INDEX

A

Abelard, 9. Ahmed, 589. Albigenses, 9. Aldi, the, 23. Aleander, 27. Alexander VI., 406., 407. seq.., 603; death, 430. (see Papacy). Alfonso I. of Naples, 568. Alfonso II., 119, 572. Allegre, 418, Allegretti, works, 292; cited, 165; quoted, 616 America, effects of its discovery, 540. Ammanati, works, 489. Anjou, house of, transfers its claims to Sicily, 539. Appiani, 148. Ariosto, works, 119; cited, 413; quoted, 130 Aristotle, influence of his writings, 197; quoted, 234, 235. Art in Middle Age, 17; effect of religious conventionalism, 18; revolution made by Renaissance, 18, 19. Italian, inimical to ugliness, 490; flourishes under despots, 79. Ascham, R., quoted, 472.

B

Bacon, Francis, 26; ——, Roger, 9, 10.. Baglioni, 122, 148. Barbiano, 159. Bartoli, A., cited, 252. Beccadelli, 174. Bellini, works, 488. Bentivogli, 102, 115, 123. Bergamo, V. da, 618. Bernard, St., 13. Berni cited, 443. Bibbiena, 184; quoted, 190. Bologna, 123, 617. Boniface VIII., 76. Borgia, Cesare, 117, 324, 345 seq., 426, 577; murders, 352. Borgia, Lucrezia, 419; character cleared of calumny, 420. Borgia, Roderigo (see Alexander VI). Boscoli, P. P., 466. Bracciolini, P., 274. Brantôme quoted, 117. Brescia, 615; Arnold of, 64. Browning, R., quoted, 13. Bruni, L., 274. Buonarottí, 491; works, 19. Burchard cited, 430, 431. Burckhardt cited, 428; quoted, 434. Burton, Robert, cited, 475. Bussolaro, J. del, 610. Byzantine empire, effect of its fall, 14.

C

Capistrano, G. da, 615. Capponi, P., 284, 563. Carducci, 284, 289; works, 293. Carmagnuola, F., 161. "Carmina Burana," 9. Carrara, 149. Carroccio, 58. Castiglione, works, 183, 457. Catholic Church (see Papacy). Support of Church required by good society, 455; philosophy and theology fused, 456; religion divorced from morality, 462, 493; influence of ancient literature, 464; æstheticism, 465; humanism antagonistic to Christianity, 493; its corruption, 448 seq.; not universal, 470; immorality of priests, 458, 459; power of ecclesiastical eloquence, 491; revivals, 490, 606 seq.; indestructable vigor of religious faith, 469. Cellini, B., 104, 462, 492; memoirs, 325. Charles VIII. (see Italy, history), 540 seq.; escape, 580. Charles of Anjou, 75. Charles the Great, 50. Chivalry, 483. Christianity (see Catholic Church, Morals), influence in forming modern society, 7; how affected by Renaissance, 25. Clement VII., 443, 633. Colonnesi, 375. Columbus, 15. Comines cited, 416; quoted, 214, 475, 541, 553, 572, 578. Condottieri, 86, 113, 131, 156 seq.; 245, 361; character of warfare, 102, 363. Compagni, Dino, chronicle of, 262; its authenticity, 266 seq. Copernicus, 15. Corio, works, 292; quoted, 135, 143, 145, 152. 160, 385, 391, 392, 619. Coryat, T., quoted, 475. Croce, della, 614. Cromwell, 454. Cruelty (see Blood-madness), instances of, 151, 478, 571; of French, 557, 583; its use, 354. Crusades, 7.

D

Dante, political views, 261; works, 10, 11, 73, 260; quoted, 73, 76, 77, 133. Democratic idea, its gradual growth, 8. Dennistoun cited, 160. Descartes, 26. Djem, 415, 566, 576. Dürer, works, 490; cited, 475.

E

Erasmus, 24, 27. Este, house of, 395, 420; Nicolo, 168.

F

Fanfoni, P., cited, 263, 268. Feltre, V. da, 171, 176. Ferdinand of Arragon, 296, 358; of Naples, 570. Ferrara, 499, 617; court, 423. Ficino, 175, 456. Fiesole, G. da, Works, 488. Filelfo, 171; quoted, 381. Flora, Joachim of, 9. Florence, its constitution, 195, 201, 592, 596, 598; number of citizens, 598; parties, 211; perpetual flux, 221; government by merchants, 225; the "parlamento," 230; cause of failure of popular government, 231; population, 256; the "arti," 597; militia, its value, 601; Machiavelli's reforms, 312; revenues, 255; topography, 595; history (see Italy), rule of the Medici, 277, 305, 629, years 1527-31, 282; recovers liberty through the French, 560; occupation, 562; commonwealth, 282; divisions of popular party, 283; siege, 285; effect of Savonarola's prophecies, 290; Pazzi conspiracy, 398; final subjugation, 446; character of its historians, 248 seq., 274. Society, character of people, 600; their enlightenment and immorality, 504; absence of religious faith, 295; excess of intellectual mobility, 237; commercial character, 238; social life, 242. A city of intelligence, 232, 246. Fondulo, G., 463. Ford, J., cited, 477. Foscari, F., 215; quoted, 600. Francia, works, 489. Frattcelli, 9. Frederick I., 63. Frederick II., 10, 68, 105. Froben, J., 23.

G

Gambacorta, 147. Gemistos Plethon, 173. Genezzano, 506, 522. Genoa, 79; history, 201. Giacomini, 313. Giannotti cited, 217; quoted, 169,196, 216, 238, 278, 280. Giotto, works, 488. Giovio, quoted, 249. God, medieval idea of, 16. Gonzaghi, 146. Government, Guicciardini's theories, 305. [See Machiavelli.] Graziani quoted, 614. Greek, knowledge of, in Renaissance, 182. Greene, R., quoted, 473. Gregorovius cited, 421, 430, 479,. Guarino, 171. Guarnieri, 158. Guelphs and Ghibeliines, 69, 206. Guicciardini, 278, 280, 285, 295, 482; works, 291, 294, 301 seq.; political theories analyzed, 304 seq.; quoted, 44, 91, 92, 119, 169, 223, 284, 404, 409, 412, 417, 431, 434, 451, 536. 541. 547, 549, 582, 583, 603.

H

Hawkwood, J., 113. Hegel quoted, 367. Hegel, C, cited, 252. Heribert, 58. Hildebrand, 59. Hirsch cited, 567. Hogarth, works, 490. Howell cited, 473. Hussites, 9. Hutten, 27.

I

Infessura, works, 292; cited, 405; quoted, 395, 404, 474, Innocent VIII., 403. Inquisition in Spain, 399. Inventions of Renaissance, 29. Italy, history (see Condottieri, Papacy), its character, 32; papacy and empire, 33, 41, 43, 94, 97, 99; variety of governments, 35, 43; their influence on national development, 44; politics, 36; invasions, 39; want of historical continuity, 41; the despotisms, 42; origin of modern history, 46; the Lombards, 48; Charles the Great, 51; Berengar, 52; Otho I., 52; growth of power of Church, 53; Frederick I., 63; Charles of Anjou, 75; convulsions of 14th century, 81; states of 15th century, 88; obstacles to unity, 89; to monarchy, 92; to federalism, 95; in time of Machiavelli, 365; policy of Lorenzo, 543; equilibrium destroyed, 545; French invasion, 549; character of their army, 565; league against them, 576; cause of their failure, 340; effect of their example, 583; on other nations, 585; Charles V., 98. Italians incapable of helping themselves, 586; responsible for their despots, 115; development precocious and unsound, 495; fatal effects of want of union, 538, 552.

 

The Republics, character of their history, 33, 193; beginning of the power of the cities, 53; their origin, 54; count and bishop, 55; "people," 55; commune, 56; consuls, 56; effect of struggle of papacy and empire, 61; influence of latter, 198; Guelphs and Ghibeliines, 69, 80, 206; wars of cities, 62; Frederic I., 64; struggle with nobles, 66; the podesta, 67; "captain of the people," 71; the "arti," 72; distinction between parties, 74; not representative governments, 196; not democratic, 195; factions, 195, 210; small number of active citizens, 209; temporal character of alliances, 212.

 

The Despotisms, 42, 76; their justification, 83; idea of liberty, 78; republican freedom unknown, 91; policy commercial, 85; taxation, 86; diplomacy substituted for warfare, 87; illegitimacy, 102; good government, 103; bad effect of their example, 104; courts, 106, 186; varieties of despotisms, 109; claims of despots due to force, not rank, 116; their democratic character, 117; uncertainty of tenure of power, 117, 129; domestic crime, 119; murders, 120; tastes and pursuits, 126; degeneracy of their houses, 126, 151; bad effects of rule, 130; centralizing tendencies, 131; cruelty, 151; absence of all morality, 168.

 

Society. Why Italy took the lead in the Renaissance, 5; Italians gentle and humane, 478; not gluttons, 479; personal originality not discouraged, 488; Italy originates type of gentleman, 192; courtiers, idea of nobility, 186; community of interest with that of Roman Church, 470; immorality not great relatively, 487; superiority to their contemporaries, 489; purity of their art shows that heart of the people was not vitiated, 488; commercial integrity, 474; demoralization of society, 472; immorality came from above, 489; commonness of crime, 170, 480; exceptions to rule, 183; murders, 480; deficiency in sense of honor, 481; chastity in women, 486; unnatural passions, 477; charms of illicit love, 476; immoral literature, 475. Literature, early, 53.

J

Jews, expulsion from Spain, 400. Julia, daughter of Claudius, 22, 23. Julius II., 389, 406, 432 seq.

L

Lecce, Roberto da, 614. Leo X., 435, 630. Libraries of Renaissance, 21. Locke, J., 26. Lombards, 48 seq. London, mediæval, 137. Louis XII., 339. Luini, works, 489. Lungo, del, cited, 273. Luther, 26, 442, 454, 530,

M

Macaulay on the despots, 127, 320. Machiavelli, 232, 278, 308 seq.; property, 309; education, 310; political career, 311; cringing character, 317; intercourse with Cesare Borgia, 347; compared with Savonarola, 368; last years, 328; death, 333.

 

Works, 76, 169, 203, 249, 332, 369, 457, 494; military system, 312; Art of War, 328; History, 331; The Prince, 319; object in writing it, 321; appeal to the Medici, 366; apology for the author, 367; morality of the work, 324-6; author's sincerity, 333; not the inventor of Machiavellianism, 335; it assumes Reparation of statecraft and morality, 335; an abstract of political expediency, 336; how permanently to assimilate provinces, 338; colonies, 338; founders of monarchies, 343; distinction between monarch and despot, 341; use of cruelty, 354; value of distrust, 358; military precautions, 360; the work condemned by the Inquisition, 336; opinion of it in France, 326;

 

quoted, 45, 82, 84, 96, 98, 115, 116, 146, 152, 187, 202, 214, 215, 245, 325, 447, 450, 453, 460. Madonna, conventional idea of, 18. Malatesta, 172. Malespini, chronicle, 251. Mantegna, works, 489. Mantuanus, B., quoted, 394. Marlowe quoted, 336. Marston, cited, 473, 475. Massa, B. da, 611. Masuccio quoted, 458, 486. Matarazzo, works, 292; quoted, 583. Medici, their policy, 87, 90, 128, 155, 228, 230; expulsion, 222; connection with papacy, 404; services to literature, 600. Alessandro, 298; Cosimo, 300, 492; Lorenzo, 504, 628; death, 523; Piero, 558. Michelet quoted, 15, 585. Middle Age: mental condition, 6, 13; inaccessibility to mental ideas, 7; political character, 8; art, 17; scholarship, 20. Milan, 58; Visconti and Sforza, 154. Milman quoted, 530. Milton, 454. Mirandola, 171, 456, 520; quoted, 401, 511. Monaldeschi, L. B., 252. Montferrat, 146. Montone, B. da, 123, 159. Morals (see Italy, society; Papacy, court; Virtu;) in Cellini's memoirs, 325; sexual immorality,474; tyrannicide defended, 468. Müntz, E., cited, 384. Muzio quoted, 174.

N

Naples (see Italy), attraction for foreigners, 566; claims of house of Anjou, 539; flight of king, 574. Nardi, 278, 280, 290; works, 291; quoted, 292, 511, 534, 592. Nerli, 278, 290; works, 293 seq.; quoted, 328. Nicholas V., 378. Normans In Italy, 58.

O

Olgiati, 166. Orsini, 375. Otho 1., 52.

P

Pamponazzo, 456.. Pandolfini, 239; works, 241. Papacy (see Catholic Church), "the ghost of the Roman empire," 6; church and state, 8; Charles the Great, 51; imperial nominees, 59; change in mode of election, 60; effect of crushing the Hohenstauffen, 101; nepotism, 114; authority in 14th century, 371, 375; secularization, 371, 375; temporal power, 376; its consolidation, 378; its extent, 434; persecution, 402; of Platonists, 417; its effect, 418; plan to transform Papacy to kingdom, 392; sale of pardons, 404, 439; no horror felt at election of Alexander VI., 410; Turks invited to Italy, 415, 551; censure of press, 416: alliance with France, 427, 566; political crimes of Alexander VI., 428; tide turns with Julius II., 433; reforms of Adrian VI., 441; moral advantage of sack of Rome, 445.

 

Court, 372; its scandalous history, 390, 403, 411, 414, 420, 424, 439, 457; extravagance, 390, 436, 437; extortion, 437; monopolies, 394; nepotism, 419, 438; simony, 394, 405, 414; art patronage, 384, 401, 433, 436. Paterini, 9. Pazzi conspiracy, 396. Perrotti quoted, 179. Perugia, 612. Pescara, marquis of, 634. Petrarch, 11, 20; quoted, 250. Poliziano, 171, Poontano cited, 481. Printers of Renaissance, 23, Provence, civilization of, 9. Puritanism, 25, 37.

R

Raffaella quoted, 483. Raphael, works, 488. Reformation, 433; how affected by Renaissance, 27. Rembrandt, works, 490. Renaissance (see Middle Age), not synonymous with "revival of learning," 1; not completed, 2; extent of signification, 2-3; origin, 3; idea not separable from "Reformation," "Revolution," 5; effect on old beliefs, 14, 16; all its tendencies worldly, 455; restores double past, Christian and pagan, 506; obstacles in the way, 5; preparation, 9; opposition of the Church, 10; character of the men, 12; discoveries, 15; scholarship, 20; assimilation of paganism, 25; reaction against enlightenment, 25; inventions, 29. Reuchlin, 27. Reumont, A. von, cited, 212, 524. Ripamonti quoted, 163, 167. Robbia, works, 489. Romagna, 349. Romano, Ezzelino da, 69, 75, 106, 119; Giulio, works, 490. Rome (see Italy, Papacy), effect of its ruins, 253; appearance at time of French occupation, 564; early mediæval history, 47; opposition to Lombards, 49; government semi-independent of pope, 376; advantages derived from presence of papal court, 377; improvements under Nicholas V., 378, impunity of criminals, 405; factions destroyed, 413; rising of Colonnas, 443; sack, 444, 636; prostitutes, 474. Romeo and Juliet, 74, Rosellini, works, 489, Rosenbaum cited, 567. Royere, F. della (see Sixtus IV.); Francesco Maria, 393; Giuliano (see Julius II,); Pietro, 390. Rubens, works, 490.

R

Sadoleto, quoted, 446. Savelli, 375. Savonarola, 202, 221, 230, 277, 283, 290, 345, 368, 453, 454, 456, 491, 498 seq., 561, 622; poems, 502; settles in Florence, 504; portraits, 508; eloquence, 510; creed, 513; prophecies, 514; political career, 526; hatred of secular culture, 527; dares not break with Rome, 531; martyrdom, 533; works, 536; quoted, 128. Savoy, 146. Scala, della, family, 145, 258. Scheffer-Bolchorst cited, 252, 269. Segal, 278, 280, 289; works 292, seq. Sforza family, 131 seq.; their magnificience, 164; to be made kings of Lombardy, 392; Francesco, 153, 159 seq., 345; Galeazzo, 165; Ludovico, 543 seq. Shelley cited, 477. Siena, 207, 616. Sismondi quoted, 138, 144, 159, 226, 533. Sixtus IV., 388 seq., 502. Soderini, P., 289, 324. Spaniards, cruelty of, 478. Spinoza, 26. Stendhal cited, 482. Stephani, the, 23. Strozzi, Ercole, 423; F., 285. Swiss, 450. Syphilis, history of, 567.

T

Tasso, 486. Temporal Power (see Papacy). Tenda, Beatrice di, 152. Theodoric, 47. Theology, effect of Renaissance upon, 16. Tiraboschi, quoted, 173. Titian, works, 19. Torre, della, 132. Trinci, 122.

U

Urbino, dukes of, 174 seq., 393, 438.

V

Valois, Charles of, 76. Varani, 121. Varchi, 278, 290; works, 279, 303 seq.; quoted, 204, 244, 505. Venice, 79, 88, 91; an exception among the republics, 195, 214; constitution, 215; the Ten, 218; fascination exercised by government, 220; military system, 220; no initiative mining citizens, 233; compared with Sparta, 234; indifference to prosperity of Italy, 550. Vespusiano quoted, 174, 477, 612. Vettori, F., 624; works, 626. Vicenza, John of, 607. Villani, M., works, 251 seq., quoted, 128, 139. Villari, quoted, 195, 500. Vinci, da, 326, 548; works, 489. Virgil, 20. Virtu, 171, 337, 345, 484, 493. Visconti, family, 131 seq.; their realm falls to pieces, 150; Filippo, 152; Gisa, 141; Violante, 137.

W

Webster, J., quoted, 119, 557. Witchcraft persecutions, 402.

Y

Yriarte, quoted, 210, 217.