Egypt, 172 f.;
subordinated to city-states by Seleucids, 200;
despoiled by Seleucids, 200 f.

Thebes, hegemony of, 26;
position of, in Bœotia, 27;
destruction of, 123 f.

Themistocles, policy of, 39 f.

Theocritus, on Philadelphus, 156, 171 f.

Theopompus, on Philip II, 118.

Thermopylæ, battle of, 189 f.

Thucydides, on stasis, 22 ff.;
on empire, 23 f.;
Funeral Oration of, 44 ff.;
on the Athenian empire, 75 f.;
political sense of, 77.

Tigranes the Great, conquers Syria, 192.

Tribute, how used by Athenians, 71.

Troy, visited by Alexander, 124 f.

Truth, in Plato, 98.

Tyche, worship of, by the irreligious, 144.

Tyranny, outlawed, 239 f.

Tyrants, absent in Sparta, 84;
in Greece, 224 f.


Universality, logical issue of imperialism, 4 f.


Worship of the dead, so-called, 14 ff.


Xerxes, army of, 40.


Yue Tchi, immigration of, 192;
occupy Sogdiana, Bactria, and India, 193.


Zeno, tutor of Antigonus Gonatas, 222.

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