CHAPTER I.
THE STEAM ENGINE, A SUBJECT OF POPULAR INTEREST.—THE OBJECT OF THIS WORK.—DISPUTES RESPECTING THE INVENTION.—HERO.—DE GARAY.—DE CAUS.—BRANCA.—MARQUIS OF WORCESTER.—PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES.—ELASTIC AND INELASTIC FLUIDS.—THEIR PROPERTIES.—APPLICATION OF THESE PRINCIPLES TO THE ENGINES OF HERO, DE CAUS, AND LORD WORCESTER.—SIR SAMUEL MORLAND.—PAPIN.—ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE.—THE WEIGHT OF AIR.—LESS AT GREATER HEIGHTS.—BAROMETER.—PRESSURE OF AIR.—ELASTIC FORCE OF AIR AND GASES.—FORCE PRODUCED BY A VACUUM.—COMMON PUMP.—RAREFACTION BY HEAT.—PAPIN'S METHODS OF PRODUCING A VACUUM.—HIS DISCOVERY OF THE CONDENSATION OF STEAM.—SAVERY.
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